The aim of this study was to clarify factors affecting preference pit row and the frequency and the occurence of feeding table by Holstein cows. The investigated factors were milk yelds, seasons, temperature in the stable, lactation number and stage of lactation. The investigation was dated from February 20140 to January 2015 once per month in the course of 12 hours. The selected cote contains 52 boxes. We monitored preference of the box row by diary cows and the frequency of the occurence by the feeding table. During the monitoring we were writing down if diary cows were standing or lying. By lying doary cows, we monitored the preference of the lying side. For survey we used group shots method. Results were under the statistic analysis by Statistica 10.0 program. Results follows that diary cows in dependence on milk production prefered row number 1 or preferencies were equal. Differences between rows were not statistically conclusive (P > 0,05). When lying, diary cows prefered lying on the left side in both rows. Frequency occurence by feeding table was the highest by diary cows with daily yielding between 30,1 and 40 kg of milk. The influence of season: we discovered that in spring season and summer season diary cows prefered row number 1 (P < 0,01) and in autumn and winter season they prefered row number 2. In spring and winter was prefered lying on the left side unline summer, when they prefered right side. During autumn diary cows situated in row number 1 prefered right side and in row number 2 left side. Attendance the feeding table was during the year balanced. The influence of temeprature: Difference in preferences rows 1 or 2 were statistically conclusing (P > 0,05). Results of our monitoring show that diarycows prefered row number 1 and lying on the left side.

This thesis on the topic "Initial selection pit row Holstein cows after coming out of the milking parlor," deals with the observation of cows in free housing boxing. When observations were recorded, only cows inside cubicles and these were mainly observed standing and lying down. Observations took place in the agricultural cooperative Telc. Stable was divided into nine sections. Observations took place in one section with an average of 55 cows. Among the influences that influenced the availability of boxes, or could in any way affect the filling of individual boxes, were included the following factors: lactation, milk yield, stable temperature and order in the parlor. The obtained results we can conclude that there are significant differences in preference filling boxes when most visited boxes were 17, 34, 36, 52, 53, 56, 60 and 62, at least the vacant boxes then only 3, 7, 49, 50, 37 . Furthermore, we can say that was a significant effect of lactation on the proportion of cows lying. The highest proportion of cows lying stationary compared to the first resp. 2nd lactation (92.3% resp. 79.9%), the lowest in the 3rd lactation (69.7%). We can note a significant impact on the proportion of milk yield of cows lying. It was highest in the yield of 20 <(80%), 15,1-20 kg of milk (78%), the lowest for the yield 10,1-15 kg of milk (72%). Was also found a significant effect on the proportion of stable temperature lying cows. This was the highest at a temperature of 10,1-15 ° C (80.2%), 5,1-10 ° C (78.3%), the lowest temperature to 5 ° C (72.2%). You can also say some influence in order to share parlor lying cow which was not as pronounced as in previous results. That was the highest for the second order in the parlor (77.4%) and third order (76.4%), the lowest for the first order in the parlor (74.4%).

