El presente trabajo de investigación plantea la implementación y desarrollo de un planeamiento para el aseguramiento del flujo de construcción mediante la innovación con last planner system aplicado como ejemplo en un proyecto de edificación de gran envergadura. Los proyectos en el sector de edificaciones tienen una premisa constante en ser más cortos en plazo y ajustado en presupuesto, esto genera que el riesgo aumente por esta condición contractual y de mercado teniendo como consecuencia el reto al equipo de construcción para poder optimizar y sincerar el planeamiento inicial con el cual fue adjudicado. En este trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado soluciones como crítica al planeamiento inicial en el cual durante la ejecución se había perdido plazo poniendo en riesgo el proyecto. Es por ello que, se planteó como soluciones lo siguiente: Encofrado de vigas prearmado, desfase de núcleo de ascensor y optimización de torre grúa. Estas optimizaciones y cambios al planeamiento inicial se ejecutaron con éxito en el proyecto de manera que se obtuvo como resultado la recuperación del plazo y adelanto en la ejecución. / This research work proposes the implementation and development of a strategic planning for the assurance of the construction flow through innovation applied as an example in a large-scale building project. The projects in the building sector have a constant premise of being shorter in terms of time and tight in budget, this generates that the risk increases due to this contractual and market condition, resulting in the challenge to the construction team to be able to optimize and honest the initial planning with which it was awarded. In this research work, solutions have been developed as critical to the initial planning in which, during the execution, time had been lost, putting the project at risk. That is why the following solutions were proposed: pre-assembled beam formwork, elevator core offset and tower crane optimization. These optimizations and changes to the initial planning were successfully executed in the project, resulting in the recovery of the deadline and advancement in the execution. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de estudiar los procesos de gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento y su correlación con la información necesaria para la gestión y control de las actividades propias del área de producción en obra, dentro de un proyecto de inversión pública para un Hospital de categoría III-1 ubicado en la región Huánuco. Dentro de este contexto se desarrollarán indicadores de la cadena de abastecimiento que permitirán evaluar la situación presentada en el mencionado proyecto con referencia al seguimiento logístico y cómo se impacta posteriormente la gestión Last Planner. En el capítulo 1: Se detallan aspectos generales del presente trabajo de investigación, se realiza el planteamiento del problema, se determina el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos, justificación, alcances y limitaciones. En el capítulo 2: Se detalla el Marco Teórico, introduciendo los conceptos básicos de la cadena de abastecimiento, conceptos de la gestión de adquisiciones acorde al Project Management Institute 6ta edición, el Lean Project Delivery System según lean Construction Institute, la cadena de abastecimiento de los proyectos constructivos según London y Kenley, la Gestión por procesos, la clasificación ABC y la definición de los indicadores logísticos. En el capítulo 3: Se realizó el análisis del entorno situacional, dentro del Macro y Micro entorno, además se hizo el análisis interno de la empresa ejecutora del proyecto de investigación, complementando esto con la descripción y diagnóstico del proyecto, para compararlo con otros similares como: el Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, el Hospital Alta Complejidad III-E: Trujillo y el Hospital II-1: Rioja. En el capítulo 4: Se desarrolla el análisis de los indicadores de gestión y de las pérdidas económicas del proyecto, además se plantea la propuesta de mejora que consiste en un Plan de Implementación, medición, análisis y retroalimentación de la cadena de abastecimiento y su impacto en la productividad del proyecto hospitalario mediante el empleo de indicadores, cerrando el capítulo con una evaluación económica de dicha propuesta. En el capítulo 5: Refiere las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se traducirán en alternativas de mejora con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo central del presente trabajo de investigación. Finalmente, el presente trabajo de investigación busca ser un aporte en el desarrollo y ejecución de proyectos hospitalarios tan necesarios actualmente debido a la presente coyuntura de salud en el país. / The present investigation has the purpose of studying supply chain management processes and their correlation with the information necessary for the management and control of the activities of the production area on-site, within