The Coping Competence Questionnaire (CCQ), based on the reformulated learned helplessness theory, was designed to assess a general stress resistance versus a propensity towards learned helplessness with a brief, 12-item self-report questionnaire. In this study the CCQ was administered to 247 undergraduate students, who were then paired, in groups of around 24 at a time, and then randomly assigned to either success or failure conditions on the computer game TetraVex. Mood was pretested using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) depression subscale; the experimental condition, success or failure at TetraVex was conducted; then outcome measures including 20 five letter anagrams to test performance and a posttest of the POMS depression subscale testing mood were administered. The first n = 80 participants were administered the anagrams then POMS; then the next n = 167 participants completed the POMS then anagrams. Findings indicate helplessness was induced. A statistically significant main effect of group was found for both performance and mood measures, suggesting those who were exposed to success on the TetraVex puzzles performed better on the anagrams and had lower levels of depressed mood than those who were exposed to failure. A statistically significant main effect of CCQ on mood, indicating high CCQ scores were correlated with better mood, was also found. Three way interactions of CCQ, group, and the order in which the outcome measures were administered suggested that when performance was measured first, the CCQ moderated the relationship between performance outcomes and group in the predicted direction, but when mood was measured first no interaction between performance and group resulted. Additionally, when mood was measured first, the mood effects were greater; however, coping competence, as measured by the CCQ, was inadequate to immediately overcome the frustration induced in the treatment group by TetraVex failure.

Experimental examination of the generality of learned helplessness has previously been confined to treatment and tests employing aversive motivators, such as electric shock. In the present study, rats were used to evaluate the effect of inescapable shock on their performance in a water test of competitive dominance which employs no aversive motivator. The subjects were paired and pre-tested for competitive dominance. In the experimental groups one member of each pair was treated with inescapable shock and the pairs were then post-tested for competitive dominance either 48, 72, or 168 hours after treatment. The control subjects were pre- and post-tested with no treatment intervening. Competitive dominance ranks were assigned to subjects after each test. Rank differences from pre- to post-test were analyzed for treated and control subjects. Controls showed no shifts in dominance from pre- to post-test, while significant shifts toward subordination appeared in all three experimental groups. No treated subjects showed shifts toward dominance. Significant pre- to post-test differences in drinking time were produced in all treatment groups, with the greatest difference at 72 hours after treatment. These results parallel those of Glazer and Weiss (1976) for escape time latencies at different times of posttreatment testing. The results of the present study, in contrast to those of Glazer and Weiss, cannot be accounted for by the principles of stimulus control. Instead, they support the claim of Maier and Seligman (1976) for considerable generality to the effect of learned helplessness, though the generality observed in this study is not explained by current principles of learning theory.

To determine if learned helplessness results from lack of control over negative events or simply the number of negative events experienced, 60 university students were assigned to one of five treatments: controllable low negative, uncontrollable low negative, controllable high negative, uncontrollable high negative, and no treatment. Backward digit and letter span tasks served as test tasks. The generally nonsignificant results were discussed as possibly due to a procedural error. Further research on this question is needed.

Query optimization aims to select a query execution plan among all query paths for a given query. The query optimization of traditional relational database management systems (RDBMSs) relies on estimating the cost of the alternative query plans in the query plan search space provided by a cost model. The classic cost model (CCM) may lead the optimizer to choose query plans with poor execution time due to inaccurate cardinality estimations and simplifying assumptions. A learned cost model (LCM) based on machine learning does not rely on such estimations and learns the cost from runtime. While learned cost models are shown to improve the average performance, they may not guarantee that optimal performance will be consistently achieved. In addition, the query plans generated using the LCM may not necessarily outperform the query plans generated with the CCM. This thesis proposes a hybrid approach to solve this problem by striking a balance between the LCM and the CCM. The hybrid model uses the LCM when it is expected to be reliable in selecting a good plan and falls back to the CCM otherwise. The evaluation results of the hybrid model demonstrate promising performance, indicating potential for successful use in future applications.

No description available.

No description available.

The retention curve of an incompletely learned avoidance response was investigated, employing rats in a shuttlebox situation. Subjects were given a 15 trial re-learning session 0, 1/2, 1 or 24 hours after original acquisition. Three treatment groups were tested at these intervals: a not-handled group which remained in the shuttlebox during the intersession interval, a handled group which remained in the shuttlebox during the intersession interval, and a group which was returned to a living cage. All treatment groups produced a monotonically decreasing curve as a function of intersession interval. Handling produced a decrement on performance at 0-hour intersession interval; location showed no effect. Results were interpreted in terms of the warm-up decrement and the effects of handling on the arousal of fear. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

As various forms of interpersonal family violence receive more attention in the literature, sibling abuse is still in the background. Despite the increasing knowledge about the prevalence, causes, and effects of sibling abuse, many of us continue to relegate it to a childhood occurrence. Sibling abuse symptoms continue to go unrecognized and its demoralizing effects continue to be ignored (Wiehe, 1990). Minimization and denial of sibling abuse have also contributed to constraining the extent of knowledge related to this phenomenon. The present study seeks to add to the existing research confirming the existence of sibling victimization and its long-term impacts. This study has two primary purposes: 1) to capture the beliefs, feelings, and firsthand account of the abusive sibling experiences from the perspective of victims, and 2) to investigate the potential learned responses associated with sibling abuse and their possible impact on adult relationships by exploring participants' emotional and relational histories, and belief systems. This study presents data taken from a clinical sample of six adult female sibling abuse survivors. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and data analyzed using cross case analysis, constant comparison, and analytic induction techniques. Data suggests the long-term impacts of learned responses associated with sibling abuse can be detrimental to both interpersonal relationships and mental health. Emergent themes related to family functioning and environment and resiliency after abuse are also presented. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Ph. D.

