This dissertation is devoted to a study of the homo diegetic, extra diegetic narrator (terms derived from Genets). The main premise was to study the child as narrator, to differentiate between the child as narrator and the adult narrator, to peg down specific problems but also to show the advantages of the child narrator over the a adult narrator. With Genette as basis the writer has tried to clear up the widespread confusion in the literary world between the narrator who presents the narrative and the character whose consciousness orients the perspective, the who speaks and who sees of Genette. The first part of the study provides a theoretical background to the second part and is largely based on the typology of Gerard Genette. As the youthful reader is the most likely reader of the three chosen texts (Skrik kom huis toe by Dolf van Niekerk, Woorde is soos wars by Rona Rupert and Boom bomer boomste (Tree-more, tree-most - translated by Eve Merchant, 1983) by Elsabe Steenberg), a chapter in the first part is devoted to an investigation of the enforceability of the criterion used to differentiate between books meant for adults and books meant for children. Concerning these texts the writer’ s contention is that the degree of presence of the narrator as well as die placing of emphasis, either on the narrator or on the character whose perspective orients the narrative (the one who focalizes), determine the specific perspective of the narration. Personal traits of characters are often revealed by their respective objects of focalization. The three short novels previously mentioned are thematically related, but because of the specific handling of the narrator and of focalization in each, a multiplicity of perspectives is opened. In Skrik kom huis toe, the younger, experiencing self is emphasised. Albert's vision , and not that of the narrator, orients the narrative to such an extent that the reader easily identifies with his personal existential crisis. The voice of a narrating instance is barely discernible and has, for all practical purposes, no role in the text. The protagonist focalizes intently upon matters of personal concern and thus reveals an egocentric personality. The thinly populated narrative space as well as the bleakness of this space suggests something of the unhappiness and utter loneliness of the boy, Albert. In Woorde is soos wors, which is thematically related to the previous work , a completely different perspective is revealed because of the accent falling on the narrating instance himself. Uncommon in Afrikaans, the use of het ge- is sustained throughout the text, thereby undeniably creating a distance between the narrator and history. In contrast to the previous text the narrator emphasizes the fact that his experiences be long t o a distant past. Direct identification with an experiencing self is ruled out because of the out spoken diegetic nature of the text. The stress falls on the event rather than on the experience there of. The protagonist seldom focalizes and if he does this text is obviously imbedded in the text of the narrator. His world is nevertheless populated by a variety of people with whom he, without except ion, relates positively. The narrative space shows a much greater variety and is more colourful than that of Skrik kom huis toe . This s is meaningful in the characterization of the protagonist, Josias / MA, PU vir CHO, 1984

This dissertation is devoted to a study of the homodiegetic, extradiegetic narrator (terms derived from Genette). The main premise was to study the child as narrator, to differentiate between the child as narrator and the adult narrator, to peg down specific problems but also to show the advantages of the child narrator over the adult narrator. With Genette as basis the writer has tried to clear up the widespread confusion in the literary world between the narrator who presents the narrative and the character whose consciousness orients the perspective, the who speaks and who sees of Genette. The first part of the study provides a theoretical background to the second part and is largely based on the typology of Gerard Genette. As the youthful reader is the most likely reader of the three chosen texts (Skrik kom huis toe by Dolf van Niekerk, Woorde is soos wors by Rona Rupert and Boom bomer boomste (Tree-more, tree-most - translated by Eve Merchant, 1983) by Elsabe Steenberg), a chapter in the first part is devoted to an investigation of the enforceability of the criterion used to differentiate between books meant for adults and books meant for children. Concerning these texts the writer 1 s contention is that the degree of presence of the narrator as well as die placing of emphasis, either on the narrator or on the character whose perspective orients the narrative (the one who focalizes), determine the specific perspective of the narration. Personal traits of characters are often revealed by their respective objects of focalization. The three short novels previously mentioned are thematically related, but because of the specific handling of the narrator and of focalization in each, a multiplicity of perspectives is opened. In Skrik kom huis toe, the younger, experiencing self is emphasised. Albert's vision , and not that of the narrator, orients the narrative to such an extent that the reader easily identifies with his personal existential crisis. The voice of a narrating instance is barely discernible and has, for all practical purposes, no role in the text. The protagonist focalizes intent1y upon matters of personal concern and thus reveals an egocentric personality. The thinly populated narrative space as well as the bleakness of this space suggests something of the unhappiness and utter loneliness of the boy, Albert. In Woorde is soos wors, which is thematically related to the previous work , a completely different perspective is revealed because of the accent falling on the narrating instance himself. Uncommon in Afrikaans , the use of het ge- is sustained throughout the text, thereby undeniably creating a distance between the narrator and his story. In contrast to the previous text the narrator emphasizes the fact that his experiences belong to a distant past. Direct identification with an experiencing self is ruled out because of the outspoken diegetic nature of the text. The stress fall s on the event rather than on the experience thereof. The protagonist seldom focalizes and if he does this text is obviously imbedded in the text of the narrator. His world is nevertheless populated by a variety of people with whom he, without exception, relates positively. The narrative space shows a much greater variety and is more colourful than that of Skrik kom huis toe. This is meaningful in the characterization of the protagonist, Josias. / MA, PU vir CHO, 1984

