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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Etude de la vitesse de formation des suies à partir de l'éthylène en présence d'hydrogène par les méthodes du tube à choc et du brûleur au moyen de différentes techniques optiques / A shock tube and burner study on soot growth rate from ethylene in presence of hydrogen by different optical diagnostics

De Iuliis, Silvana 16 December 2009 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objet d'améliorer la connaissance du mécanisme de formation de suie. Deux méthodes ont été utilisées pour produire des particules de suie dans des conditions contrôlées : le brûleur à flamme plat où les particules se forment par combustion de mélanges d'éthylène/air riches et le tube à choc dans lequel la suie est produite par pyrolyse de C2H4 à haute pression (5 bar) et dans un large domaine de température (1850-2100 K). Ces deux systèmes ont été équipés avec un dispositif original de diffusion laser à trois angles couplé à l’extinction laser pour suivre la croissance de particules, identifier les différentes étapes de leur mécanisme de formation et en déduire l'évolution de la fraction volumique des suies, leur rendement, leur structure et leur morphologie. Dans la flamme, l’addition de H2 entraîne une réduction globale de la concentration des suies, de leur diamètre moyen des particules et leurs agglomérats, de la densité en nombre de particules. Dans le tube à choc, on n’observe pas de dépendance significative du délai d'induction à la formation des particules par addition de H2. La courbe de rendement en suie en fonction de la température présente la même forme avec et sans hydrogène mais le rendement maximal est fortement abaissé en présence d’hydrogène pour une concentration initiale fixée en atomes de carbone. Le rôle de l’hydrogène sur la croissance des particules et les caractéristiques des suies est discuté en comparant les résultats obtenus dans le cas de la flamme de prémélange et derrière l’onde de choc réfléchie respectivement. / The aim of this thesis was to improve the knowledge of the soot formation mechanism. Two methods have been used to produce soot particles in controlled conditions: flat flame burner where particles were formed by combustion of rich ethylene/air mixtures and shock tube in which soot was produced by C2H4 pyrolysis at high pressure (5 bar) and in a large range of temperature (1850-2100 K). Both systems have been equipped with a novel technique of scattering at three angles coupled with laser extinction device in order to follow particles growth, to identify different steps of their formation mechanism and to deduce soot volume fraction evolution, soot yield, structure and morphology. In the flame, an overall reduction of soot concentration, mean volume diameter, particles number density was observed when hydrogen was added to combustible mixture. In shock tube, induction delay time of particle formation does not depend on H2 addition. The typical curves of soot yield versus temperature present the same shape with and without H2 ; the maximum yield occurs at the same temperature (near 2000 K) but the yield is strongly lower in presence of H2 for a given C atom concentration. The role of hydrogen on particles growth rate and soot characteristics was discussed by comparing the results obtained respectively in the premixed flames and behind reflected shock waves.
2

Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Pressurized Oxy-Coal Reactor Exhaust System

Skousen, Aaron Bradley 01 June 2019 (has links)
One of the challenges facing engineers is to provide clean, sustainable, affordable and reliable electricity. One of the major pollutants associated with coal combustion is CO2. A proposed technology for efficiently capturing CO2 while producing electricity is pressurized oxy-combustion (POC). The first objective of this work is to design, build and demonstrate an exhaust system for a 20 atmosphere oxy-coal combustor. The second objective of this work is to design and build mounts for a two-color laser extinction method in the POC. The POC reactor enables the development of three key technologies: a coal dry-feed system, a high pressure burner, and an ash management system. This work focuses on cooling the flue gas by means of a spray quench and heat exchanger; controlling the reactor pressure and removing ash from the flue gas. Designs and models of each component in the exhaust systems are presented. Methods to test and assemble each system are also discussed. The spray quench flow rate was measured as a function of pump pressure. Theoretical models for the required amount of water in the spray quench, the flue gas composition, the length and number of tubes in the heat exchanger, and the cyclone collection efficiency are presented. The combined exhaust system is assembled and ready to be tested once issues involving the control system and burner are resolved.

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