Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka nytillsatta förstalinjes chefers upplevelser i en nyskapad tjänst, som benämns funktionschef, med 50 procent arbete i produktionen och 50 procent chefsuppgifter. Cheferna har tillträtt tjänsten internt och har ingen erfarenhet av ledarskap sen tidigare. Uppsatsen bygger på nio intervjuer och materialet analyserades genom en grundläggande kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att funktionscheferna upplever det positivt att ha blivit internt tillsatt till tjänsten då de har en större förståelse för myndigheten och arbetsuppgifterna samt en kännedom om sina medarbetare. Funktionscheferna upplever att en tjänst med två befattningar, arbete i produktionen och chefsuppgifter, är positivt för egen utveckling och gynnar arbetsgruppen och myndigheten. I dagsläget uppnår funktionscheferna inte 50 procent på vardera uppgifter vilket skulle vara önskvärt. Utvecklingsmöjligheter hos en arbetsgivare är av stor vikt för arbetstagare i dagens samhälle. Vetenskaplig forskning påvisar att ledare med erfarenhet om organisationen har bättre förutsättningar att lyckas som ledare. / The purpose of this study is to look at first-line managers engaged in a new role with 50 percent still working in the production and 50 percent working as a manager. The managers have no experience of leadership and are internal recruited to the position as a first line manager after a reorganization one year ago. The essay took form from nine interviews and the data were analyzed using a basic qualitative research. The result shows that the manager experiences of internal recruitment are positive. It gives them a deeper understanding of the authority, the work tasks and their coworkers. The possibilities of development are an important thing an employer should offer the employees. A leader with experience from the organization has better conditions to be a successful leader.

The first construct of this study is leadership styles. This well-known concept has been widely explored in the research. Many different models have germinated from the different theories developed on leadership styles, and for the purpose of this research, the leadership style model approach developed by Kurt Lewin has been used as a framework or paradigm. According to this approach, their main styles are identified. These styles are known as authoritarian style, participating style and delegative style. The second construct that this study focuses on is the psychological contract. This is a well known concept that has been widely researched. It was found to have a strong impact on employers as well as employees in the workplace. Although numerous studies have been done regarding "the experience of employee and employer obligations through perceived promises made in the reciprocal employee-organisation relationship", it is evident that further research regarding the relationship with other concepts could be of immense value. The general objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between different leadership styles and the psychological contract in work teams. A quota sample (N= 151) was taken of team leaders and their members of work teams in the Process and Maintenance departments of a Mining Factory in Lichtenburg, North West Province. The Psycones questionnaire ("Psychological Contracts among Employment Relations) was used to measure the psychological contract while the leadership style questionnaire was used to identify the different leadership styles. Data collection was done by means of structured questionnaires through exploratory research by using a cross-sectional design. Cronbach alpha coefficients, factor analysis, inter-item correlation coefficients, Pearson product moment correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The first objective of this study was to conceptualise the relationship between leadership styles and the psychological contract, which was achieved through an in depth literature review on the two constructs. A literature review on the psychological contract highlighted an integrative definition as well as an exploration of psychological contract breach and violation, and the consequences thereof. The review on the leadership styles gives a broad explanation of the different styles identified as well as the relevant impact thereof. The second objective of this study was to determine the construct validity and reliability of the leadership style questionnaire and psychological contract questionnaires. With the support from previous validated studies of these questionnaires carried out in a South African context, factor analyses and reliability analyses were nevertheless carried out and the results corresponded with the previous findings indicating the viability of these questionnaires. The third objective was to determine the relationship between the leadership styles and the psychological contract constructs. Through correlation analyses significant correlations achieved were those between the Delegate-Participative style and the Emotions of the PC as well as a positive relationship which was shown between Delegate-Participative style and the Emotions of the PC with a large effect. These conclusions sturdily propose a relationship between the Delegative-Participative Style and the PC. A multiple regression analysis with delegative-participative leadership style as dependent variable was carried out. When all component of the psychological contract were a statistically significant model was produced, with the variance explained increasing with 50%. The results indicated that a relationship exists between the delegative-participative leadership style and the psychological contract. Limitations within this research were identified, and recommendations were made for the both the profession of employers and employees in the mining company as well as for future research purposes. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

