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This thesis examines how changes to rural places and landscapes are experienced by residents and incorporated into place attachments and identities over time. It does so through exploring findings from seventy-eight qualitative, ‘emplaced’, oral history interviews in three English villages: Mullion (Cornwall); Askam and Ireleth (Cumbria); and Martham (Norfolk). These villages are located near to at least one existing windfarm, which – as an example of rural change - provides a common focus for the research. The research is informed by a ‘middle-ground’ theoretical approach that considers discursive and experiential aspects of people-environment relationships and pays particular attention to how engagements with the past are enrolled in shaping experiences of landscape, place and change. Attitudes towards rural place-change are identified as being shaped by four complex, relational facets, viz: i) discursive interpretations of rural place, (post)nature and temporality; ii) experiential factors; iii) assessments of utility; and iv) local contexts. The thesis draws these together into a conceptual framework that helps guide analyses of place-change experiences. The framework’s value is demonstrated through applying it to the example of windfarms. The results reveal perceptions to be complex and multifarious but suggest that changes can be incorporated into place attachments and identities so long as highly-valued place assets are not harmed. The research makes a valuable contribution to geography by enhancing understandings about everyday rural lives and experiences; and revealing parallels between academic and lay discourses about landscape, ‘nature’ and place-temporality. It also adds to the considerable literature on perceptions of renewable energy by providing insights into attitudes towards windfarms at the post-construction, rather than proposal, stage.

The phenomenon of the reuse of prehistoric monuments—notably Bronze Age barrows—for early medieval burial has long been recognised as remarkably prevalent in the archaeological record. This systematic study of the landscape context of ‘Early-Middle Saxon’ burial in Wessex assumes a broader outlook, and considers all aspects of the antecedent landscape which may have influenced the siting of funerary locales. Engaging primarily with archaeological evidence, complemented by documentary and place-name sources, it examines the influence of topography, land-use, territorial organisation, and perceptions of ancient features on the location of burial sites, and the role played by burial in the formation of group identities. Moreover, it investigates the emergence and evolution of the practice of monument appropriation, and its exploitation and adaptation by an increasingly defined elite class. The selection of three case study counties—Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset—within a discrete area of southern England which, by the latter part of the period of study, had been incorporated into the kingdom of Wessex, allows the evidence to be examined at local and sub-regional levels, and facilitates supra-regional comparisons. The burial record is scrutinised and analysed with the aid of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in order to construct a detailed picture of the influence of topography and other aspects of the natural and man-made environment on burial location. It also reveals the significant impact that antiquarian and modern archaeological investigation patterns have had on the distribution and nature of the burial record.

A antiga literatura grega nos transmitiu um rico vocabulário para descrever a maneira de viver dos povos helênicos espalhados pelo Mediterrâneo. Essas mesmas palavras foram usadas para definir formas de organização social e urbana dos povos não gregos, das quais, porém, não conhecemos exatamente as suas estruturas e o léxico originário. O substantivo frúrion, cujo significado principal, a partir da época clássica, é fortaleza, posto fortificado, em Diodoro Sículo, historiador romano de língua e cultura grega, alterna-se a pólis para nomear as cidades indígenas. Os pesquisadores da Sicília grega passaram a usar a palavra para se referir às cidades nativas que mostram uma forte caracterização helênica após o seu contato com os ápoikoi. O propósito do presente estudo é indagar os assim-chamados frúria da Sicília central, a Sicania, prestando uma atenção particular à paisagem em que eles se desenvolveram, às suas estruturas urbana e extra-urbana e à manifestação por meio da cultura material do envolvimento entre as culturas grega e não grega, do final do VII ao IV séc. a.C. Embora o seu aparente isolamento geográfico, esta região desde o Neolítico esteve envolvida nos trânsitos que interconectavam diversas áreas da bacia do Mediterrâneo, mantendo, todavia, um certo conservadorismo, que ainda no V séc. a.C. a caracterizava. Entre o começo e a metade do VI séc. a.C., essa área entrou na órbita de interesse da componente ródio-cretense, entrelaçando com ela relações prevalentemente pacíficas e que foram evoluindo conforme as contingências históricas que