This dissertation is devoted to a study of the homodiegetic, extradiegetic narrator (terms derived from Genette). The main premise was to study the child as narrator, to differentiate between the child as narrator and the adult narrator, to peg down specific problems but also to show the advantages of the child narrator over the adult narrator. With Genette as basis the writer has tried to clear up the widespread confusion in the literary world between the narrator who presents the narrative and the character whose consciousness orients the perspective, the who speaks and who sees of Genette. The first part of the study provides a theoretical background to the second part and is largely based on the typology of Gerard Genette. As the youthful reader is the most likely reader of the three chosen texts (Skrik kom huis toe by Dolf van Niekerk, Woorde is soos wors by Rona Rupert and Boom bomer boomste (Tree-more, tree-most - translated by Eve Merchant, 1983) by Elsabe Steenberg), a chapter in the first part is devoted to an investigation of the enforceability of the criterion used to differentiate between books meant for adults and books meant for children. Concerning these texts the writer 1 s contention is that the degree of presence of the narrator as well as die placing of emphasis, either on the narrator or on the character whose perspective orients the narrative (the one who focalizes), determine the specific perspective of the narration. Personal traits of characters are often revealed by their respective objects of focalization. The three short novels previously mentioned are thematically related, but because of the specific handling of the narrator and of focalization in each, a multiplicity of perspectives is opened. In Skrik kom huis toe, the younger, experiencing self is emphasised. Albert's vision , and not that of the narrator, orients the narrative to such an extent that the reader easily identifies with his personal existential crisis. The voice of a narrating instance is barely discernible and has, for all practical purposes, no role in the text. The protagonist focalizes intent1y upon matters of personal concern and thus reveals an egocentric personality. The thinly populated narrative space as well as the bleakness of this space suggests something of the unhappiness and utter loneliness of the boy, Albert. In Woorde is soos wors, which is thematically related to the previous work , a completely different perspective is revealed because of the accent falling on the narrating instance himself. Uncommon in Afrikaans , the use of het ge- is sustained throughout the text, thereby undeniably creating a distance between the narrator and his story. In contrast to the previous text the narrator emphasizes the fact that his experiences belong to a distant past. Direct identification with an experiencing self is ruled out because of the outspoken diegetic nature of the text. The stress fall s on the event rather than on the experience thereof. The protagonist seldom focalizes and if he does this text is obviously imbedded in the text of the narrator. His world is nevertheless populated by a variety of people with whom he, without exception, relates positively. The narrative space shows a much greater variety and is more colourful than that of Skrik kom huis toe. This is meaningful in the characterization of the protagonist, Josias. / MA, PU vir CHO, 1984

This dissertation is devoted to a study of the homo diegetic, extra diegetic narrator (terms derived from Genets). The main premise was to study the child as narrator, to differentiate between the child as narrator and the adult narrator, to peg down specific problems but also to show the advantages of the child narrator over the a adult narrator. With Genette as basis the writer has tried to clear up the widespread confusion in the literary world between the narrator who presents the narrative and the character whose consciousness orients the perspective, the who speaks and who sees of Genette. The first part of the study provides a theoretical background to the second part and is largely based on the typology of Gerard Genette. As the youthful reader is the most likely reader of the three chosen texts (Skrik kom huis toe by Dolf van Niekerk, Woorde is soos wars by Rona Rupert and Boom bomer boomste (Tree-more, tree-most - translated by Eve Merchant, 1983) by Elsabe Steenberg), a chapter in the first part is devoted to an investigation of the enforceability of the criterion used to differentiate between books meant for adults and books meant for children. Concerning these texts the writer’ s contention is that the degree of presence of the narrator as well as die placing of emphasis, either on the narrator or on the character whose perspective orients the narrative (the one who focalizes), determine the specific perspective of the narration. Personal traits of characters are often revealed by their respective objects of focalization. The three short novels previously mentioned are thematically related, but because of the specific handling of the narrator and of focalization in each, a multiplicity of perspectives is opened. In Skrik kom huis toe, the younger, experiencing self is emphasised. Albert's vision , and not that of the narrator, orients the narrative to such an extent that the reader easily identifies with his personal