This thesis examines the rights of landowners in Scotland in relation to water flowing through their land. In the first part of the thesis, it is argued that water is a communal thing which is incapable of ownership (or other real rights) in its natural state. Instead, the only right which anyone can have, and which everyone indeed does have, to water in its natural state is the right to obtain ownership through appropriation. In practice, however, those who own the beds of bodies of water such as rivers and lochs have the best opportunity to use water and exercise the right of appropriation due to their ability to access water freely. The second part of the thesis then examines who owns the land beneath water including the sea-bed, foreshore and alveus of rivers and lochs. The law regarding changes to boundaries between dry land and land covered by water is also investigated. The third and most substantial part of the thesis analyses the restrictions to which owners of the banks and beds of rivers and lochs are subject through common interest. This doctrine comprises a set of (generally) reciprocal rights and obligations which regulates the use of water by landowners. Common interest evolved as a result of the burgeoning use of water power between 1730 and 1830. Due to the limited material available from Roman law and the institutional writers, the courts had to experiment with various theories to resolve the disputes with which they were confronted. Following the establishment of the doctrinal foundation of common interest – in which Lord Kames had a pivotal role – there was rapid development of the content of the rights and obligations of landowners with respect to water over the 18th and 19th centuries. In light of the preceding explanation of the historical background, the final chapter of the thesis provides a restatement of the modern law of common interest. This thesis has adopted a historical and, to a lesser extent, comparative approach with the aim of providing a comprehensive study of a distinct area of water law and water rights in Scotland.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Marburg.

Thesis--Zürich. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed 14 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

The thesis is concerned on the topic "Instruments of environmental protection in the Czech Republic". The environmental law knows some categories of instruments. Mostly they are divided according to the influence to the subjects, respectively if they have direct influence to subjects or not. First category of direct instruments is called conceptual instruments and includes group of plans, programs and other documents concerned on scheming in area of environmental protection. Second group of direct instruments is called administrative instruments. These instruments contain commands, prohibitions, permits and approvals. They also contain standards categorization and ecologically-legal liability. Third group of direct instruments is called voluntary instruments. These instruments contain voluntary agreements, environmental managements systems and eco-labeling. Last group of instrument described in this thesis are institutional instruments. They are concerned on system of institutions which have some competences in environmental protection. They are divided according to area of their competences or according to the kind of competences they have. Indirect instruments are represented mostly by the economical instruments. These instruments are divided according to the form of stimulation of subjects'...

China, the world's most populous country, has been experiencing a severe water crisis. This has manifested itself through water shortages, water pollution and natural water disasters, and has been exacerbated by the rapid social and economic development that has taken place in the last two decades. To deal with these problems, an integrated water resources management programme, within which an effective and enforceable water rights system can play a key role, should emerge as soon as possible under the principle of sustainable development. However, there are many problems under the water rights system in the current Chinese water law, involving the property right of water resources, the human right to water, and the environmental right to water. ... this dissertation recommends a well structured water rights system under which the economic, social and environmental values of water resources co-exist equitably in harmony.

This thesis is a comparative law study of the national water laws of four jurisdictions - Scotland, England, South Africa and Queensland Australia. The purpose of the research was to develop an analytical framework for reform of national water law. The management of the water resource is a pressing global concern and law is one of the disciplines working to achieve this. As part of the global policy agenda for water, many states are reforming their national laws; many other actors are also engaged in these processes. However there is no framework for this area of law reform, no structure against which reform proposals can be assessed. This thesis attempts to draw out such a framework, by a primarily positivist and pragmatist analysis.

Thesis (PhD(Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 301-310).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Augsburg, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [281]-312) and index.