Knowledge is a strategically important resource to improve competition superiority of an organization. It plays a vital role in healthcare enterprises where knowledge is widely used as the major part of their basic resource. The rapid growing in medical laboratory technology has also enabled this field to be highly professional and knowledge¡Vintensive. To maintain the accuracy and credibility of the documentation and to improve the quality of the service, the personnel in a medical laboratory have to preserve and share their knowledge through the invisible process of creation and dissemination in a highly efficient way. It is considered of great benefit to improve the efficiency of knowledge management in a medical laboratory. We conduct a study to focus on improving the efficiency of knowledge management in the operation of a medical laboratory. We studied the application of knowledge management in a medical laboratory in a military hospital in southern Taiwan. The actuator elements of knowledge management from Arthur Anderson¡¦s model, consisting of leadership, enterprise¡¦s culture, information technology and performance appraisal, were used to construct a questionnaire. The questionnaires were mailed to chiefs of medical laboratories in medical centers. The opinion of personnel in the medical laboratory of a military hospital was surveyed with the questionnaires. We tried to find out the obstacles of promotion, key success factors and case strategy in knowledge management and build up strategy of promotion and performance measurement. Result: I. The current promotion obstacles in the medical laboratory A. The leading three ones are lack of incentive and objective evaluation in performance measurement dimension, lack of community in organizational culture and lack of integration in information technology dimension. B. The least three ones are lack of dedicated team in information technology dimension, unwilling to share in organizational culture dimension and lack of insight in leadership dimension. II. The key success factors in the promotion of knowledge management in the medical laboratory: The priority is the cognition and endorsement of executives, the willingness to communicate and share, and education and training. Finally, a strategic map was constructed according to balanced score card theory in the hope of creation of a reference in knowledge management in the medical laboratory.