determinavam as necessidades e os interesses de uma ou outra parte. As cidades indígenas assumiram papeis particulares com base nas peculiaridades geográficas ou culturais que as distinguiam e em sintonia com a nova realidade política. Entre os elementos levantados, observamos que a escolha do lugar para o assentamento, a organização do espaço urbano e a relação com a economia monetária dos nativos são uma expressão eloquente da nova realidade cultural que começou se configurar a partir do momento do contato entre as duas entidades. As populações locais, com efeito, ainda que adotando, em alguns casos, formas arquitetônicas helênicas, se organizaram no terreno de uma maneira bem diferente do típico esquema ortogonal das apokias; igualmente, elas aceitaram com dificuldade o sistema monetário como veículo de escambo, continuando a preferir o metal a peso, e por isso as moedas de bronze pesado de Akragas foram as mais difundidas e continuaram circulando também após a sua emissão oficial. Os indígenas permaneceram assentados nos cumes das colinas mais altas até o final do V séc. e, conforme a nossa proposta, esse padrão começou a mudar só a partir do IV séc. a.C., quando aos cidadãos locais se uniram os mercenários principalmente de origem peninsular. / Ancient Greek literature has given us a rich vocabulary to describe the way of life of Hellenic peoples throughout the Mediterranean. These same words were used to define the urban and social organization of non-Greek peoples, whose structures and original lexica are largely unknown to us. From the classic era onwards, the principal meaning of the noun phrourion is fort, or fortified outpost, and the Roman, but culturally and linguistically Greek, historian Diodorus Siculus, writing about Greek language and culture, alternates the term with polis to refer to indigenous cities. Scholars of Greek Sicily now use phrouria to refer to native cities still displaying a strongly Hellenic character after their contact with the apoikoi. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the so-called phrouria of central Sicily, Sicania, with particular emphasis upon the landscapes in which they developed, their urban and extraurban structures, and the material culture evidence for interactions between Greeks and non- Greeks, from the end of the 7th until the 4th century BC. Despite its apparent geographic isolation, this region was part of networks that interconnected diverse areas of the Mediterranean basin since the Neolithic. In the first half of the 6th century BC, the region entered the orbit of interest of the Rhodian-Cretan component, entangling predominantly pacific relations that were determined by historical contingencies and the needs and interests of different players. In line with the new political reality, indigenous cities played specific roles that were based upon their location and the cultural factors that distinguished them. It can be observed that the choice of settlement location, the organization of urban space, and the natives\' relationship with the new monetary economy, are eloquent expressions of the new cultural reality which begun from the first moment of contact with the Greeks. While still adopting, in some cases, Hellenic architectural forms, local populations organized the land differently to the typical orthogonal scheme of the apokiai. Equally, the monetary system as a barter vehicle was accepted with difficulty. People continued to prefer weighted metal and, as a result, heavy bronze coins from Akragas were the most widespread currency, continuing to circulate long after their official emission. Native settlements continued to be located on top of hills until the end of the 5th century, and it is proposed here that this trend started to change only from the 4th century onwards, when local citizens joined with mercenaries of largely peninsular origin.

The general aim of this thesis is to estimate nature of the man - landscape relationship in selected parts of the Novohradsko region. In the process of working on this thesis, many aspects, which could influence this connection, were considered. One of them was the forced transfer of German population from Czechoslovakia to Germany and Austria after World War II. Different extent of this process was the key to selection of the studied cadastral units. These cadasters were examined from the point of landscape changes and various landscape heritage comparison. The reason for this study was the complexity of the man - landscape relationship and the different aspects which can determine the nature of it. The results were confronted with the local people's perception by interviews. The thesis is structured into several parts. One of the crucial is the theoretical chapter, which presents the various attitudes to landscape, mainly those which emphasize land use discipline, landscape heritage, landscape memory and territorial identity. All these phenomenons appear in the other parts of the thesis. At first, the land use analysis in the South-Bohemian Borderland is made, then selected cadasters are examined in this way as well. An overview of the most important landscape heritage in those units follows....

