O trabalho propõe-se a analisar os romances Nada (1945), de Carmen Laforet e Tiempo de Silencio (1962), de Luis Martín-Santos para examinar o traço singular da construção de ambas obras, qual seja, a apropriação das séries de gravuras Los Caprichos e Los Desastres de la Guerra de Goya. Em Nada, abordamos a integração do aspecto monstruoso ao espaço romanesco, o apagamento da fronteira entre o mundo onírico e o real, a representação fragmentária e a diluição dos limites entre o passado da matéria narrada e o tempo da narração. Em Tiempo de Silencio, analisamos os procedimentos de redução do espaço, o uso do extracampo, da animalização e de imagens expansivas, caracterizados pela apropriação de imagens, procedimentos e temas provenientes do universo goyesco. A partir da análise desses elementos, observamos que, ao incorporarem as gravuras na composição desses dois romances, os autores criam uma dimensão ampliada do horror da guerra e, ao mesmo tempo, sugerem uma interpretação da história contemporânea como um movimento de continuidade do \"desastre espanhol\", desde o século XIX até o pós-guerra civil espanhola. / The proposed study aims at analyzing the novels Nothing (1945), written by Carmen Laforet, and Time of Silence (1962), by Luis Martín-Santos, in order to examine both works construction singularity; that is to say, the appropriation of the engravings series of Goya\'s The Caprices and The disasters of the war. In Nada, we deal with the integration from the monstrous aspect to the novelistic space, the suppression of the frontier between the oneiric and the real worlds, the fragmented representation and the dilution of the limits between the subject matter narrated and the time of narration. In Time of Silence, we analyze the procedures of space reduction, the use of field work, of animalization and expansive images characterized by the representation appropriation, procedures and themes provided by the Goyan universe. Taking the analysis of these elements into consideration, we observe that the authors, through the pictures incorporation within the composition of these two novels, create an amplified dimension of the horror of war, and at the same time, they suggest an interpretation of contemporary history as a continuity movement of the \"Spanish disaster\" since 19th Century up to the Spanish civil post-war.

As of the 19th C up until our present day, big cities have set the stage for many literary works, and Barcelona is no exception to this occurrence.  This study aims to address the urban imagery of a postwar Barcelona through the walks described in three novels, written by Spanish women writers. Each one will be analyzed both individually and contrastively. The necessary comparisons will be established and we will further prove the suitability of the theories of Certau, Lefebvre and Lynch. Finally, we will establish the appropriate conclusions derived from our investigation. / Las grandes metrópolis han sido escenario de multitud de narraciones desde el s. XIX hasta la actualidad y Barcelona no es ninguna excepción de ello. Este estudio se aborda el imaginario urbano de la Barcelona de postguerra en los paseos descritos en tres novelas de escritoras españolas, analizándolas individual y contrastivamente. Se procede a establecer las comparaciones necesarias y se observa la idoneidad de algunas teorías de Certeau, Lefebvre y de Lynch. Se aportan, por fin, las conclusiones pertinentes

O trabalho propõe-se a analisar os romances Nada (1945), de Carmen Laforet e Tiempo de Silencio (1962), de Luis Martín-Santos para examinar o traço singular da construção de ambas obras, qual seja, a apropriação das séries de gravuras Los Caprichos e Los Desastres de la Guerra de Goya. Em Nada, abordamos a integração do aspecto monstruoso ao espaço romanesco, o apagamento da fronteira entre o mundo onírico e o real, a representação fragmentária e a diluição dos limites entre o passado da matéria narrada e o tempo da narração. Em Tiempo de Silencio, analisamos os procedimentos de redução do espaço, o uso do extracampo, da animalização e de imagens expansivas, caracterizados pela apropriação de imagens, procedimentos e temas provenientes do universo goyesco. A partir da análise desses elementos, observamos que, ao incorporarem as gravuras na composição desses dois romances, os autores criam uma dimensão ampliada do horror da guerra e, ao mesmo tempo, sugerem uma interpretação da história contemporânea como um movimento de continuidade do \"desastre espanhol\", desde o século XIX até o pós-guerra civil espanhola. / The proposed study aims at analyzing the novels Nothing (1945), written by Carmen Laforet, and Time of Silence (1962), by Luis Martín-Santos, in order to examine both works construction singularity; that is to say, the appropriation of the engravings series of Goya\'s The Caprices and The disasters of the war. In Nada, we deal with the integration from the monstrous aspect to the novelistic space, the suppression of the frontier between the oneiric and the real worlds, the fragmented representation and the dilution of the limits between the subject matter narrated and the time of narration. In Time of Silence, we analyze the procedures of space reduction, the use of field work, of animalization and expansive images characterized by the representation appropriation, procedures and themes provided by the Goyan universe. Taking the analysis of these elements into consideration, we observe that the authors, through the pictures incorporation within the composition of these two novels, create an amplified dimension of the horror of war, and at the same time, they suggest an interpretation of contemporary history as a continuity movement of the \"Spanish disaster\" since 19th Century up to the Spanish civil post-war.

This dissertation investigates the phenomenon of the reworking of children's narrative, generally termed "fairy tales," within the framework of Spanish post-Civil War fiction. It is focused on selected novels by four contemporary women writers whose works are representative of the phenomenon under study. They are: Carmen Laforet (Nada 1944), Ana Maria Matute (Primera memoria 1959), Esther Tusquets ( El mismo mar de todos los veranos 1979) and Carmen Martin Gaite (Caperucita en Manhattan 1990 and La reina de las nieves 1994). / The first three chapters examine generic issues as a preliminary step towards the explanation of the significance of fairy tales to novelists today. To this end, the first chapter tackles the ambiguities surrounding current definitions of the fairy-tale genre to establish dearly the nature of the narrative substructure of the novels of the study. It proposes an alternative approach which lends a chronological dimension to present definitions that are based on stylistic and structural analysis alone. This is followed by a second chapter which explains the recurrence of fairy tales and fairy-tale motifs in the novels by underlining the structural and conceptual similarities between the two genres. The third chapter is devoted to a comparative analysis of the genres under study as a means of isolating minimal recurrent units of the children's narratives and explaining their transformation in the novels. / The last three chapters, based primarily on the findings of the comparative analysis of the fairy tales and their novelistic versions, focus on two important fairy-tale motifs that appear to hold the key to the importance of fairy tales in the novels: The marginalization of the fairy-tale hero and the ambiguous image of the mother-figure as at once evil and benevolent. The fourth chapter therefore concentrates on the various conventions of marginality in the novels and the fifth is dedicated to a study of the structure of the contemporary novel against the backdrop of its transformation of the basic fairy-tale paradigm that traces the development of the hero from a marginalized position to his/her integration into society. The sixth chapter concludes the question of transformations by analyzing the image of the woman in the contemporary novel on the basis of the reworking of the evil stepmother/fairy godmother motif.

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