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The thesis examines the influence of the Romantic elements of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird upon the novel's characterizations, structure, tone, and themes. Chapter One contains a critical survey of criticism about the novel and a list of Romantic elements. Chapters Two, Three, and Four present the three most important of those elements. Chapter Two is the exploration of the novel's Gothic traits. Chapter Three explores the Romantic treatment of childhood's innocence and perspicacious vision as it pertains to Dill, Jem, and, in particular, Scout. Chapter Four is a detailed study of Atticus Finch, the novel's Romantic hero, who expresses or incorporates many of the most important elements of Romanticism in the novel.

Every year, many wells are subject to well intervention operations for a variety of different reasons, such as Plug and Abandon (P&A) operations or well control situations. Wells that are not properly plugged, in addition becoming an inherent blowout threat, can act as a preferential pathway for surface contaminants to reach and impair ground water quality, and could cause injury to livestock, wildlife, or humans. Hence, federal code (or state code if in state waters) states that the wells must be plugged according to regulations. If attempts with a surface intervention operation fail, a relief type subsurface intervention project is deemed appropriate. A relief well type of intersection into each target wellbore will create a hydraulic flow path suitable for plugging operations. The plugging operation will require the placement of permanent plugging fluids into the Target Well (TW) to meet Mineral Management Services (MMS), or other regulatory agency, approved plugging criteria. Evidently, there is a need to design a method to insure that the scenarios are accurately defined, analyzed and the results can be effectively implemented to complete the plug and abandonment operations. A software package, coupled with the skill of a hydraulic modeling specialist, could provide final resolution to and better understanding of the problem. However, considering uncertainties in some input information, there is a need to develop a multi-purpose package which enables the user to manipulate dynamically a wide range of input data in order to obtain the best fit. Therefore, the decision was made to develop a software package specifically built and designed to address the common problems encountered during well intervention projects. The well intervention toolkit will be used to investigate the plugging and abandonment scenarios. The well intervention toolkit not only provides the critical input parameters to other commercial software but would also be a means to analyze and simulate the well intervention hydraulics

The Fincastle Bison Kill Site (DlOx-5), located in Southern Alberta, Canada, yielded a significant number of archaeological remains, including projectile points, lithic tools, debitage, fire broken rock (FBR) and fauna. The large 81 m2 East Block excavation area provided an opportunity to spatially analyze the remains from this part of the site using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a program that is becoming more widely employed and accepted in archaeology. This research explored the benefits of using a GIS to spatially analyze archaeological sites by using the data collected from the excavations carried out at the Fincastle Site. The process of applying spatial statistical tests and creating distribution maps within the GIS software was outlined, and the results were archaeologically interpreted. It was confirmed that a GIS can perform all of the tasks needed to spatially analyze an archaeological site and the additional benefits make a valuable component of archaeological research. / x, 144 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm

Basic in vitro cell experiments were conducted on the P388 mouse leukaemia cell line to determine whether a supra-additive cell killing effect from combining hyperthermia with ionising radiation exists in the case of leukaemia. Methods were established to measure the cell kill, using a Coulter counter, from hyperthermia alone, radiation alone and several combined regimes. The cell kill from hyperthermia, in the range of 38-50 degrees for 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, and radiation, for 1, 3, 5, 9, 11 and 15 Gy was investigated. The approach used had various limitations, such as the underestimation of cell kill. Consistent trends, however, were found for the hyperthermia and radiation data, in accordance with the literature, which killed cells in a predictable manner. Subsequently, after other preliminary combined experiments were completed, the cell kill from both 5 and 11 Gy combined with hyperthermia at 43, 45 and 47 degrees for 2 hours were investigated. 5 Gy in combination with all levels of hyperthermia resulted in a direct additive cell killing effect. This, however, was not observed for 11 Gy in which a diminished effect was found. The overall level of cell kill from 5 Gy combined with hyperthermia was found to be equal, in the case of 43 degrees, or higher, as for 45 and 47 degrees, to that of those combined with 11 Gy. A supra-additive effect was not observed.

The world is dependent on the production of oil and gas, and every day the demand increases. Technologies have to keep up with the demand of this resource to keep the world running. Since hydrocarbons are finite and will eventually run out, the increasing demand of oil and gas is the impetus to search for oil in more difficult and challenging areas. One challenging area is offshore in ultradeep water, with water depths greater than 5000 ft. This is the new arena for drilling technology. Unfortunately with greater challenges there are greater risks of losing control and blowing out a well. A dynamic kill simulator was developed in late 2004 to model initial conditions of a blowout in ultradeep water and to calculate the minimum kill rate required to kill a blowing well using the dynamic kill method. The simulator was simple and efficient, but had limitations; only vertical wells could be simulated. To keep up with technology, modifications were made to the simulator to model directional wells. COMASim (Cherokee, Offshore Technology Research Center, Minerals Management Service, Texas A&M Simulator) is the name of the dynamic kill simulator. The new version, COMASim1.0, has the ability to model almost any type of wellbore geometry when provided the measured and vertical depths of the well. Eighteen models with varying wellbore geometry were simulated to examine the effects of wellbore geometry on the minimum kill rate requirement. The main observation was that lower kill rate requirement was needed in wells with larger measured depth. COMASim 1.0 cannot determine whether the inputs provided by the user are practical; COMASim 1.0 can only determine if the inputs are incorrect, inconsistent or cannot be computed. If unreasonable drilling scenarios are input, unreasonable outputs will result. COMASim1.0 adds greater functionality to the previous version while maintaining the original framework and simplicity of calculations and usage.

