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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

[en] DETERMINATION OF THE CO2 DILUTION INFLUENCE ON FLAME FLASHBACK IN METHANE-AIR AND PROPANE-AIR MIXTURES / [pt] DETERMINAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA DILUIÇÃO POR CO2 SOBRE O RETORNO DE CHAMA EM MISTURAS DE METANO-AR E PROPANO-AR

MARIA CLARA DE JESUS VIEIRA 11 June 2021 (has links)
[pt] O fenômeno de retorno de chama em tubos é conhecido e estudado há várias décadas. Sua análise clássica é baseada na determinação do gradiente de velocidade crítico, Gc, que o delimita como função das propriedades das misturas combustíveis. Entretanto, não é conhecido o efeito da diluição por CO2, importante para a previsão da segurança das instalações do pré-sal. Por isto, são aqui desenvolvidos estudos específicos do retorno de chamas pré-misturadas em escoamentos laminares. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é determinar experimentalmente a influência da diluição por CO2 sobre o retorno de chamas (flashback) em misturas de hidrocarbonetos (CH4 ou propano) e de ar. O levantamento do estado da arte permitiu especificar as características da instalação experimental para o estudo deste fenômeno e, também, identificar as principais questões a serem abordadas. Foi projetado e construído um aparato experimental para o estudo do flashback em escoamentos laminares. Os resultados originais obtidos mostram como a propensão ao retorno de chama é influenciada pela natureza do combustível, pela estequiometria da mistura e pela diluição. Misturas de propano possuem maior propensão ao flashback e maiores valores de Gc do que as de metano. Também foi mostrado que há uma redução da propensão ao flashback com o aumento da diluição. Esta propensão foi relacionada aos números adimensionais que caracterizam a combustão, isto é, os números de Lewis, Péclet, Karlovitz e Zel dovich. Para este último, uma proposta original visando sua determinação é apresentada, que envolve uma expressão da taxa de liberação de calor da reação química global controlada por uma variável de progresso. Esta formulação permite resolver o problema da singularidade na região da estequiometria. / [en] The flashback phenomenon in tubes has been known and studied for several decades. Its classical analysis is based on the determination of the critical velocity gradient, Gc, which delimits it as a function of the fuel mixture properties. However, the effect of the CO2 dilution is not known, which is important for predicting the safety of pre-salt facilities. For this reason, specific studies of premixed flame flashback in laminar flows are developed here. The general objective of this work is to experimentally determine the influence of CO2 dilution on flame flashback in mixtures of hydrocarbons (CH4 and propane) and air. The state of the art research made it possible to specify the characteristics of the experimental installation for this phenomenon study and, also, to identify the main issues to be addressed. An experimental apparatus was designed and built to study the flame flashback in laminar flows. The original results obtained show how the propensity of the flame flashback is influenced by the nature of the fuel, the stoichiometry of the mixture, and the dilution. Propane mixtures have a greater propensity for flashback and higher values of Gc than those of methane. It has also been shown that there is a reduction in the propensity of flashback with increasing dilution. This propensity was related to the dimensionless numbers that characterize combustion, that is, the Lewis, Péclet, Karlovitz, and Zel dovich numbers. For the latter, an original proposal aimed at its determination is presented, which involves an expression of the heat release rate from the global chemical reaction controlled by a progress variable.
2

Mechanisms of Lean Flame Extinction

Lasky, Ian M 01 January 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Lean flame blowout is investigated experimentally within a high-speed combustor to analyze the temporal extinction dynamics of turbulent premixed bluff body stabilized flames. The lean blowout process is induced through fuel flow reduction and captured temporally using simultaneous high-speed particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and CH* chemiluminescence. The evolution of the flame structure, flow field, and the resulting strain rate along the flame are analyzed throughout extinction to distinguish the physical mechanisms of blowout. Flame-vortex dynamics are found to be the main driving mechanism of flame extinction; namely, a reduction of flame-generated vorticity coupled with an increase of downstream shear layer vorticity. The vorticity dynamics are linked to hydrodynamic instabilities that vary as a function of the decreasing equivalence ratio. Frequency analysis is performed to characterize the dynamical changes of the hydrodynamic instability modes during flame extinction. Additionally, various bluff body inflow velocity regimes are investigated to further characterize the extinction instability modes. Both equivalence ratio and flow-driven instabilities are captured through a universal definition of the Strouhal number for the reacting bluff body flow. Finally, a Karlovitz number-based criterion is developed to consistently predict the onset of global extinction for different inflow velocity regimes.

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