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Having a strong autonomy is about being able to fully govern yourself. In the case of the Åland Islands and its autonomy, this is not the case. Although Åland received its autonomy over a hundred years ago, little progress has been made towards “being as fully sovereign as possible without being independent” which was agreed upon by Finland, Sweden and the League of Nations in 1921. This study aims to identify and analyse the strategies Åland have used in recent years in its attempt to protect and strengthen its autonomy. I have done this by interviewing political actors from all corners of the political landscape on Åland, from prime ministers to political party leaders and others, to hear how they personally have been involved – or what they know on the subject.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2008-2009 / Les polynômes de Jack sont des polynômes symétriques qui constituent les fonctions propres de l'hamiltonien du problème à N corps complètement intégrable de Calogero- Moser-Sutherland (CMS). Ces polynômes sont bien connus en physique et en mathématiques et plusieurs de leurs propriétés ont été obtenues. Entre autres, il existe des règles, nommées formules de Pieri, qui permettent de développer un produit de deux polynômes de Jack dans une combinaison linéaire de polynômes de Jack. Ces formules ont mené à l'obtention d'opérateurs différentiels analogues à des opérateurs de création qui permettent de générer ces polynômes sans avoir à diagonaliser explicitement l'hamiltonien. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, on s'intéresse au modèle CMS supersymétrique et plus particulièrement aux généralisations des formules de Pieri. On introduit aussi quelques propriétés des superpolynômes de Jack qui seront utiles pour prouver les formules de Pieri obtenues dans le cas supersymétrique.

This problem's investigation deals with gauging the artistic influence, if any, pioneer editorial cartoonist John Knott had on his successors, Ficklen and McClanahan. Information was gathered through interviews and the pages of the Dallas Morning News. Organization is as follows: introduction, biography and art of Knott, biography and art of Ficklen, biography and art of McClanahan, summary and conclusion. The study found minimal artistic influence by Knott on the cartoons of Ficklen and McClanahan. Compared to Knott, Ficklen and McClanahan had different art backgrounds, cartoon styles, personal and political beliefs. Knott's successors admired different artists, drew during a different editorial page emphasis and had more freedom in cartoon selection than Knott did. Neither Ficklen nor McClanahan listed Knott as an artistic influence.

Essa tese analisa a obra literária dos escritores Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) e Jack London (1876-1916) produzida nos anos 1900-1910, procurando compreender a maneira como se deu o diálogo entre a ficção e a realidade histórica, como aquela produziu uma leitura e uma interpretação desta, sobretudo no que tange às mudanças no sentido histórico do trabalho. Dado o fato de que ambos os escritores em questão viveram num momento decisivo de transformação histórica nos Estados Unidos, quando na transição entre o século XIX e XX se estabeleceram novas dinâmicas sociais e econômicas, articuladas estas com a consolidação do capitalismo de regime monopolista, essas literaturas trazem em seu corpo as cicatrizes históricas dos esforços de adaptação e compreensão desse processo. Atrelada a essa momentosa transição em curso, havia o fato de que ambos os escritores eram trabalhadores, e num momento crucial da formação da classe trabalhadora estadunidense, quando as transformações materiais impunham severas readequações na divisão do trabalho, na organização produtiva estrutural, na estratificação social dele oriunda, nas respostas políticas de resistência deles, e também nos sentidos subjetivos que o trabalho e o trabalhar poderiam possuir. Por conta de tudo isto, a literatura de Sherwood Anderson e Jack London produz uma interpretação ficcional dessa experiência histórica, permitindo com que se rastreie e compreenda como as velhas tradições do \"Evangelho do trabalho\" dos Oitocentos foram sendo brutalmente modificadas pela dinâmica produtiva de ordem fabril, pelo controle financeiro, pela concentração econômica e pela acentuação da exploração capitalista pelo regime monopólico. Essa situação, dadas as particularidades biográficas e os históricos de formação das regiões onde viveram os dois escritores (um do Meio-Oeste, outro do Extremo Oeste dos Estados Unidos), foi traduzida ora como crise de consciência íntima, ora como uma grande crise civilizacional que a punha em pé de igualdade com a selvageria da natureza. Ambas, pois, fornecem ao historiador chaves analíticas com as quais pensar a mudança do lugar e do sentido histórico do trabalho naquele processo, e como essa mudança participava da formação da classe trabalhadora, tanto em sentidos estruturais quanto subjetivos, tanto progressistas como conservadores. / This thesis analyzes the literary work of writers Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941) and Jack London (1876-1916) produced in the years 1900-1910, aiming at understanding the way how the dialogue between fiction and historical reality happened, how the former produced a reading and interpretation of the latter, especially regarding to shifts in the historical meaning of labor. Given the fact that both writers concerned lived in a decisive moment of historical transformation in the United States, when in the transition between the 19th and the 20th century new social and economical dynamics were established, articulated with the consolidation of the capitalism of monopolist regime, these writings bring in their body the historical scars of the efforts of adaptation and comprehension of this process. Attached to this momentous ongoing transition, there was the fact that both writers were workers, and during a crucial moment of the formation of the US working class, when the material transformations imposed severe readjustments in the division of labor, in the structural productive organization, in the social stratification originated from it, in the political answers of resistance from them, and also in the subjective senses that labor and work could have. Due to all that, the literature of Sherwood Anderson and Jack London produces a fictional interpretation of this historical experience, allowing to track and understand how the old traditions of the Gospel of work of the Eighteen hundreds were being brutally modified by the productive dynamics of the manufacturing industry, by the financial control, by the economic concentration and by the intensification of the capitalist exploration by the monopolistic regime. This situation, given the biographic particularities and the historical formation of the regions where the two writers lived (one from the Midwest, the other from the Far West of the United States), has been translated sometimes as a crisis of intimate consciousness, sometimes as a big civilizational crisis that put it on an equal footing with the wildness of nature. Both, therefore, provide the historian with analytical keys with which to think the shift of place and historical sense of labor in that process, and how this shift participated in the formation of the working class, both in structural and subjective senses, both progressives and conservatives.

