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Diploma thesis " The image of the church in Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV." deals with state of the Czech church in the late Middle Ages during the reign of Charles IV. The aim is to outline the image of the Church before the advent of Charles IV. to the Czech throne and especially to capture the state during his reign. The first part deals with the description of the situation in the church before the beginning of the reign of Charles IV. in Bohemia. It also includes the biography of the last bishop of Prague, John IV. of Dražice, but also efforts and attempts at the creation of the Prague archbishopric in the country. A special chapter deals with a biography of Charles IV. and his achievements especially in the role of the Czech and Roman king and emperor. The third chapter is dedicated to the main theme of the work, and that is the state of the Czech Church in Bohemia, the Prague Archbishopric and other religious institutions in the Czech kingdom. Part of the chapter is devoted to the first archbishop of Prague, Arnošt of Pardubice and his relationship and cooperation with Charles IV. The last part deals with the spiritual heritage, which Charles IV. left after his death, and which still exists.

Thesis advisor: Marc Landy / By examining the interactions between the presidency and the other branches of government, research illuminates the causes and mechanisms by which the presidency, and its power, ebbs and flows. Due to the nature of the powers directly granted to the president within the Constitution, much consideration has been given to presidential power through the prisms of national security, international affairs, and times of national emergency. Yet the presidency consists of more than the roles of commander- and diplomat-in-chief. By looking beyond the more obvious considerations of presidential power, the complexity of the institution’s development is not only revealed, but more fully explained. Consequently, this dissertation analyzes the development of presidential power by looking at the less obvious. It considers the use of formal executive tools to implement congressionally delegated and supported authority in an area of domestic policy: the creation of federally protected public lands. Instead of seeking to understand how the use of presidential power impacted an area of public policy, this research flips that perennial question on its head by asking: how has public land policy contributed to the development of presidential power? The research presented here shows, through the analysis of five public land categories, that the consistent application of executive power within this policy realm, combined with Congressional acceptance of this application, enhanced the overall power of the American presidency. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

