The aim of this thesis survival of thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) and Escherichia coli during vermicomposting is to assess the ability of the earthworm Eisenia species (Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida) to reduce the number of these pathogens in the process of vermicomposting. To prove or disprove the hypothesis that vermicomposting process is able to eliminate the number of these pathogenic organisms, an experiment was conducted at the research facility FAPPZ in Červený Újezd, which was followed by eight-week laboratory experiment carried out in the laboratory of SZÚ in Prague. Vermicomposting is a process whereby it is possible to decompose various kinds of biodegradable material of plant or animal origin. In the experiment only the substrates of vegetable nature - apple pomace and marc were compared with each other. These plant materials were mixed in a ratio of 75 % of preprocessed material and 25 % of the fresh material. 50 g of this mixture was inserted into each individual perforated container. The laboratory experiment included four variants of samples suspension/ earthworms, suspension/ without earthworms with the addition of the inoculum and control variants without inoculum (without suspension/ without earthworms and without suspension/ earthworms). To inoculated variants it was added the exact amount of pathogenic organisms, Escherichia coli (2,1.107 cfu/ g) and TCB (6,1.108 cfu/ g) and to the respective variants additional 2.5 g of earthworms. These samples were analyzed on two-week intervals in a lab (beginning November 9, 2015, then November 23, 2015, December 7, 2015, December 21, 2015, January 4, 2016). Prior to the microbiological analysis the earthworms were always removed and their weight and vitality were determined. Also the initial substrates were examined to define the total number of microorganisms (CPM) growing at 30°C to assess the impact of their own composting process on the development of microbial communities. For marc it was CPM 9,4.106 cfu/ g and for apple pomace 1,2.107 cfu/ g. The results of individual variations were compared with one another. According to the results, earthworms influence acceleration of the process of reducing the number of pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria, when even during the period of the experiment a complete elimination of the pathogen occurred. However, there is no clear evidence to the degree of how much earthworms participate on the elimination and how much of that was caused by the actual process of composting. The largest decline in the number of monitored pathogens was always observed during the second week of the experiment, then the decrease was only moderate. The results of monitoring the reduction of thermotolerant coliform bacteria suggest that the presence of earthworms in the substrate has no significant impact on the reduction of these pathogens. Initial substrate contained high initial quantity of CPM, so it can be assumed that the reduction in the number of TCB was mainly influenced by the actual composting process. The complete elimination of TCB did not occur. In this case it is necessary to extend the testing period to prove or disprove the hypothesis whether vermicomposting process is capable of eliminating these pathogens. Details of the experiment are thoroughly described in the methodology of this thesis and the results of the experiment are summarized in the results section.

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This dissertation deals with evaluation and testing of food packiging materials antimicrobial aktivity that contain plant extracts and help in the fight against Eschericia coli and other coliform bacteria. This dissertation is divided into several parts. The first half of the work contains a literature review publishing about packaging materials containing plant extracts. It is also focused on literature review on the coliform bacteria, especially Escherichia coli genus, describes these microorganisms and their metabolic products, the effects of metabolic products which may negatively affect human health. Another part deals with measures to prevent undesirable microorganisms. The second half of the work has been engaged in actual testing of packaging materials containing plant extracts on relevant model organisms or directly on food. Data, acquired by testing are processed, compared with the figures in the available literatures and are listed at the end of work.

This master thesis is focusing on analysis of two kinds of confectionary products: nutty and lemon balls. The samples were analysed and they determinate the numbers of total count of bacteria, number of S. aureus, yeast and microscopic fungi, coliforms bacteria and E. coli, detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, S. aureus (strain CCM 5974) was inoculated in the samples. These samples determinate the number of S. aureus and possibility of the production an enterotoxins of S. aureus. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected with the reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA). The result of determination is that the numbers of total count of bacteria influence of storage period the number was reduced (p<0,05). Statistical differences were not found between the nutty and the lemon balls (p>0,05). During the first and the second analysis was found growth of yeast and microscopic fungi in the nutty balls. In the lemon balls was found a growth of yeast and microscopically fungi during the first analyses and in one sample only. Also the number of bacteria was reduced with S. aureus (p<0,05). There were not found any statistical differences between the nutty and the lemon balls (p>0,05). The number of E. coli was not found in any our samples. The coliform bacterium was found only with the first and the second analysis in the nutty samples. In the lemon samples the coliform bacterium was found only in the first analysis. During the first detection of Salmonella spp. were found four colonies of this bacterium in the nutty samples. Colonies of Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in any of these samples. Microbiological analysis of inoculated sample confirms that our confectionary products are not suitable for growth of pathogenic microorganism S. aureus. It also proves that between the nutty and the lemon samples were no statistical difference (p>0,05). During the inoculation was proven that S. aureus (CCM 5974) with concentration 1,2.105 CFU.g-1 is capable to form in products enterotoxins, which stays in products in contrast with S. aureus, after a certain period of time.

The aim of this thesis is to monitor how the amount of water (water activity) affects the amount of microorganisms is selected packaged meat products from the point of view standards, which specify their specific requirements for the health safety of these products. The first part of this work describes various types of packaging materials of meat products, the microorganisms that occur in them and the definition of water activity. The second part describes the actual measurement of water activity and the measurement of the occurrence of microorganisms and coliforms, from selection of suitable meat products, their types of packaging, sample preparation and evaluation of measured methods. The results showed, that the activity of water affects the occurrence of microorganisms and coliforms, in that the higher the activity of water, the higher microorganisms presence.

The goal of diploma thesis was a comparison of potable water indicators in representative areas of the south Bohemia. Monitored period had been from January 2012 till December 2014. Monitored parameters were microbiological indicators (Escherichia coli, coliform microbes, number of colonies at 22°C, number of colonies at 36°C, organoleptic indicators (color, turbidity, smell, taste). Physical and chemical indicators (ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, chemical consumption of oxygen, chlorides, conductivity, manganese, pH, sulphates, calcium and magnesium, iron). From the total complex of 1165 data, there were 23 values over the limit (1,97%) of evaluation of all monitored quality indicators (microbiological, organoleptic, physical and chemical). In evaluation of microbiological indicators, there were 6 values (1,97%) over the limit, from total 304 data. In organoleptic indicators, there was 1 value (0,44%) over the limit, from total 227 data. In evaluation of physical and chemical indicators, there were 16 values (2,52%) over the limit, from total 634 data. In total, there are 23 values which don´t meet determined limits from The Regulation No. 252/2004 and EU directives. There are these values of limits - number of colonies at 22°C, number of colonies at 36°C, turbidity, manganese, calcium and iron.

Cílem této diplomové práce je provést analýzu vybraných ukazatelů kvality pitné vody a posouzení faktorů, které ji ovlivňují. V první části jsou zachyceny vybrané mikrobiologické ukazatele, tak jak je popisuje literatura, včetně platných norem a vyhlášek. Druhá část popisuje průběh provádění vlastní analýzy, z poskytnutých materiálů akreditovanou laboratoří společnosti AGRO-LA, spol. s r. o., až po vyhodnocení získaných výsledků.