[pt] A tese aborda a relação entre os artistas Hélio Oiticica e Jack Smith em meio à efervescente atmosfera de Nova York nos 1970. Embora pouco conhecido no Brasil, Smith foi um importante personagem da cultura underground, sendo apontado como um dos precursores da arte de performance e do cinema expandido. Oiticica, durante os primeiros meses em que viveu em Nova York (1970-1978), relatou a amigos sua perplexidade ao entrar em contato com esse artista estadunidense, aproximando-se também de personagens e manifestações que faziam parte da sua esfera, como o ator Mario Montez e o Teatro do Ridículo. A partir de cartas do artista brasileiro e dos arquivos de Jack Smith, a pesquisa investiga de que maneira essa relação desenvolveu-se em termos pessoais e profissionais. No lugar de buscar pontos de semelhança e diferença, a tese procura friccionar a obra desses artistas a partir de seus buracos, faltas, gargalos e intervalos. Nesse sentido, o encontro entre eles será o ponto de partida para a discussão de questões dentro de suas próprias obras, como a relação que cada um estabeleceu com práticas arquivísticas, a ampliação do exercício de possibilidades de gênero e sexualidade, assim como de reflexões e projetos derivados de suas reivindicações contra cinemas convencionais. Além de trabalhos mais conhecidos de Oiticica, como Cosmococa - program in progress (1973-1974) e o artigo Mario Montez, tropicamp (1971), serão analisadas obras e documentos de Jack Smith, a exemplo de um roteiro inédito que o artista escreveu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1966, chamado Carnaval in Lobsterland. / [en] This dissertation concerns the relationship between artists Hélio Oiticica and Jack Smith in the bustling atmosphere of 1970 s New York. Even though Smith is little know in Brazil, he was an important artist in New York s underground culture, often pointed as one of the forerunners of performance art and expanded cinema. During his first months in New York (1970-1978), Oiticica wrote to his friends about how perplexed he was at Smith and his work, comparing him to characters and manifestations that were part of his sphere, such as actor Mario Montez and the Teatro do Ridículo. Departing from the Brazilian artist s letters and Jack Smith s files, this research investigates how their relationship has developed in personal and professional terms. Rather than looking for points of similarity or difference, this dissertation aims to put the work of these artists in friction - from their holes, absences, apertures and gaps. In this sense, their meeting will be the starting point for the discussion both of questions in their own work and of the relationship each of them has established with archival practices, the expansion of exercises on the possibilities of gender and sexuality, as well as reflections and projects derived from their claims against conventional cinema. In addition to Oiticica s best known works, such as Cosmococa - program in progress (19730-1974) and the article Mario Montez, tropicamp (1971), this thesis will analyze some of Jack Smith`s works and documents, such as an unpublished script he wrote in Rio de Janeiro in 1966, called Carnaval in Lobsterland.

This thesis discusses the rise of the Republican party in Texas and specifically Harris County. The time period is the decade between the Presidential election of Dwight D. Eisenhower and the campaign of Jack Cox for Governor. Changes in the structure and leadership of the Republican party at the state level and specific precincts are examined in detail in chapter one. Leaders in Houston during this time period, such as Jesse Jones, Roy Cullen, and Oveta Culp Hobby are discussed in chapter two. The elections of Eisenhower, Cox, and Republican John Tower are analyzed in chapter three. The conclusion finds six major factors for the political changes occurring in Harris County, including economic and demographic changes. Main sources for this work included the Harris County Democratic party records and the Jack Cox Papers at the Center for American History, the Eisenhower Library, and the John Tower Papers.

Living in tune with nature means respecting the natural environment and realizing its power and the ways it manifests in daily life. This essay focuses on the ways in which respect for nature is expressed through animal imagery in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Mark Twain's "The Stolen White Elephant," Roughing It, and Pudd'nhead Wilson, and Jack London's The Call of the Wild. Each author encouraged readers to seek the benefits of nature in order to become better human beings, forge stronger communities, and develop a more unified nation and world. By learning from the positive example of the animals, we learn how to share our world with them and with each other.

The aim of the present study is to account for the significance of mobility in American culture and its reflection in literature. In order to reach this goal, the thesis observes the role of mobility in the history of the United States, its transformation in the twentieth century, and the manifestation of this motif in the works of Jack Kerouac. Through the analysis of his novels, including On the Road, The Dharma Bums, Desolation Angels, Lonesome Traveler, and Big Sur, the thesis identifies some of the recurrent themes associated with the motif of journey and further interprets them in the context of postwar America. With the support of an array of secondary literature, this research approaches mobility as a constitutive part of the American identity and Jack Kerouac as one of its most ardent advocates. The introduction probes the contemporary preoccupation with space and the necessity of interrogating its intersection with time. While incorporating both of these dimensions, movement is identified as a manifestation of this intersection and it is distinguished from mobility as lacking the meaning acquired through culture. In order to explain this process of acquiring meaning, the link between mobility and narrative is established and its presence in literature observed. It is subsequently argued...