A utilização das terras raras (TR) em larga escala teve início com a patente de Welsbach em 1903, que é ainda aplicada na fabricação de pedras de isqueiros. Hoje as TR estão presentes nas mais diferentes áreas, como na produção de superligas, vidros especiais, pigmentos, cerâmicas, imãs permanentes, lasers, eletroeletrônicos, catalisadores, ressonância magnética nuclear, etc., movimentando, na última década, um mercado de US$ 2 bilhões por ano. Devido às suas propriedades muito semelhantes, os elementos das TR são difíceis de serem separados, requerendo, normalmente, processos complexos, o que os torna de elevado preço de comercialização. Elementos como o európio (Eu) e o samário (Sm), cujos teores nos materiais que contém TR são baixos (cerca de 0,05% e 2%, respectivamente, na monazita), são caros e os campos de aplicação destes materiais justificam a busca por outros processos de separação, que sejam no mínimo mais simples e/ou mais eficientes. O estado trivalente é característico para todas as TR, mas alguns elementos podem apresentar outros estados de oxidação, como o Ce, Eu, Sm e Yb. No caso do Eu e do Sm, foco de estudo neste trabalho, o estado divalente é facilmente obtido por redução eletroquímica nos potenciais –0,65V e –1,55V (vs. SCE), respectivamente. Este fato torna possível a separação destes elementos das demais terras raras e entre eles mesmos. Portanto, fazendo uso desta característica, propôs-se um processo de separação individual do Eu e do Sm em meio (NH4)2SO4 por eletro-redução/precipitação, onde o Sm é separado primeiramente como sulfato e o Eu, que permanece em solução, é precipitado após a diminuição da temperatura e do potencial aplicado. O processo desenvolvido a partir de uma solução sintética de Eu e Sm foi aplicado a uma mistura de óxidos de TR semi-pesadas produzida no IPEN-CNEN/SP, obtendo-se a separação do Sm. Este produto foi analisado por espectrofotometria, indicando elevado grau de pureza. / The rare earths (RE) were first used in 1903, when Welsbach developed a lighter that is still used today. Nowadays, the RE are employed in many different fields, as in the production of super-alloys , as catalysts for petroleum industry, in the manufacture of non-ferrous alloys, color television tubes, x-ray screens, special glasses, ceramics, computer industries, nuclear medicine, lasers, pigments, etc., moving, in the last decade , a market of US$ 2 billions per year. Due to their similar properties, the RE elements are very difficult to separate, requiring complex processes, what make the products very expensive. Elements like Eu and Sm, which contents in the minerals are low (0.05% and 2.0%, respectively, in monazite) are extremely expensive, but their field of application justifies the research for looking for other processes, more simple and/or more effective. Trivalent state is a characteristic of all RE, but some of them presents oxidation state +2, like Ce, Eu, Sm and Yb. In the case of Eu and Sm, the focus of the present work, the divalent state is achieved by electro-reduction in the potentials –0.65 and –1.55 (SCE), respectively. This makes possible the separation of these elements from the other rare earths and from each other. Thus, making use of this characteristic, a process for the individual separation of Eu and Sm in (NH4)2SO4 solution by electro-reduction/precipitation is proposed, where Sm is first separated from the solution as sulfate, and Eu, that remains in the solution, is precipitated after the decrease of temperature and potential applied. The process developed from a synthetic Eu and Sm solution was applied to a mixture of semi-heavy RE oxide, produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP, obtaining the separation of Sm. This product was analyzed by spectrophotometry, showing high purity.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a simultaneidade crepuscular do espaçotempo unitário de matriz afroameríndia, pensando o lugar, a paisagem, como portas abertas, um espelho das culturas que possibilita a inspiração de símbolos, de suas matrizes ancestrais à arte e cotidiano das cidades e campos. Ao mesmo tempo, possibilita que o contexto tradicional na contemporaneidade auxilie em desdobramentos suscetíveis à superação de situações-limites sociais e educacionais. Uma pretaíndia desaldeada como pesquisadora contou com o primeiro conjunto de pensadores, além dos Situacionistas1 que apoiaram nossa constituição epistemológica, assim como Juana Elbein dos Santos e mestre Didi. O estilo investigativo se apóia na leitura mitohermenêutica de Marcos Ferreira-Santos, atrelados às coorientações de Kabengele Munanga e Carlos Serrano. Milton Santos e Paulo Freire complementam a abordagem apoiando a compreensão e a fundamentação do que podemos chamar de Epistemologias do Sul ou ainda de uma antropologia cabocla. / This work talks about spacetime notion in AfroAmerIndians Thought and the researsh have been doing since author graduate in Geography. In that time the Situacionists thinkers and Henry Lefebvre were composed the eyes of critics theorys of everyday lives with Black Antropology suports. Its a interdisciplinary study that becomes a intersectional researsh between race, class, gender and cultures. We were studing with prof. Kabengele Munanga and Carlos Serrano, about their Cultural Antropology of SubSaarian Africa and the theory of race and racism, especially in Brazil. In Education, the teses chair was in Imaginary Studies with prof. Marcos Ferreira-Santos, so this work became to be suported by Hermeneutics ways of thinking. The foudation of this master work was the Ancestrality, the Orality, the Corporelity, the Word, the Arts and Traditional Crafts. The simbology is, in that dimensions, like messages of its philosophy and comunication, all this concepts are impressed in the territoriality of those communities and in its landscapes that permeates the body until the Arquiteture, the Mitology (cosmology and the cosmogony).