existential crisis. The voice of a narrating instance is barely discernible and has, for all practical purposes, no role in the text. The protagonist focalizes intently upon matters of personal concern and thus reveals an egocentric personality. The thinly populated narrative space as well as the bleakness of this space suggests something of the unhappiness and utter loneliness of the boy, Albert. In Woorde is soos wors, which is thematically related to the previous work , a completely different perspective is revealed because of the accent falling on the narrating instance himself. Uncommon in Afrikaans, the use of het ge- is sustained throughout the text, thereby undeniably creating a distance between the narrator and history. In contrast to the previous text the narrator emphasizes the fact that his experiences be long t o a distant past. Direct identification with an experiencing self is ruled out because of the out spoken diegetic nature of the text. The stress falls on the event rather than on the experience there of. The protagonist seldom focalizes and if he does this text is obviously imbedded in the text of the narrator. His world is nevertheless populated by a variety of people with whom he, without except ion, relates positively. The narrative space shows a much greater variety and is more colourful than that of Skrik kom huis toe . This s is meaningful in the characterization of the protagonist, Josias / MA, PU vir CHO, 1984

My graduation thesis deals with the floatation of a new estate agency, called REALITY-KOM. The objective of my thesis is to create the company characteristics of the surrounding area and analyse the market company will be starting up in and formulate a business plan for the company.

Sammanfattning Syfte: Utvecklingen inom bygg- och anläggningssektorn går emot att företag måste bidra positivt till samhället där de är verksamma för att få kontrakt på entreprenader inom offentlig upphandling, exempelvis genom att bidra till den sociala hållbarheten. Sverige är ett av flera länder i Europa som sticker ut med initiativet att främja och förbättra det samhällsutvecklande arbetet som företag gör. Social hållbarhet kan defi-nieras med orden; hälsa, utbildning, säkerhet, styrning, samhällsengagemang och lika förutsättningar. Målet med arbetet är att ge insyn och exempel på medelstora kommu-ners syn på social hållbarhet i upphandlingar av bygg- och anläggningsentreprenader. Metod: Litteraturstudier, dokumentanalyser och intervjuer har genomförts. Tillsam-mans utgör de en fallstudie av tre medelstora kommuner. Litteraturstudierna har ge-nomförts för att skapa ett teoretiskt ramverk för arbetet. Dokumentanalyser av doku-ment från kommunerna har varit del av empiriinsamlingen. Intervjuer med företrädare för organisationer inom kommunerna som upphandlar bygg- och anläggningsentre-prenader har genomförts som en del av empiriinsamlingen. Resultat: Diskrepans rådde mellan intervjurespondenternas uppgifter angående socia-la krav i upphandlingar av bygg- och anläggningsentreprenader och kommunala poli-tiska beslut. Respondenterna ansåg i stort att politiska initiativ angående sociala krav i nämnda upphandlingar saknades. Politiska beslut och upprättade dokument påvisade att motsatsen skulle råda; kommunernas arbete med social hållbarhet var högst aktivt enligt politikerna. Konsekvenser: Intresset i frågan angående sociala krav i upphandlingar av bygg- och anläggningsentreprenader är påtagligt från såväl politiker som tjänstemän. En utökad kommunikation dem emellan är av stor vikt för arbetets utveckling. Begränsningar: Studien utfördes inom tre medelstora kommuner i före detta Skara-borgs län. Regional utveckling i frågan om social hållbarhet kan ha påverkat kommu-nerna i en gemensam riktning avskild från andra delar av landet. / Abstract Purpose: The current development in the construction sector is trending towards a required positive contribution to the society in which they're active in order to procure construction contracts in the public sector, for example by contributing to social sus-tainability. Sweden is one of several European countries that stand out in the initiative to further and improve the socially developing work done by companies. Social sus-tainability can be defined as follows: health, education, public safety, government, social engagement and equal opportunity. The aim of this work is to provide perspec-tive and examples of midsized municipalities' thoughts on social sustainability in pro-curement of construction contracts. Method: Literary studies, document analysis, and interviews have been conducted. Together, they embody a case study of three midsized municipalities. The literary studies were conducted in order to create a theoretical framework for the essay. Doc-ument analyses of documents from the municipalities have been a part in the empiri-cal acquisition process. Interviews with representatives from municipal organisations which procure construction contracts have been conducted as part of the empirical acquisition process. Findings: There was a discrepancy between the information provided by the inter-viewees regarding the social demands in the procurement of construction contracts and the political decisions made by the municipalities. The interviewees usually posit-ed that political demands in these procurements were thoroughly lacking or nonexist-ent. Political decisions and established documents showed the opposite; municipal work with social sustainability was very active according to the politicians. Implications: The interest in the question of social demands in the procurement of construction contracts is significant, both from politicians and white collar workers. An expanded communication between the two is of grave importance for the devel-opment in the sector. Limitations: This study was conducted in three midsized municipalities in what used to be the fief of Skaraborg. Regional development in the question of social sustaina-bility may have affected the municipalities in a collective direction without regards to the rest of the country.