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of internal influences on the production and milk quality on selected farm. Data for preparation of this thesis were obtained on a farm in Skalica in Frydek-Mistek belonging to the joint-stock company Beskyd Agro. Data used in this thesis were evaluated for two years (1.10.2013-30.9.2014, 1.10.2014-30.9.2015). Data were analyzed and statistically processed using Microsoft Excel software. Evaluation of milk production and reproductive performance were based on the results obtained from regular inspections. For milk yield parameters were evaluated milk yield (kg) Fat (%, kg) Protein (%, kg) of milk somatic cell count (SB) depending upon reproduction and lactation. Evaluated herd were divided into 2 groups: I. lactation, II. lactation and the next lactation. Hypothesis: Worsening indicators of reproduction have negative impact on the level of milk production and its components. The final evaluation of the data were used, comprising 280 cows of Holstein cattle, which were included in monitoring performance period. The results show that the average length of the interim period was around 416 days in average.Milk yield was 10,062 kg of milk with fat contents of 4.21%, 3.37% proportion of protein and somatic cell count 477.75 thousand / ml. The difference in milk yield of heifers at first (9 326.38 kg) and second lactation (9 901.47 kg) reached 575.09 kg. Maximum milk production was achieved on 4th lactation, when milk yield reached 10 432.16 kg per lactation. Positive effect was demonstrated between the % fat content and protein content in%. With the increase in the% fat content, and increased protein content in%. The highest value of the average amount of fat has been statistically proven at 5th lactation and values of 4.18%. For proteins the highest number was reached during the lactation no. 6 with values of 3.40%. The best values were obtained in lactation number 4., where the rate reached the following parameters: milk yield per lactation 10,432, 16 kg daily milk yield: 34.20 kg fat: 4.08% protein: 3.35%. It was determined that the amount of milk yield per lactation in kg was positively affected by the value of the daily milk yield in kg, with the value (r = 1st) verified at a significance level (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation kg should result in an increase daily milk yield. The negative impact was demonstrated in representating % fat content of milk (r = -0.653) and protein (r = -0.442) at the level of significance (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation in kg was negatively effected and reduced the component of fat and protein. Milk yield per lactation had a positive effect on service period. Positive effect on milk yield heifers was demonstrated in service period and with a positive value (r = 0.327) with evidential significance level (P <0.05). Effect of milk yield per lactation, age at first calving was not demonstrated. Effect of daily milk yield in kg of milk, had a negative effect on the proportion of components in % fat (r = -0.653) and protein (r = -0.442). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.001). Increase in daily milk yield will reduce the content of components of protein and fat milk. The positive impact of the daily milk yield was demonstrated in connection with the service period (r = 0.247) at a level of significance (P <0.05). Increasing daily milk yield, this will extend the service period. From the resulting data, negative effect on lactation representation% protein content (r = -0.288) and fat (r = -0.052) with evidential significance level (P <0.001) was determined . Effect of lactation on milk yield per lactation, daily milk yield, calving interval and service period has been shown. Daily milk yield in kg of milk is affected by the amount of milk yield per lactation in kg (r = 1). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation is proportional to increase of daily milk yield. Milk yield per lactation negatively affected% of fat content (r = -0.187) and% representation of protein (r = -0, 208). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.05). Increasing milk yield per lactation kg reduces% fat and protein. The relationship between milk yield per lactation in kg, service period, and interim periods has not been demonstrated. Effect of daily milk yield in kg, had a negative effect on the% fat content (r = -0, 187) and protein (r = -0.208) with evidential significance level (P <0.05). Reduced% protein content and milk fat is a result of increased daily milk yield in kg. Effect of daily milk yield on service period and the interim has not been demonstrated. Fat content in% and the protein in% (r = 0.603) were demonstrated at a level of significance (P <0.001). Increased if the% fat content, increased the% protein content. The positive effect was demonstrated between service period and interim periods (r = 0.266) with evidential significance level (P <0.001). The longer the period of service increases the length meantime. It was confirmed that with increasing lactation milk yield as per lactation, daily milk yield and milk components content.

The aim of this diploma work was to evaluate the influence of a farm, a lactation order, and a month and a year of calving to the percentage occurrence and number of mastitis with cows. Besides, mainly an effectiveness of precautions, nursing works and farming technologies were evaluated. The evaluation was being performed during the years 2014 - 2015 at two farms situated in Slovakia which were breeding the breed of Slovak piebald cattle. Figures about the mastitis occurrence were acquired from the evidence of veterinary records of mastitis treatment and cows´dry out. Information about the number of somatic cells I have borrowed from Slovak republic breeding information system. For the figures evaluation a statistical program SAS 9.3 (SAS/STAT 9.3, 2011) was used. For the determination of basic parameters the procedures MEANS a UNIVARIATE were used. Observed indicators and basic statistics were evaluated for both arms together. Main parameters were evaluated statistically for both farms altogether. From the total number of 514 milk cows, was the mastitis occurrence recorded on the average in 29,77%, with the average length of treatment 1,94 days and milk cows´ lactation was on the average 2,81. The number of mastitis occurrence was on the average 0, 51 times, the highest frequency of mastitis occurrence achieved up to 6 times. Statistically significant influence of mastitis numbers to the percentage mastitis occurrence (P <0, 001) was proved. Percent of mastitis occurrence is provable influenced by a farm (P<0,001), a year and a month of calving (P<0,001) and lactation order (P<0,001). The number of mastitis is considerably influenced by a farm (P<0,001), a month and a year of calving (P<0,001). Percent of mastitis occurrence reached the highest figures on the 5th and the next lactation (68, 49 %) and the lowest % mastitis occurrence was recorded on the 1st lactation (45, 98 %). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest on the 5th and the next lactations (1,19x) and the lowest on the 1st lactation (0,81x). Percent of mastitis occurrence was during the observed period higher at the farm PD Mestečko (66, 06 %) and the lowest at the farm PD Dolná Mariková (48, 96 %). Demonstrability on the boundary of statistic difference´ importance (P < 0, 01) was between % mastitis occurrence and both farms. The number of mastitis occurrence was higher at the farm PD Mestečko (1,22x) in contrast to the lowest at the farm PD Dolná Mariková (0,82x). Statistically proved difference (P < 0, 01) was between the number of mastitis occurrence and the farms PD Mestečko and PD Dolná Mariková. Percentage mastitis occurrence was the highest in April (79, 05 %), the lowest occurrence was in November (34, 30%). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest in March (1,51x), the lowest was recorded in November and December (0,63x). The highest percentage mastitis occurrence (99, 92 %) was recorded in calving year 2013. The lowest mastitis occurrence was in year 2015 (19, 92 %). The number of mastitis occurrence was the highest in year 2013 (1,92x) and the lowest in year 2015 (0,33x).

