The aim of this work is to evaluate the course of rearing Red Pied heifers reared with use of graze and stable and review effect of graze use on subsequence performance in 1st lactation. In selected breed was monitored process of heifer grow by periodical weighting in three months interval, furthermore was taken for these heifers these reproduction indices: 1st insemination age, insemination index, 1st calve age. Heifers are divided by rearing form (graze, stable) and compared differences in grow intesities and reproduction efficiency between particular groups. Subsequently, for cows on first lactation were monitored and compared these indices: level of milk performance, content of milk elements, degree of physical condition, indices of fertility. Dairy cows are divided into groups according to how they were reared as heifers (graze, stable). When comparing growth of heifers, grazed heifers reaches higher values than group of not grazed heifers. Grazed heifers grows more quickly: at age 3 months was their average weight 93,26 Kg against 88,30 Kg not grazed heifers. At age 6 months was weight of grazed heifers 169,51 kg against 161,80 kg not grazed heifers, At age 9 months was values 236,47 kg for grazed heifers, 228,07 kg for not grazed heifers, at age 12 months 326,62 kg and 299,87 kg, at age 15 months 366,11 kg and 359,98 kg. From reproduction indices have been found statistically significant differences in age at 1st insemination, when the grazed heifers were flushed in average age of 18,43 months against not grazed heifers in age of 17,12 months. In addition, was found statistically significant differences in age at first calving, when the values obtained for the group of grazed heifers was 28.63 months and for not grazed heifers 27,73 months. First calving heifers reared on graze produce in lactation average 7 782,4 Kg of milk, first calving heifers reared in stable produce in lactation average 7 064,40 Kg of milk. Differences was statistically significant. Average duration of lactation at first calving heifers reared on graze was 359,47 days, duration of lactation at first calving heifers reared in stable was 329,01 days. Differences was statistically highly significant. From the linear description is clear that graze has positive effect on heifers muscling and limbs. In overall assessment made grazed heifers higher rating points 81,43 for heifers reared on graze and 81,00 point for heifers reared in stable. These differences could not be statistically demonstrated.

The aim of the final thesis was to control the management of dairy cows breeding, nutrition, health and milk production in the chosen company. The next aim was to recommend measures in the order to improve the business situation, to realize some of them and compare results. Literary part is focused on the characteristic of nutrition of calves, heifers and dairy cattle. Methods how to control nutrition and metabolism with using feed mixture, excrements, ruminant, body condition, control of milk production and a content of milk components analysis are described. Practical part includes a description of the company, an analysis of the situation in April 2018 and recommended improvement measures. The implemented measures on the farm in summer 2018 are also described. The breed is characterized by data such as number of cattle, results of reproduction and health, average yields in last years and milk components. Furthermore, the changes that took place on the farm during the reporting period are described. The weights of two groups of calves with different nutrition were compared and evaluated (the group of calves fed with milk and starter from the birth vs. the group of calves fed only with milk). At the age of three months, calves fed with milk and starter had significantly higher weight compared to the group of calves which were fed with starter during weaning period. The milk yield was inconclusive (p = 0.06) after the realization of the measures. However, there were significant changes in milk components — protein, fat and urea content increased. The comparision of milk yield and milk components of the Czech Fleckvieh’s and Holstein’s breed was evaluated. Holstein dairy cows had a higher milk yield with lower somatic cells. On the other hand milk of Czech Fleckvieh’s cows contained more protein and fat. Other analyses showed, that cows are getting fat at the end of lactation and during dry period. Suspicions of acidosis and insufficient homogeneity of feed mixture were evaluated (because of the different consistency of feces of dairy cows in the same group, the content of the raw elements was high in feed ration, the problem of separation of feed mixture components during transport by belt conveyors was proven).

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of live weight in the course in rearing heifers on milk yield Fleckvieh in economically squad Určice. 420 cows of Czech Fleckvieh breed in period of 5 years (2011-2016) were evaluated. Body weight of heifers was determined by bridging the transition from individual business records to the age of 3, 6, 12 and 15 month. The influence of bodyweight heifers during rearing on the usability and functional length were evaluated, as well as the effect of the age at first calving on milk yield and functional longevity. Last but not least were determined the most common causes of retirement of cattle from the herd. No significant effects of rearing of heifers on dairy milk yield or the longevity of cows were detected.