Offentlig upphandling är inte endast ett sätt att tillförskaffa sig varor, utan kan också användas som ett samhällspolitiskt instrument för att verka för sociala mål som ställts upp. Hur de varor och tjänster som upphandlas produceras inverkar på de arbetsrättsliga och sociala förhållandena i leverantörskedjan, och genom att ställa sociala krav vid en offentlig upphandling kan den upphandlande myndigheten förstärka förtroendet hos invånarna. Trots en omfattande EU-rättslig reglering på området är det idag dock osäkert vilka möjligheter den upphandlande myndigheten ges att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav på leverantören av upphandlingsföremålet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda i vilken omfattning en upphandlande myndighet kan ställa arbetsrättsliga krav vid en offentlig upphandling, samt utreda om förslaget till nytt klassiskt upphandlingsdirektiv kommer innebära några förändringar för den upphandlande myndigheten vad gäller möjligheten att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav.  Av uppsatsen framkommer att det inte finns någon klar gräns vilka arbetsrättsliga krav den upphandlande myndigheten får ställa på leverantören vid en offentlig upphandling. Den största möjligheten att ställa ett arbetsrättsligt krav torde föreligga om kravet ställs såsom ett tilldelningskriterium, då EU-domstolen har klargjort att sociala krav får ställas för att tillgodose behov hos personer samt att ett tilldelningskriterium inte behöver vara kopplat till upphandlingsföremålet, utan det kan vara kopplat till hur en vara eller tjänst produceras. Förändringarna i förslaget till nytt klassiskt upphandlingsdirektiv innebär inte att möjligheterna att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav vid en offentlig upphandling ökar, dock ges den upphandlande myndigheten genom förslaget mer stöd i valet av vilka arbetsrättsliga krav som är tillåtna att ställa. / Public procurement is not only a method to acquire goods, but can also be used as a sociopolitical device to gain social visions. The method that supplied goods and services are produced by affect the labor and social conditions in the supply chain. By acquiring social conditions in a public procurement the procuring authority may strengthen the reliance of the citizens. Despite a comprehensive EU legislation in the area, it is uncertain which labor requirements the procuring authority may impose the supplier. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent a procuring authority may impose labor requirements in a public procurement, and to investigate if the proposal to a new procurement directive will result in an opportunity to impose labor requirements on the supplier. This thesis has concluded that it is not clear what labor requirements the procuring authority may demand the supplier of a public procurement. The biggest opportunity to demand a labor requirement to a supplier is by using award criteria. The Court of Justice of the European Union have clarified that social requirements may be used to meet needs of individuals and that award criteria do not need to be connected to the object of the procurement, but can be connected to the production of the goods or services of the contract. The thesis has also shown that the changes in the proposal to a new procurement directive do not increase the possibilities to require labor requirements in a public procurement. However, it does give the procuring authority further support in the choice of which labor requirements it may require.

