La question des sanctions est centrale lorsqu’est ouvert le débat relatif à l’effectivité du droit de la représentation collective des salariés dans l’entreprise. Chargée de protéger les valeurs essentielles de la société, la voie pénale doit être réservée aux atteintes portées aux prérogatives des instances de représentation du personnel lesquelles présentent un caractère fondamental. Pour le surplus, il est des sanctions, d’ordre administratif ou civil, plus efficaces. Reste que la seule restriction du champ pénal ne suffit pas à garantir l’effectivité du droit de la représentation collective. Des réponses substantielles et « organisationnelles » tenant notamment à la définition d’une politique pénale d’envergure, à la révision de la ligne de partage des responsabilités dans l’entreprise et à la recherche de sanctions pénales renouvelées s’imposent. Au-delà de la voie répressive, d’autres méritent d’être explorées. L’application des règles du droit de la représentation collective doit être garantie au moyen d’outils non plus répressifs mais préventifs en dehors de toute participation d’une quelconque autorité judiciaire. La voie extra-pénale fait une large place à la fonction préventive de l’inspection du travail laquelle doit accompagner les entreprises en recourant à de nouvelles méthodes d’accompagnement et d’évaluation. La définition d’une politique sociale d’entreprise, moyennant la conclusion d’un accord unique sur la représentation du personnel, est légalement de nature à garantir l’effectivité de la norme en tenant compte des spécificités propres à chaque entreprise. / The issue of sanctions is critical when is opened the debate on the effectiveness of employee representation rules in the company. Aiming at protecting the core values of society, criminal law should be reserved for infringements of the prerogatives of employee representation bodies which are fundamental. For the rest, there are sanctions , administrative or civil, more effective. Still, the only restriction of the criminal field is not sufficient to guarantee the effectiveness of employee representation rules. Some substantial and “organizational” answers relating in particular to the definition of a major criminal policy, the revision of the division of responsibilities in the company and the search for renewed criminal sanctions seem necessary. Beyond the repressive way, others deserve to be explored. The application of employee representation rules must be guaranteed by tools rather preventive than repressive and without any involvement of any judicial authority. The extra-criminal policy leaves a large place to the preventive function of labor inspection which should help companies by using new methods of support and assessment. The definition of a corporate social policy, through the conclusion of a single agreement on staff representation, is legally adequate to ensure the effectiveness of the rule by taking into account the specificities of each company.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of unauthorized economic activities of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic, which in this case are understood as all the economic activities of these migrants, which are in some way contrary to the valid legislation - i.e. both completely illegal and quasi-legal activities. The thesis builds on a number of important theories and concepts, such as the dual labour market theory, network theory, institutional theory, client system, or precarisation. The main objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and structure the phenomenon of unauthorized economic activities of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic. First, the thesis presents the statistical data concerning the studied phenomenon and outlines the legislative anchoring the employment of Ukrainian migrants within the Czech labour market. This is followed by the description of general context of Ukrainian labour migration to the Czech Republic, its main reasons and associated risk factors. Then attention is paid to the very phenomenon of unauthorized economic activities with a main focus on its causes, forms, consequences and possible solutions. In the research part of this diploma thesis, the data are mainly drawn from interviews with experts on the given issue working in different areas -...