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-11T14:31:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROZEANE ALBUQUERQUE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 2117189 bytes, checksum: 397e50002aa551c9144bc2e49c5324f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-11T14:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROZEANE ALBUQUERQUE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 2117189 bytes, checksum: 397e50002aa551c9144bc2e49c5324f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O Louzeiro, na década de 1960 um sítio de Campina Grande - Paraíba adquire o status de floresta protegida em 1990, e posteriormente, em 2013 é escolhido para abrigar o Jardim Botânico de Campina Grande. Esta pesquisa visou compreender quais as transformações ocorridas na construção imagético-discursiva e nas práticas dos seus moradores e frequentadores ao longo deste período, e as razões pela qual uma mancha verde de 60 hectares, localizada a 10 minutos do Centro da cidade, se invisibiliza, sendo desconhecida da população. Para tal buscamos perceber como a paisagem e a identidade campinenses foram construídas dialogando com os discursos emergentes e as intencionalidades quando das apropriações destes. As fontes utilizadas foram principalmente a legislação vigente ao longo deste recorte, entrevistas temáticas, mapas diversos, inventário de fauna e flora do local, acervo do Jornal da Paraíba e do site jusnavigandi, além de vídeos e fotos disponibilizados na internet, símbolos de Campina Grande, principalmente a bandeira, o brasão e o hino; o livro História de Campina Grande, de Elpídio de Almeida e documentos disponibilizados pelas Secretarias de Cultura, Meio Ambiente e Planejamento do Município. Verificamos que a emergência do discurso ambiental e da legislação por ele alimentada depois de 1970, trouxe à tona a necessidade de preservação das fontes de água doce localizadas no Louzeiro e por isso a sua transformação em zona de proteção. No entanto, apesar de ser um ecótono, o espaço tem por paisagem a Caatinga e esta mata branca ia de encontro a toda uma construção imagética de natureza alimentada pela mídia e também à construção de progresso, de cidade predestinada ao sucesso, fato ilustrado inclusive pelos seus “elementos naturais”, feita sobre Campina Grande na época do centenário da cidade, em 1964. A estes discursos soma-se a construção negativa que da Caatinga se fez desde o início do século XX e compreendemos o porquê da invisibilidade do Louzeiro, também agravada pelo uso da paisagem como elemento cênico, como algo a embelezar a cidade, belo que, em se tratando da natureza, foi alimentado pela mídia com imagens das florestas tropicais, com árvores altas e copas sempre verdes e fechadas. A historicização dos conceitos sobre natureza que dialogavam com o trabalho foi de grande importância para a compreensão do que a comunidade campinense esperava da construção da paisagem da cidade. / This research has as a proposal to understand how the Louzeiro, in the 1960´s a site in Campina Grande-Paraíba, acquires a status of protected forest in 1990, and later, in 2013,it is chosen to shelter the Botanical Garden of Campina Grande. Which transformations occurred during the imagetic-discursive construction of this space and in the actions of its inhabitants and visitors throughout this period. Moreover, what were the reasons for a green spot of 60 acres, located 10 minutes from downtown, to turn invisible, being unknown by the majority of the populatio. For that, we intended to perceive how the landscapes and the identity of the “Campinenses” were imageticdiscursively built, dialoging with the emerging speeches and the willfulness related to its appropriation. The sources used were mainly the current legislation throughout this research, thematic interviews, various maps, fauna and flora inventory, collection from “Jornal da Paraíba” and from the “jusnavigandi”. Furthermore, it was used videos and pictures from the internet, symbols of Campina Grande, specially the flag, coat of arms, anthem; the book “História de Campina Grande” of Elpídio de Almeida and documents provided by the Departments of Culture, Environment and Planning of the city. We verified that the emergency of the environmental speech and the legislation fed by it after 1970, brought up the need for the preservation of the fresh water fountains located in the Louzeiro, and because of that, the transformation into a protection zone was necessary. However, despite being an ecotone, the area has as its main landscape the “Caatinga”. This white jungle was opposite to all the imagetic construction of nature fed by the media and also to the construction of progress, of a city predestined to success, fact that was illustrated by the “natural elements”, done about Campina Grande in the time of its hundredth anniversary in 1964. Along with these speeches, we add the negative construction of the “Caatinga” which has been done since the beginning of the 20th century, making it possible to understand the invisibility of the Louzeiro. This invisibility was aggravated by the use of the landscape as a scenic element, as something to beautify the city, aspect that has been fed by the media with rain forest images, with tall trees and evergreen and dense tops. The historicization of the concepts about nature that dialoged with the work was of great importance for the understanding of what the community awaited with the construction of the city´s landscape.