In a new world of work characterised by competitiveness, benchmarking, technological innovation and efficiency, the South African chemical industry needs to function at an optimal level to meet the demands of its stakeholders and employees. The industry needs leadership of the highest standard and an efficient, productive workforce. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between leader empowering behaviour, self-efficacy, job resources and work-related flow for employees in the chemical industry. More specifically, it was examined whether personal and organisational resources facilitated flow at work, and whether employees who experienced flow mobilised more resources over time. The research method consisted of a literature review and an empirical study. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data. An availability sample (N= 213) from employees in the chemical industry was taken. A biographical questionnaire and a self-constructed instrument (JDRS) were used to measure the unique job demands and job resources in the chemical industry. Along with the JDRS, the WOrk-reLated Flow Scale (WOLF), the Leader Empowering Behaviour Questionnaire (LEBQ) and General Perceived Self-efficacy Questionnaire (GPSQ) were used as measuring instruments. The statistical analysis was conducted with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the research indicate that the availability of leader empowering behaviour (i.e. delegation of authority, self-directed decision making, information sharing, and coaching for innovative performance), self-efficacy and job resources (i.e. supervision, availability of resources and autonomy) can result in higher levels of work-related flow in the workplace. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to determine if any significant relationships existed between secondary school teachers’ perceptions of principal leader integrity as measured by the Perceived Leadership Integrity Scale ([PLIS], Craig & Gustafson, 1998) and schools’ organizational health as perceived by secondary school teachers and gauged by the Organizational Health Inventory for Secondary Schools ([OHI-S], Hoy & Feldman, 1987). The study also explored the seven OHI-S dimensions: (1) Institutional Integrity, (2) Initiating Structure, (3) Consideration, (4) Principal Influence, (5) Resource Support, (6) Morale, and (7) Academic Emphasis—and their relationships with the demographics of the sample. The sample involved six hundred fifty (650) Tennessee secondary school teachers identified through a purposive sampling process. These teachers completed both surveys and the requested demographic questionnaire online. Pearson product correlations revealed statistically significant relationships between Perceived Leader Integrity (PLI) and the composite score calculated from the scores of the seven OHI-S dimensions—the Organizational Health Index (OH Index), as well as between PLI and each of the seven OHI-S dimensions. Multiple regression analysis provided closer scrutiny of the data. In terms of the seven dimensions on PLI, this analysis showed the OH Index to have a moderate direct relationship, Consideration to be the strongest indicator, and Institutional Integrity and Academic Emphasis to a have a smaller, but statistically significant relationships. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance tests were conducted to determine differences between and among PLI, the OH Index, and the demographic variables. Subject taught was strongly significant in relation to the seven OHI-S dimensions. The Tukey HSD and the Bonferroni correction were performed to examine more closely the significant differences found to exist among educational level or total years of teaching experience and the OH Index, as well as each of its seven dimensions. These findings help broaden understanding of the relationship between leadership and ethics. Northouse (2004) suggests that clarification of this relationship can identify implications for policy and decision making. Future research should explore the use of longitudinal or qualitative research methodology to study PLI and organizational health in greater depth.

