The aim of this study was to investigate trends in population size and dynamics in two populations of the rare orchid Anacamptis palustris on Gotland. The study also examined if there were any correlations between the climate factors, temperature and precipitation, and the amount of flowering plants of A. palustris on Gotland. I found that low temperature during 16 April- 15 June and abundant precipitation in June results in a higher number of flowering plants the same year. Previous studies shows that A. palustris commutes considerably in number of flowering plants between years. Because of the variety in flowering frequency and lack of regular inventories, it is hard to interpret any trends in population growth. Therefore it requires annual inventories in the future to determine whether the populations are decreasing or increasing.