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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Progéria de Hutchinson-Gilford : identification de biomarqueurs et exploration préclinique de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques / Progeria of Hutchinson-Gilford : identification of disease biomarkers and preclinical tests of therapeutic approaches

Fayek, Racha 23 June 2014 (has links)
La progéria ou HGPS (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) est une maladie caractérisée par un vieillissement prématuré et accéléré extrêmement rare. Son incidence est estimée à environ 1 cas pour 4 à 8 millions de naissances selon les études. Les signes cliniques qui la caractérisent incluent notamment un retard de croissance majeur, une lipodystrophie, des ostéolyses distales et une atteinte cardiovasculaire qui est la cause du décès à l'âge moyen de 13 ans. La progéria est causée de façon prédominante par une mutation de novo dans le gène LMNA codant les lamines A et C, découverte par notre équipe en 2003. Cette mutation récurrente, prédite pour être silencieuse (c.1824C>T; p.Gly608Gly), active un site d'épissage cryptique qui génère une forme tronquée, anormalement prénylée et toxique de la lamine A, appelée la progérine. Ce travail de thèse a eu pour objectifs : 1) la caractérisation de différents marqueurs moléculaires et phénotypiques des lignées de patients atteints d'HGPS ou de syndromes apparentés ainsi que dans le modèle murin de progéria LmnaG609G/G609G, 2) la caractérisation des aspects cognitifs de ce modèle murin ainsi qu'une étude élargie de l'expression des lamines dans le cerveau, 3) le développement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques dans le cadre de la progéria, in vitro et in vivo, incluant notamment l'exploration des effets d'une molécule antioxydante, le resvératrol, ainsi que l'adaptation de l'approche thérapeutique par oligonucléotides antisens (AON) (Osorio et al. 2011) visant à son administration par voie orale. / Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disease characterized by premature, accelerated and segmental aging with an estimated incidence of 1 in 4 to 8 million of births. Children with HGPS present with major growth retardation, lipodystrophy, distal osteolysis and cardiovascular defects that cause their death at the mean age of 13 years. In 2003, our team discovered the causative mutation of HGPS in the LMNA gene. Despite being predicted as silent (c.1824 C>T; p.Gly608Gly), this de novo mutation activates a cryptic splicing site leading to the production of a truncated, aberrantly prenylated and toxic form of lamin A, called progerin. The main objectives of this thesis have been: 1) characterizing molecular and cellular biomarkers in HGPS or related syndromes patients' cell lines, together with the progeria mouse model LmnaG609G/G609G, 2) characterizing cognitive aspects as well as lamins' and progerin expression in the central nervous system in the same in vivo model and 3) the developement, in vitro and in vivo, of novel therapeutic approaches for progeria using either resveratrol, an antioxidant molecule, or micelle-coated antisense oligonucleotides with the intent of adapting an oral treatement for progeria children.
12

Subcellular Localization and Partial Purification of Prelamin a Endoprotease: An Enzyme Which Catalyzes the Conversion of Farnesylated Prelamin a to Mature Lamin A

Kilic, Fusun, Johnson, D A., Sinensky, M. 30 April 1999 (has links)
The nuclear lamina protein, lamin A is produced by proteolytic cleavage of a 74 kDa precursor protein, prelamin A. The conversion of this precursor to mature lamin A is mediated by a specific endoprotease, prelamin A endoprotease. Subnuclear fractionation indicates that the prelamin A endoprotease is localized at the nuclear membrane. The enzyme appears to be an integral membrane protein, as it can only be removed from the nuclear envelope with detergent. It is effectively solubilized by the detergent n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and can be partially-purified (approximately 1200-fold) by size exclusion and cation exchange (Mono S) chromatography. Prelamin A endoprotease from HeLa cells was eluted from Mono S with 0.3 M sodium chloride as a single peak of activity. SDS-PAGE analysis of this prelamin A endoprotease preparation shows that it contains one major polypeptide at 65 kDa and smaller amounts of a second 68 kDa polypeptide. Inhibition of the enzyme activity in this preparation by specific serine protease inhibitors is consistent with the enzyme being a serine protease.

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