The International Criminal Court and the principle of complementarity Abstract The principle of complementarity is often referred to as the cornerstone of the International Criminal Court's functioning ("Court" or "ICC"), so the purpose of my thesis is to analyze complementarity in more detail. The Preamble of the Rome Statute ("Statute") provides that the Court "shall be complementary to national criminal jurisdictions". Complementarity means that the ICC will act only when domestic authorities fail to take the certain steps in the investigation or prosecution of crimes enumerated under article 5 of the Statute. My thesis consists of seven chapters. First three chapters are introductory and show a historical and practical background of the establishment of the ICC. Chapter four explains that there exist various forms of the relationship between an international criminal jurisdiction and national jurisdictions, not just complementary. This chapter is subdivided into several parts which firstly describe a particular forms of these relationships and then give an example of such a relations existing in reality. The following chapter inquires into the roots of complementary idea. It highlights that the principle of complementarity included in the Statute was not the outcome of the International Law Commission's...

The present study describes the nature, scope and application of universal jurisdiction as an important tool against impunity in international criminal law, in a straight forward manner, where inquiry into the recent developments of universal jurisdiction is undertaken. Forthwith, the formation of the principle of universal jurisdiction - especially its practical application - must be guided by international consensus, not through advocacy action of states with short term and narrow objectives. The thesis seeks to identify and observe how far the law of universal jurisdiction has actually evolved and how far we should expect it to evolve in the near future, considering its restrains and challenges. It is argued that the concept of state sovereignty, which constitutes the greatest impediment on the exercise of universal jurisdiction, has seen various changes to its fundamentals elements in the 21st Century. The aim is to look at the universality principle, not as an isolated part, but as part of a broader framework in modern international law and thus special attention is given to the relationship between universal jurisdiction and the principle of aut dedere aut judicare. These principles are interrelated, yet distinct, parallels in deterring commission of the most heinous offences of international...

This diploma thesis on the application of logical, empirical and statistical methods defined the role of the complementarity principle in the preparation of experts in the field of the protection of population in the framework of a quantitative research. The complementarity principle is characterized in the thesis in general (working with two expressions, both of them are necessary to explain the nature of the problem but cannot be used simultaneously, e.g. expressions "analysis" and "synthesis"). The diploma thesis then defined the physical aspect of the complementarity principle the wave-corpuscular dualism, the position and the momentum, the energy and the time. The comparison of the basics of the protection of population with the structure of the physical aspect of the complementarity principle followed. The performed comparison was adjusted to the needs and possibilities of future experts in the field of the protection of population on the basis of the theory of the curriculum process. The steps are clear from the set of objectives which were fulfilled gradually in the thesis: 1) To systematically describe the general form of the complementarity principle and its physical application from the point of view of the theory of the curriculum process. 2) To create a structure of the system of emergencies from the point of view of a scientific field of the protection of population and to focus on its educational aspect for the preparation of experts. 3) To perform the comparison of the physical aspect and emergencies with the general form of the complementarity principle. To transfer the findings, a theory of curriculum process was used. The link between a more generally approached complementarity principle and the protection of population was explained in the framework of a conceptual curriculum. The theory connecting these two different fields is the more generally approached complementarity principle and especially Bohr's complementarity principle linking not only the wave-corpuscular dualism but also Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. The physical aspect of emergencies was adjusted to the possibilities and needs of students (the intended curriculum) and written down in an educational text which was provided to students (the project curriculum). The practicality of the educational test was verified by an educational test the results of which were statistically processed (implemented curriculum). The statistical analysis of the test results confirmed the second hypothesis of this work. "The knowledge of future experts in the field of the protection of population will have, from the point of view of the role of the complementarity principle in their preparation, a theoretical division which will be close to the normal division." By confirming this hypothesis, the correctness and applicability of the curriculum process were confirmed as it was assumed by the first hypothesis: "Using the stages of a curriculum process, an educational basis of the role of the complementarity principle can be created within a quantitative research." The contributions of this work can be summarized by following points: 1) The use of an educational text in the preparation of experts in the field of the protection of population (a practical contribution of this diploma thesis). 2) The improvement of the applicability of the theory of the curriculum process in the field of the protection of population which has not been researched so far (the improvement of the theory of the curriculum process). 3) The definition of the link of the physical aspect of the complementarity principle to the general form of this principle (the theoretical contribution of this diploma thesis).