a public investment project for a level III-1 Hospital placed in Huánuco region. In this context, it will be developed supply chain indicators that allow testing the present situation in the studied project involving supply tracking and its impact on last planner management. On Chapter 1: General aspects of this research are detailed, the problem statement is carried out, the general objective and the specific objectives, justification, scope and limitations are determined. On Chapter 2: The theory frame is detailed, introducing the basic concepts of the supply chain, concepts of procurement management according to the Project Management Institute 6th edition, the Lean Project Delivery System according to the Lean Construction Institute, the supply chain of construction projects according to London and Kenley, Management by processes, ABC classification and the definition of logistics indicators. On Chapter 3: The situational environment analysis carried out, within the Macro and Microenvironment, in addition, the internal analysis of the company executing the research project developed, complementing this with the description and diagnosis of the project, to compare it with other similar ones such as Hospital Nivel III-2: Lima, the High Complexity Hospital III-E: Trujillo and the II-1 Hospital: Rioja. On Chapter 4: The analysis of the management indicators and the economic losses of the project developed, in addition, the improvement proposal proposed, which comprises an Implementation Plan, measurement, analysis, and feedback of the supply chain and its productivity impact of the hospital project through the use of indicators, closing the chapter with an economic evaluation of the proposal. On chapter 5: It refers to the conclusions and recommendations that will be translated into alternatives for improvement in order to achieve the central objective of this research work Finally, the present research seeks to be a contribution to the development and execution of hospital projects that are so necessary for the current health situation in the country. / Trabajo de investigación

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

This thesis describes a research investigation into the implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS) in Nigeria, to improve construction processes within the Nigerian construction industry. LPS is known to be the most developed practical use of Lean Construction. It focuses on minimising the negative impacts of variability, uncertainties, buffers, making projects more predictable, creating reliable work plans and convalescing collaborative planning. However, the Nigerian construction industry is associated with a number of challenges which impair its performance. These challenges were grouped and classified into six major barriers: these include: supervision and quality control, fluctuation and variations, subcontractor involvement, resistance to change, cultural issues, and lengthy approvals. Consequently, a Design Science Research (DSR) approach is adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. In order to achieve this aim, an Action Research strategy is adopted and three case studies are reported; two of these cases describe how LPS was successfully implemented in construction projects within Nigeria. While the third case involved an investigation into the state of production plan reliability, of a successful project in Nigeria. These projects were selected based on non-probabilistic sampling from different geographical locations in Nigeria to represent different kinds of construction projects within the country. The first and second cases involved the implementation of LPS within the construction of a prototype student’s hostel and the construction a 4 Kilometre single carriageway road respectively. The third on the other hand involved the construction of a multipurpose hydro-power dam project; where comparisons were made between typical LPS projects and the project management techniques applied within the project. Data was collected through observation site activities, interviews, documentary analysis and questionnaire survey. The data generated was subsequently analysed by means of content analysis and evaluated in terms of its reliability, validity, representativeness, flexibility, rigour and reflexivity. In view of the LPS implementation within the two case studies, six barriers were identified and classified together with the six barriers associated with the Nigerian Construction industry. These barriers were linked, measured and ranked in averages of their degrees of occurrences. It was revealed that the major barriers were cultural issues and resistance to change, while the others include; lengthy approval, subcontractor’s involvement, poor supervision and quality, fluctuations and variations. Hence, a framework was developed to mitigate these barriers, when implementing LPS in construction projects in Nigeria. The main steps of the framework include: the need to identify purpose; the need to identify stakeholders impact; the need to obtain Sponsorship; the need to build a cross functional team; the need to create measurement indices; the need for training on Lean techniques and LPS; and finally the need to create a right working climate. Furthermore a focus group between construction practitioners was organised to test and evaluate the framework developed. It was revealed from the focus group that the framework has the potential to facilitate the implementation process as proposed.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