The research work presented here is concerned with numerical simulations of two different electrical phenomena: Long gap electrical discharges under switching impulses and the lightning attachment process associated with positive upward leaders. The development of positive upward leaders and the progression of discharges in long gaps are attributable to two intertwined physical phenomena, namely, the leader channel and the streamer zone. The physical description and the proposed calculations of the above-mentioned phenomena are based on experimental tests conducted in long spark gaps. The methodology presented here proposes a new geometrical approximation for the representation of the streamer and the calculation of the accumulated electrical charge. Furthermore, two different approaches to representing the leader channel are applied and compared. Statistical delays before the inception of the first corona, and random distributions to represent the tortuous nature of the path taken by the leader channel were included based on the behavior observed in experimental tests, with the intention of ensuring the discharge behaved in a realistic manner. A reasonable agreement was found between the physical model and the experimental test results. A model is proposed to simulate the negative discharges produced by switching impulses using the methodology developed to simulate positive leader discharges and the physics underlying the negative leader phenomena. The validation of the method demonstrated that phenomena such as the pilot leader and negative leader currents are successfully represented. In addition, based on previous work conducted on the physics of lightning and the lightning attachment process, a new methodology is developed and tested. In this new approach, the background electric field and the ionized region, considered in conjunction with the advance of the leader segment, are computed using a novel method. The proposed methodology was employed to test two engineering methods that are accepted in international standards, the mesh method and the electro-geometrical method. The results demonstrated that the engineering approximations are consistent with the physical approach. In addition to the electrical phenomena mentioned above, one should remember that, to simplify the calculation, there are certain real effects arising from the lightning attachment process that have not been considered. In fact, when a structure is subjected to a strong electric field, it is possible to generate multiple upward leaders from that structure. This effect has not been taken into account in the numerical models available previously, and therefore the process of generating multiple upward leaders incepted over a structure is incorporated here. The results have shown that a slight advantage from the background electric field is enough for one upward connecting leader to take over, thereby forcing the others to abort the attachment process.

Thesis (MA (Theol.)-University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

How much damage can a malicious tiny device cause in a single-hopwireless network? Imagine two players, Alice and Bob, who want toexchange information. Collin, a malicious adversary, wants to preventthem from communicating. By broadcasting at the same time as Alice orBob, Collin can destroy their messages or overwhelm them with his ownmalicious data. Being a tiny device, however, Collin can onlybroadcast up to B times. Given that Alice and Bob do not knowB, and cannot distinguish honest from malicious messages, howlong can Collin prevent them from communicating? We show the answerto be 2B + Theta(lg|V|) communication rounds, where V is theset of values that Alice and Bob may transmit. We prove this resultto be optimal by deriving an algorithm that matches our lowerbound---even in the stronger case where Alice and Bob do not start thegame at the same time.We then argue that this specific 3-player game captures the generalextent to which a malicious adversary can disrupt coordination in asingle-hop wireless network. We support this claim by deriving---via reduction from the 3-player game---round complexity lower boundsfor several classical n-player problems: 2B + Theta(lg|V|) for reliable broadcast,2B + Omega(lg(n/k)) for leader election among k contenders,and 2B + Omega(k*lg(|V|/k)) for static k-selection. We then consider an extension of our adversary model that also includes up to t crash failures. We study binary consensus as the archetypal problem for this environment and show a bound of 2B + Theta(t) rounds. We conclude by providing tight, or nearly tight, upper bounds for all four problems. The new upper and lower bounds in this paper represent the first such results for a wireless network in which the adversary has the ability to disrupt communication.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An exploratory study, conducted in a clothing manufacturing plant, investigated the presence of a single psychological climate in an organisation, as well as the relationship between two increasingly important constructs namely: leader emotional intelligence and the psychological climate of an organisation. Of a total employee population of 1725 a sample of 600 participants were drawn. 297 Completed responses were returned for analyses. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on both The Swinburne University Emotional Intelligence Test (SUEIT), which is designed to measure emotional intelligence, and the Organisational Climate Questionnaire of Koys and DeCotiis, which measures psychological climate. Stepwise discriminant analysis provided evidence to accept the proposition that a single psychological climate existed in the organisation. The results of a Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression and discriminant analysis indicated that emotional intelligence is significantly, positively related to psychological climate as a dependant variable. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Eksploratiewe studie is onderneem in 'n klere vervaardigingsonderneming om ondersoek in te stel na die aanwesigheid van 'n enkel sielkundige klimaat, asook die verwantskap tussen twee belangrike konstrukte, naamlik emosionele intelligensie en sielkundige klimaat in 'n organisasie. 'n Steekproef van 600 deelnemers is geneem uit 'n populasie van 1725 waarvan 297 voltooide antwoorde ontvang en geanaliseer is. 'n Eksploratiewe Faktor Analise (EFA) is op beide die Swinburne Universiteit Emosionele Intelligensie Toets (SUIET), en die Organisasie Klimaat Vraelys van Koys en De Cotiis, wat onderskeidelik emosionele intelligensie en sielkundige klimaat meet, uitgevoer. Bewyse deur middel van stapsgewyse diskriminante analise is ingewin om die hipotese te aanvaar dat 'n enkel sielkundige klimaat in die organisasie aanwesig is. Die resultate van 'n Pearson korrelasie, meervoudige regressie en diskrimante analise het aangedui dat emosionele intelligensie beduidend, positief verwant is aan sielkundige klimaat as 'n afhanklike veranderlike.