Common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, is a popular game fish species that occurs throughout central and southern Florida, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding their reproductive strategies, including estimates of fecundity with relation to size, age, and condition of the female. These relationships are critical to improving stock assessments and fundamental to estimating spawning potential ratio, the measure by which snook are managed. Spawning snook were collected from a known spawning site, Rattlesnake Key, Tampa Bay, Florida, during three consecutive spawning seasons (2009-2011) and batch fecundity for snook was reported for the first time. Of the 43 females suitable for fecundity analysis, batch fecundity was highly variably and ranged from 258,913 to 2,663,737 eggs. The mean batch fecundity was (984,689 eggs/batch, median = 781,330 eggs/batch) and the mean relative fecundity was 465 eggs/gram body weight (median = 402 eggs/gram body weight). Average batch fecundity did not vary by collection year, despite a severe cold event in the winter of 2010, which killed about 25% of the spawning population. However, analysis of proximate composition indicated that liver lipid percent was significantly reduced in 2010, likely due to reduced prey availability, increased energetic expenditures, or both, while enduring and recovering from cold exposure. A significant positive relationship in 2009 between batch fecundity and condition was reported that entirely disappeared in 2010. Additionally, in a preliminary investigation, we detected sub-population differences between known-spawning `bay fish' and `river fish' using barium as an indicator of freshwater habitat usage via otolith microchemistry. Our results are directly relevant to enhancing stock assessments and indicated that reproductive strategies of snook are both complicated and robust. Future research should further investigate reproductive strategies (e.g. skipped spawning) and possible sub-population life history, as both can have significant impacts on stock assessment models.

The worst scenario of drilling operation is blowout which is uncontrolled flow of formation fluid into the wellbore. Blowouts result in environmental damage with potential risk of injuries and fatalities. Although not all blowouts result in disaster, outcomes of blowouts are unknown and should be studied before starting an operation. Plans should be available to prevent blowouts or provide safe and secure ways of controlling the well before the drilling operation starts. The plan should include procedures in case of any blowout incident as a proactive measure. A few commercial softwares are available in the industry for dynamic kill and transient modeling. All models are proprietary and very complex which reduces the flexibility of the program for specific cases. The purpose of this study is to develop a pseudo transient hydraulic simulator for dynamic kill operations. The idea and concept is to consider the flow of each phase as a single phase flow. The summation of hydrostatic and frictional pressure of each phase determines the bottomhole pressure during the dynamic kill operation. The simulator should be versatile and capable of handling special cases that may encounter during blowouts. Some of the main features of the proposed dynamic kill simulator include; quick and robust simulation, fluid properties are corrected for pressure and temperature, sensitivity analysis can be performed through slide bars, and capable of handling variety of wellbore trajectories. The results from the proposed simulator were compared to the result of commercial software, OLGA ABC. The results were in agreement with each other. It is recommended to apply the simulator for operations with required kill fluid volumes of one to two wellbore volumes.

Basic in vitro cell experiments were conducted on the P388 mouse leukaemia cell line to determine whether a supra-additive cell killing effect from combining hyperthermia with ionising radiation exists in the case of leukaemia. Methods were established to measure the cell kill, using a Coulter counter, from hyperthermia alone, radiation alone and several combined regimes. The cell kill from hyperthermia, in the range of 38-50 degrees for 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, and radiation, for 1, 3, 5, 9, 11 and 15 Gy was investigated. The approach used had various limitations, such as the underestimation of cell kill. Consistent trends, however, were found for the hyperthermia and radiation data, in accordance with the literature, which killed cells in a predictable manner. Subsequently, after other preliminary combined experiments were completed, the cell kill from both 5 and 11 Gy combined with hyperthermia at 43, 45 and 47 degrees for 2 hours were investigated. 5 Gy in combination with all levels of hyperthermia resulted in a direct additive cell killing effect. This, however, was not observed for 11 Gy in which a diminished effect was found. The overall level of cell kill from 5 Gy combined with hyperthermia was found to be equal, in the case of 43 degrees, or higher, as for 45 and 47 degrees, to that of those combined with 11 Gy. A supra-additive effect was not observed.

Yes / Cyber attack is a sensitive issue in the world of Internet security. Governments and business organisations around the world are providing enormous effort to secure their data. They are using various types of tools and techniques to keep the business running, while adversaries are trying to breach security and send malicious software such as botnets, viruses, trojans etc., to access valuable data. Everyday the situation is getting worse because of new types of malware emerging to attack networks. It is important to understand those attacks both before and after they happen in order to provide better security to our systems. Understanding attack models provide more insight into network vulnerability; which in turn can be used to protect the network from future attacks. In the cyber security world, it is difficult to predict a potential attack without understanding the vulnerability of the network. So, it is important to analyse the network to identify top possible vulnerability list, which will give an intuitive idea to protect the network. Also, handling an ongoing attack poses significant risk on the network and valuable data, where prompt action is necessary. Proper utilisation of attack modelling techniques provide advance planning, which can be implemented rapidly during an ongoing attack event. This paper aims to analyse various types of existing attack modelling techniques to understand the vulnerability of the network; and the behaviour and goals of the adversary. The ultimate goal is to handle cyber attack in efficient manner using attack modelling techniques.