O processo de projeto tem importante papel na geração de valor, pois define o produto de forma que este atenda às necessidades do cliente. No entanto, o planejamento e controle deste processo na indústria da construção são, em geral, informais e ineficazes. Estes problemas tendem a ser mais graves em empreendimentos rápidos e complexos, quando envolvem sistemas pré-fabricados, normalmente caracterizados como sistemas do tipo engineer-to-order (ETO). Visando a aprimorar o processo de projeto, muitas empresas tem implementado conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta, podendo ser destacado o uso do Sistema Last Planner (SLP), que contribui para proteger a produção da variabilidade do processo, assim como para eliminá-la. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de planejamento e controle de projetos em empresas que projetam, fabricam e montam sistemas pré-fabricados, com características de sistema de produção do tipo ETO. Foi realizado um estudo empírico no setor de projetos de empresa de sistemas construtivos metálicos, com sede na Região Sul do Brasil. Inicialmente, o SLP foi implementado em duas equipes de projeto, sendo refinado e adaptado ao contexto da empresa. Depois, o SLP refinado foi implementado em outras quatro equipes. Como principais contribuições destacam-se o papel do modelo proposto no aumento da transparência de processos e na melhoria da confiabilidade deste processo, possibilitando o planejamento integrado entre as equipes de projeto. O modelo pode ser aplicado a sistemas pré-fabricados do tipo ETO, não somente no contexto de sistemas construtivos metálicos, mas em equipes de projetos que desenvolvem múltiplos projetos simultaneamente. / The design process plays an important role in value generation, since it defines the products that must meet customer needs. However, design planning and control in the construction industry are often informal and ineffective. This problem tends to bring serious consequences, especially in fast and complex projects that involve prefabricated building systems, normally defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) environments. In order to improve the design process, several companies have implemented lean production concepts and principles, and especially the Last Planner System (LPS) for production control, which shields production from upstream variability as well as contributes for reducing it. The aim of this study is to propose a model for planning and controlling the design process in companies that design, manufacture and assemble prefabricated ETO building systems. An empirical study was carried out is the design department of a steel fabricator based in Southern Brazil. Initially, LPS was implemented in two design teams, being refined and adapted to the context of the company. Then, the existing LPS was implemented in four other design teams. The main contributions of this investigation is the role of the proposed model in increasing process transparency and improving the reliability of the design process, making it possible to produce an integrated plan for the whole design department. This model is not limited to steel fabricators, but is applicable to any ETO prefabricated building systems, in which design teams carry out multiple design projects simultaneously.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo reducir la variabilidad en la productividad del proyecto vial “Mejoramiento de la transitabilidad vehicular y peatonal de la Av. Paul Poblet Lind desde el Jr. Comercio, Zona 1, hasta el puente Inca Moya, centro poblado de Cieneguilla - Distrito de Cieneguilla - Provincia de Lima - Región de Lima” aplicando una guía de implementación de herramientas y metodologías de Lean Construction, las cuales fueron, principalmente, la Gestión Visual y el Last Planner System (LPS). Para la implementación y aplicación de las herramientas de Lean Construction mencionadas anteriormente, la metodología de trabajo de la presente investigación incluye la elaboración de la guía propuesta, la misma que plantea un flujograma de planificación de trabajos en proyectos viales con enfoque Lean Construction con la finalidad de tener un mejor control del avance de actividades, empleo de recursos y producción, así como del cumplimiento de compromisos y metas durante la ejecución del proyecto. La guía propuesta se aplicó desde la semana 30 hasta la