The reign of Amenhotep III represents one of the most crucial period of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Over the course of this dynasty, royal ideology, as a major means of power of the Egyptian ruler, was constantly being developed and underwent significant alterations. One long lasting debate has focused on the possibility that Amenhotep III was already deified during his lifetime, but up to now no detailed study that would analyse contemporary documents, whether connected to the king himself or related to his officials, has taken place. The aim of this thesis was to find and answer to this question by means of an analysis of written and iconographic sources from both the royal sphere as well as the domain of the officials. The result of this research, based among others on an in-depth study of the names, epithets and iconography of the ruler, indicates that Amenhotep III was already deified during his life and it allows even the definition of his divine characteristics and aspects as a solar god. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title Traitors or Victims? Contribution to the mentality of the Czech resistance fighters in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Abstract The thesis presents four resistance fighters from COM D's group in extreme situations. In these situations the thesis monitors their mentality. The term mentality refers to a way of thinking, which shows the behavior of the person concerned. Paratroopers of this group have not yet been given enough attention, work contributes to the detection of pre-war and post- war fates of paratroopers. Thesis offers, based on acquired information on the socio- demographic backgrounds, political orientation, and also on how a parachutist were handled by the Gestapo, comparing their behavior in crucial situations. Keywords III. illegal Central Committee of the Communist Party, the Gestapo, KOM D, an informer, mentality, resistance, paratrooper, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

As a natural composite material, wood exhibits complex structural char-acteristics and diverse behavior under compression and tensile forces. Itsanisotropic nature results in mechanical properties that vary depending onthe load direction along its longitudinal, tangential, and radial grains. An im-portant property of anisotropic materials is the modulus of elasticity, whichrelates stress to strain and demonstrates directional variations.This study focuses on investigating the mechanical properties of pinewood,particularly stiffness, and deformation, in the longitudinal direction duringcompression, taking into account the effect of the sample size. The digitalimage correlation (DIC) method is utilized to measure deformation, an op-tical technique that involves tracking motion in DIC patterns. Wood, beinga renewable and natural composite resource, has been widely used as a con-struction material and for various other purposes for centuries. Its physicaland mechanical properties encompass a broad spectrum influenced by factorssuch as species, moisture content, density, and temperature.This research aims to analyze the size-dependent effects on deformation andstiffness in pine wood samples using the DIC method. Initially, three sam-ple sizes were compared, namely 10 × 10 × 10mm3, 20 × 20 × 20mm3, and25 × 25 × 100mm3 these were selected based on Afshar (2022) and Walley& Rogers (2022). However, the sample size of 20 × 20 × 20mm3 producedinsufficient results due to equipment limitations to test them under sufficientload. Among the remaining sample groups, nine specimens from each groupwere tested and compared in terms of stiffness and deformation. The exper-imental results did not provide statistically significant data supporting thepresence of a noticeable size effect between the dimensions of the samples10 × 10 × 10mm3 and 25 × 25 × 100mm3. / Trä är ett förnybart och naturligt kompositmaterial och har i århundradenanvänts som byggmaterial och för olika ändamål. Dess fysikaliska och mekaniskaegenskaper omfattar ett brett spektrum som påverkas av faktorer som fuk-thalt, densitet och temperatur. Trä som ett naturligt kompositmaterial ochdess komplexa strukturella egenskaper visar varierande beteende vid tryckoch dragkrafter. Träets anisotropa natur gör att dess mekaniska egenskapervarierar beroende på belastningsriktning, längs dess längd, tangential ellerradial riktning. För anisotropa material är elasticitetsmodulen en viktig egen-skap som varierar längs de olika riktningarna. Vilket är ett samband mellanspänning och deformationen och visar riktningsvariationer.Den här studien syftar till att undersöka de mekaniska egenskaper hos furu.Den här studien undersöker storleks-effekt i materialet furus styvhet och de-formationen längs fiberriktning (längd) vid kompression med hjälp av DigitalImage Correlation (DIC). Metoden DIC är en optisk teknik som mäter de-formationen hos material med hjälp av spårningsmönster på materialet.För att se storleks effekten hos trä jämfördes initiellt tre provstorlekar, näm-ligen 10 × 10 × 10mm3, 20 × 20 × 20mm3, och 25 × 25 × 100mm3 dessa provs-torlekar valdes baserat på Afshar (2022) och Walley & Rogers (2022). Dockproducerade provstorleken 20 × 20 × 20mm3 otillräckliga resultat på grundav begränsningar i utrustningen för att testa dem under tillräcklig belast-ning. Bland de återstående provgrupperna testades och jämfördes nio provfrån varje grupp när det gäller styvhet och deformation. De experimentellaresultaten gav inte statistiskt signifikanta data som stödjer förekomsten aven märkbar storlekseffekt mellan dimensionerna hos proven 10 × 10 × 10mm3och 25 × 25 × 100mm3.