A utilização das terras raras (TR) em larga escala teve início com a patente de Welsbach em 1903, que é ainda aplicada na fabricação de pedras de isqueiros. Hoje as TR estão presentes nas mais diferentes áreas, como na produção de superligas, vidros especiais, pigmentos, cerâmicas, imãs permanentes, lasers, eletroeletrônicos, catalisadores, ressonância magnética nuclear, etc., movimentando, na última década, um mercado de US$ 2 bilhões por ano. Devido às suas propriedades muito semelhantes, os elementos das TR são difíceis de serem separados, requerendo, normalmente, processos complexos, o que os torna de elevado preço de comercialização. Elementos como o európio (Eu) e o samário (Sm), cujos teores nos materiais que contém TR são baixos (cerca de 0,05% e 2%, respectivamente, na monazita), são caros e os campos de aplicação destes materiais justificam a busca por outros processos de separação, que sejam no mínimo mais simples e/ou mais eficientes. O estado trivalente é característico para todas as TR, mas alguns elementos podem apresentar outros estados de oxidação, como o Ce, Eu, Sm e Yb. No caso do Eu e do Sm, foco de estudo neste trabalho, o estado divalente é facilmente obtido por redução eletroquímica nos potenciais –0,65V e –1,55V (vs. SCE), respectivamente. Este fato torna possível a separação destes elementos das demais terras raras e entre eles mesmos. Portanto, fazendo uso desta característica, propôs-se um processo de separação individual do Eu e do Sm em meio (NH4)2SO4 por eletro-redução/precipitação, onde o Sm é separado primeiramente como sulfato e o Eu, que permanece em solução, é precipitado após a diminuição da temperatura e do potencial aplicado. O processo desenvolvido a partir de uma solução sintética de Eu e Sm foi aplicado a uma mistura de óxidos de TR semi-pesadas produzida no IPEN-CNEN/SP, obtendo-se a separação do Sm. Este produto foi analisado por espectrofotometria, indicando elevado grau de pureza. / The rare earths (RE) were first used in 1903, when Welsbach developed a lighter that is still used today. Nowadays, the RE are employed in many different fields, as in the production of super-alloys , as catalysts for petroleum industry, in the manufacture of non-ferrous alloys, color television tubes, x-ray screens, special glasses, ceramics, computer industries, nuclear medicine, lasers, pigments, etc., moving, in the last decade , a market of US$ 2 billions per year. Due to their similar properties, the RE elements are very difficult to separate, requiring complex processes, what make the products very expensive. Elements like Eu and Sm, which contents in the minerals are low (0.05% and 2.0%, respectively, in monazite) are extremely expensive, but their field of application justifies the research for looking for other processes, more simple and/or more effective. Trivalent state is a characteristic of all RE, but some of them presents oxidation state +2, like Ce, Eu, Sm and Yb. In the case of Eu and Sm, the focus of the present work, the divalent state is achieved by electro-reduction in the potentials –0.65 and –1.55 (SCE), respectively. This makes possible the separation of these elements from the other rare earths and from each other. Thus, making use of this characteristic, a process for the individual separation of Eu and Sm in (NH4)2SO4 solution by electro-reduction/precipitation is proposed, where Sm is first separated from the solution as sulfate, and Eu, that remains in the solution, is precipitated after the decrease of temperature and potential applied. The process developed from a synthetic Eu and Sm solution was applied to a mixture of semi-heavy RE oxide, produced at IPEN-CNEN/SP, obtaining the separation of Sm. This product was analyzed by spectrophotometry, showing high purity.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 334-348). Also available on microfiche.

This research explores transformative learning occurring through the Farmer Field Schools of the Taita Hills, Kenya using a qualitative, case study approach. The findings reveal that cultural roles and premises profoundly impacted learning and that a mixed-group setting could contribute to closing the gap between gender inequalities, leading to a more just and sustainable type of agriculture. / February 2009

Weddings and funerals are some of the most universally profound events of our lives. Both acts, however disparate, ultimately celebrate life. This thesis draws on themes of life and regeneration in its reading of a neglected yet historically significant site in the port lands of Toronto. The changes that have occurred at the mouth of the Don mirror the changes that have occurred in Toronto from settlement to post-modernity. It is here that the thesis proposes a place that simultaneously reclaims its roots and creates a new identity for the port lands. As a means of reinhabiting this site, the design uses the power of weddings and funerals to generate a collective point of gathering that reflects the multicultural nature of Toronto today.