Orientador: Áurea Maria de Oliveira / Banca: Maria Rosa Rodrigues Martins de Camargo / Banca: Luciene Regina Paulino Tognetta / Resumo: O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com 10 líderes comunitários, adultos, que estão inseridos no Projeto Rede Social, coordenado pelo Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial, localizado no municipio de Limeira/SP, os quais traziam diversas experiências e histórias de vida da comunidade e de sua atuação junto à mesma. Com o propósito de caracterizar os sujeitos; de buscar categorias que permitissem identificar na fala dos mesmos os principios éticos e morais subjacentes a sua ação; verificar se os princípios morais identificados no discurso sobre a sua ação permaneciam ao refletir sobre a desigualdade de "outros" que não os "seus". Foi necessária a organização de algumas categorias, essas categorias foram analisadas a luz do referencial teórico de Piaget e Kohlberg sobre o processo de construção de moralidade. Para tanto, utilizou-se História Oral, uma vez que, esse tipo de abordagem oferece possibilidades na investigação dos fenômenos na perspectiva de compreender o indivíduo e sua própria realidade, valorizando suas experiências de vida e a transformação social. Este estudo foi orientado pela História Oral de Vida, no sentido de permitir aos líderes comunitários, relatar experiências de luta e da vida em comunidade. Valorizando seus trabalhos e a transformação do local onde vivem. Acredita-se que a análise do material possa levar a reflexões importantes que, de alguma forma possam contribuir com os estudos de desenvolvimento moral / Abstract: This study was conducted with 10 community leaders, adults, which are inserted in the Project Social Network, coordinated by the National Service of Commercial Learning, located in Limeira/SP, which brought different experiences and stories of community life and its petformance with the same. To characterize the subjects, to seek to identify categories in the speech of the same ethical and moral principles underlying its action, verify that the moral principles identified in the speech on its action remained to reflect on the unequal "other" not 'their'. It required the organization of some categories, these categories were analyzed in light of the theoretical framework of Piaget and Kohlberg on the construction of morality. Thus, oral history was used, since such an approach offers possibilities in the investigation of phenomena in order to understand the individual and their own reality, enhancing their experience of life and social transformation. This study was conducted by the Oral History of Life in order to allow community leaders, reporting experiences of struggle and life in community. Valuing their work and the transformation of where they live. It is believed that the analysis of the material could lead to important considerations in any way contribute to the study of moral development / Mestre

The aim of the Master's thesis "The Current Role of Local Action Groups in the Development of the Region" is to evaluate the results of using resources from support programs within the LAG Vltava civic group. This action group is located in southern Bohemia. The work consists of two parts. The first part is a literature survey, where the theoretical information on the basic concepts, which I use at work. After this chapter, followed by a brief presentation of methodological approach. The second analysis of the work deals with the specific characteristics of local action groups. The main objective of the analytic part of the thesis was to evaluate formulated hypotheses. The last chapters are devoted to the evaluation of the information obtained and the formulation of conclusions. Analysis of both primary and secondary data has shown that the local action group involved in the development of the region.