semana 36 del proyecto de estudio. Durante esta etapa, se realizaron semanalmente el Análisis de Restricciones, Porcentaje de Plan Completado (PPC), Causas de No Cumplimiento (CNC) y Porcentaje de Cumplimento de Restricciones (PCR). Estos indicadores, finalmente fueron relacionados con los resultados de las curvas de productividad de las partidas de control seleccionadas. Esto alineado a mejorar la productividad, logrando así que la productividad real acumulada de las partidas de control sea superior a la presupuestada, con lo cual el sistema productivo no presentó pérdidas. / The purpose of present thesis is to reduce the variability in the productivity of the road project “Mejoramiento de la transitabilidad vehicular y peatonal de la Av. Paul Poblet Lind desde el Jr. Comercio, Zona 1, hasta el puente Inca Moya, centro poblado de Cieneguilla - Distrito de Cieneguilla - Provincia de Lima - Región de Lima” applying an implementation guide of tools and methodologies of Lean Construction, which mainly were Visual Management and the Last Planner System (LPS). For the implementation and application of the Lean Construction tools previously referred, the work methodology of present research includes the elaboration of the proposed guide same that suggest a workflow of work planification in road projects focusing on Lean Construction in order to have a better control of the activities advance, use of resources and production, as well as to fulfill the commitments and goals during the execution of the project. The proposed guide was applied since the 30th. week until the 36th week of the study project. During this stage, the Restriction Analysis, Percentage of Plan Completed (PPC), Reasons for Non-Compliance (RNC) and Percentage of Constraint Removal (PCR) were weekly made. These indicators were finally related to the results of the productivity curves of the selected control items. All of this aligned to improve the productivity, achieving like this, that the real accumulated productivity of the control items, will be superior to the budget, demonstrating that no losses were obtained on the production system. / Tesis

La presente tesis es una “Propuesta de mejora del proceso de planificación de proyectos en una empresa de construcción con sistema drywall” desarrollada en una PYME del rubro construcción. La propuesta está basada en herramientas de ingeniería para contrarrestar el problema identificado en la empresa en estudio que es la demora en la entrega de proyectos de construcción. Para ello, en la presente tesis está estructurada en 6 capítulos. En el capítulo 1 se presenta el Marco teórico, en el cual se define el sistema constructivo drywall, metodologías y herramientas de mejora aplicables al proceso de planificación de proyectos de construcción y a la reducción y/o eliminación de demora en la entrega al cliente. En el capítulo 2 se presenta el diagnóstico, en el cual se describe la empresa, las condiciones en las que opera, el problema, los procesos involucrados con el problema, causas raíces, impacto económico y las herramientas aplicables a la reducción y/o eliminación del problema. En el capítulo 3 se desarrolla la evaluación de alternativas de solución, en el cual se describe el plan de implementación de las herramientas 5S y Last Planner System. En el capítulo 4 se muestra la validación de la propuesta de mejora compuesta por juicio experto y la validación económica. En el capítulo 5, se muestra el impacto de la mejora en los stakeholders mediante una matriz Leopold. Finalmente, en el capítulo 6 se muestran las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la presente tesis. / This thesis is a "Proposal for improvement of the project planning process in a construction company with gypsum panel system" developed in an SME of the construction sector. The proposal is based on engineering tools to counteract the problem in the company in the study that is the delay in the delivery of construction projects. For this, in this thesis is structured in 6 chapters. Chapter 1 presents the theoretical framework, which defines the construction system of drywall, methodologies and tools to improve the planning process of construction projects and the reduction and / or elimination of the delay in delivery to the client. In chapter 2 the diagnosis is presented, in which the company is described, the conditions in which it operates, the problem, the processes related to the problem, the root causes, the economic impact and the tools applicable to the reduction and / or the elimination of the problem. Chapter 3 describes the evaluation of solution alternatives, and describes the implementation plan of the 5S and Last Planner System tools. Chapter 4 shows the validation of the improvement proposal composed of expert judgment and economic validation. In Chapter 5, the impact of the improvement on stakeholders is shown through a Leopold matrix. Finally, chapter 6 shows the conclusions and recommendations of this thesis. / Tesis