<p>Arbetet syftar till att analysera Förvarsmaktens övergripande process rörande erfarenhetshantering ifallet Kosovo mellan 2007 och nutid samt granska hur denna process tar sin utgångspunkt i organisationsteori och metod. Detta är de ingångsvärden som använts i den intervjustudie som genomförts. I denna studie kan två organisationsmodeller påvisas i tidsspannet som arbetet behandlat, en med början 2007 och en senare som i skrivande stund är under implementering, dessa har i olika grad påvisat kopplingar till modellrapporten från FOI 1998. Metodrapporten i sig baseras på Sarv respektive Garvin´s tankar om lärande organisationer och dess bakomliggande tankar är därför genomskinliga. Det teoretiska materialet ger fyra utgångspunkter för analys, mål, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande. Under dialog och mål finns få anknytningspunkter till FOI´s modell, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande å andra sidan påvisar tydligt att tankar mot detta funnit men brister i implementeringeni modellen. För att vidare sammanfoga modellen och dessa tankar anser författaren att tydligare direktiv, styrningar och förklaringar behövs. Författaren påtalar även behovet av vidare forskning på området och specifikt hur processen ser ut efter att den nya organisationsmodellen till fullo implementerats i organisationen.</p> / <p>The study aims to analyse the Swedish Armed Forces process for lessons learned, as it was in Kosovobetween 2007 and present date and examine whether this process is based on organizational theory or not. These were the initial values for the interviews that followed. In answers from the interviews, two organizational models can be found within the given time span, one beginning in 2007 and the later one is as of now being implemented. These models have shown a varying degree of connection to the model developed by FOI in 1998. The model itself is based on the organizational theories of Sarv and Garvin and its ideas can therefore be seen as translucent. The theoretical material gives us four starting points for analysis, dialogue, goal orientation, flexibility and dynamics and finally participation. Under the headings dialogue and goal orientation there are few connecting factors to the FOI model, under the headings flexibility and dynamics and participation on the other hand there are clearly formed thoughts surrounding these issues but the writer found shortcomings in the implementations of these. In order to further merge the model and these bulletpoints the author believes that clearer directives, guidance and explanations are needed. The author also highlights the need for further research within this field to show the outcome of the implementation of the new organizational model.</p>

Arbetet syftar till att analysera Förvarsmaktens övergripande process rörande erfarenhetshantering ifallet Kosovo mellan 2007 och nutid samt granska hur denna process tar sin utgångspunkt i organisationsteori och metod. Detta är de ingångsvärden som använts i den intervjustudie som genomförts. I denna studie kan två organisationsmodeller påvisas i tidsspannet som arbetet behandlat, en med början 2007 och en senare som i skrivande stund är under implementering, dessa har i olika grad påvisat kopplingar till modellrapporten från FOI 1998. Metodrapporten i sig baseras på Sarv respektive Garvin´s tankar om lärande organisationer och dess bakomliggande tankar är därför genomskinliga. Det teoretiska materialet ger fyra utgångspunkter för analys, mål, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande. Under dialog och mål finns få anknytningspunkter till FOI´s modell, flexibilitet och dynamik samt medinflytande å andra sidan påvisar tydligt att tankar mot detta funnit men brister i implementeringeni modellen. För att vidare sammanfoga modellen och dessa tankar anser författaren att tydligare direktiv, styrningar och förklaringar behövs. Författaren påtalar även behovet av vidare forskning på området och specifikt hur processen ser ut efter att den nya organisationsmodellen till fullo implementerats i organisationen. / The study aims to analyse the Swedish Armed Forces process for lessons learned, as it was in Kosovobetween 2007 and present date and examine whether this process is based on organizational theory or not. These were the initial values for the interviews that followed. In answers from the interviews, two organizational models can be found within the given time span, one beginning in 2007 and the later one is as of now being implemented. These models have shown a varying degree of connection to the model developed by FOI in 1998. The model itself is based on the organizational theories of Sarv and Garvin and its ideas can therefore be seen as translucent. The theoretical material gives us four starting points for analysis, dialogue, goal orientation, flexibility and dynamics and finally participation. Under the headings dialogue and goal orientation there are few connecting factors to the FOI model, under the headings flexibility and dynamics and participation on the other hand there are clearly formed thoughts surrounding these issues but the writer found shortcomings in the implementations of these. In order to further merge the model and these bulletpoints the author believes that clearer directives, guidance and explanations are needed. The author also highlights the need for further research within this field to show the outcome of the implementation of the new organizational model.