The aim of this work was to compare weight gain, mortality of piglets, and sows and piglets activity using permanent or temporary crating during lactation. Recently, animal breeding places great emphasis on improving welfare, by accepting their biological and behavioral needs. It was predicted that there will be no differences in piglet mortality in both housing systems. There was predicted an increase in short-term effect of activity in sows at day 4 after opening the farrowing crate. 27 sows were included in this study. Sow activity was measured by changing her positions at Day 3, 4, 5 and day 25 and the level of cortisol at Day 5 and 25. Piglets were weighted at day3, 4, 5 and 25 and mortality was analyzed every day. The short-term (day 5th after farrowing) and long-term effect (on the 25th day after farrowing) after opening the farrowing crate was analyzed. All statistical models included the housing, parity sows and litter size. On the fifth day, the activity of sows freely in the pen was higher (p=0.002). Litter size had an effect on growth rate of piglets (p<0.001) and the frequency of "rolling" of the sows (p=0.009). Parity of sows had an influence on the activity of sows (p=0.04). Measurements on the 25th of day after farrowing showed the effect of parity of sows (p=0.013) and litter size (p<0.001) on weight gain of piglets, piglet mortality should only be affected by litter size (p=0.001). Type of crating had only a short-term effect on the activity of sows in the whole experiment. Cortisol levels between groups of sows did not differ. The type of crating had no significant effect on mortality and growth of piglets. Temporary crating does not diminish the economic indicators of litter and also more provides welfare to sows and piglets. It would therefore be appropriate if permanent crating would be replaced by a temporal crating in the future.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the differences of selected birth characteristics (birth length, birth weight and Apgar score) in children of mothers treated with antipsychotics during pregnancy from the reference population values. It also compares these parameters depending on the type of medication administered during pregnancy. The first part deals with the theoretical introduction to schizophrenia and also describes the obstetric parameters evaluated for all newborns. The second (practical) part is devoted to the analysis of these parameters of children of mothers with schizophrenia, compared with control group in Prague and mutual comparison of the parameters in children of mothers with different medications.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in ten lactating women between three weeks and nine months postpartum to find out whether there is any link with the parameters presented in this study. Measurements were taken at four intervals. At three weeks and at three, six and nine months postpartum. They were taken in the morning after a night fast (12 hours) and used indirect calorimetry with a canopy in awake lying subjects for approximately 25 minutes. The room was shaded with minimal noise with a temperature around 20 řC. Urine was collected over 24 hours and was examined for nitrogen concentration. The median REE was 1591,86 kcal/day at 3 weeks postpartum, 1398,08 kcal/day at 3 months, 1401,78 kcal/day at 6 months and 1455,03 kcal/day at 9 months postpartum. Values of REE per kilogram of body weight are 21,8 ± 0,36 kcal/kg and are consistent throughout the measurement period. The oxidation of lipids was dominant compared to other substrates and the lowest was oxidation of sacharides during the whole observation period. Correlations were found in parameters such as, body weight and REE per kilogram, breast milk and respiratory quotient (RQ), length of gravidity with RQ/ volume of exhaled carboxydioxide/ volume of inhaled oxygen. Another was between protein...

The diploma thesis was focused on the observation of various factors that are closely related to the number of somatic cells in milk of dairy cows. In particular, the season, the month, the order and stages of lactation and their relation to somatic cells, but also to the individual components of milk, were tested. The information was obtained from the performance and self-monitoring of Farmers farm for one year. As regards the influence of the season, the highest number of somatic cells was found in winter (537 thousand) and lowest in spring (365 thousand), but the difference was not statistically conclusive. The influence of the lactation sequence (min. 257,000 on the first lactation and max. 747,000 on the fifth lactation) and the lactation stage influence (min. 382,000 to 100 days of lactation and max. 557,000 over 401 days of lactation) was equally inconclusive ). A higher number of somatic cells in milk was associated with its lower production but higher protein content. The behavior of cows was substantially more balanced in the stable where the proportion of cows lying ranged from 60 % to 67 % than in grazing where it ranged from 3 % to 69 %.

ABSTRACT The aim of the thesis was to evaulate and analysis of changes in the amount and composition of cow milk from Holstein dairy cows caused by prolonged lactation.The necessary information regarding the composition of cow's milk and a more detailed description of the milk components (fat, protein, somatic cell, lactose, urea) are included in the literature review. Samples were obtained from Holstein dairy cows from Unčovice Farm and used in our analysis. The samples were collected in the annual period from 7. 3. 2018 to 7. 3. 2019. The sampling was carried out by trained staff from the performance control and number of dairy cows involved in the analysis was 4540 units. The samples were taken for studied parameters (daily milk yield, fat content, protein content, lactose content, urea content and somatic cell count). The results show a large effect of lactation days on daily milk yield and and the content of milk components. Also, the daily milk yield is correlated with the content of milk components. The established results also show the effect of lactation on somatic cell counts but the effect of lactation on the urea content was not found. Furthermore, it was evaluated the frequency of mastitis.