Bohuslav Maritnů¡¦s Oboe Concerto, H. 353 is one of the most important oboe works in the twentieth century. This Concerto is composed in 1995, in Maritnů¡¦s later life period. There are numerous mistakes and controversies over the final published version. This has resulted various interpretation of the same piece by many performers throughout the decades. The main topic of this research concerns with the differences of the published editions and six recordings. This thesis is consisted of introduction, conclusion, and other three main chapters. The introduction includes research motivation, purpose, literature review and components definition. The first chapter is the introduction of Maritnů¡¦s life and music. Also, the important features of Oboe Concerto, H. 353 are briefly described in this chapter. The second chapter detailed described and the analyzed the Oboe Concerto, H. 353. The essential materials used in this piece are analyzed and organized in table charts. Nevertheless, for giving the instructions for practicing this piece, the play-skills and teaching-materials are suggested along with the difficult parts of the whole composition. Chapter three is the most important part of this thesis. This chapter mainly focuses on the comparison between scores and sound recordings, and discusses the accuracy of these versions. The scores including the piano version and the orchestra versions and those are expounded in the section one. Furthermore, according to the literatures, the correctness of musical notes and articulation are arranged in this section. I also mark the mistakes of each movement of Oboe Concerto, H. 353 in appendix for readers¡¦ references. Section two in chapter three is the comparison of different sound recordings of this piece. The six important and accomplished oboists¡¦ recordings are discussed in order to let readers realize these great oboists¡¦ music style and their characteristics. These most influential performers are Jiři Tancibudeck, Ingo Goritzki, Heinz Holliger, Lajos Lencsés, Thomas Indermühle, and Alex Klein. The last part is the conclusion of this thesis which concluded and analyzed the whole thesis.