Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1998. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-292). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Landslides are relatively frequent in Ottawa due to the presence of sensitive marine clays (Leda clay or Champlain Sea clay), and the presence of natural or climatic triggers such as rainfall or snowmelt. A geographic information system (GIS) based modeling tool has been developed to assess and predict climate (rainfall and snowmelt)-induced landslides in the sensitive marine clays of the Ottawa region. The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-Stability (TRIGRS) model is used in a GIS framework to investigate the influence of rainfall and snowmelt on shallow landslides through the Ottawa region, with respect to time and location. First, the GIS and TRIGRS models are combined to assess landslide susceptibility with respect to rainfall. The GIS-TRIGRS approach requires topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and geotechnical information of the study area. In addition to this technical information (input data), rainfall intensity data for different durations (5 minutes, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours), and historical data of the regional landslides is required. This data is used to verify the locations of predicted landslide-susceptible areas with respect to historical landslide maps in the area. The generated results from the GIS-TRIGRS model were verified by comparing the predicted and historical locations of shallow landslides induced by rainfall throughout the Ottawa region. The comparison results showed a high correlation between the predicted areas of landslides and the previously reported landslides. In addition, the results also indicated that not all previous landslides in Leda clays were triggered by rainfall. The second application of the developed GIS-TRIGRS approach was used to assess and predict snowmelt-induced landslides in areas of sensitive marine clay in the Ottawa region. Similar to the first analysis, the approach requires the following input data: topographic, geologic, hydrologic, geotechnical, snowmelt intensity data for various periods (6–48 hours, 3–15 days, 25 days, and 30 days), This approach also requires data indicating the location of historical landslides in the study area. Using this data, we examine both the timing and location of shallow landslides due to snowmelt in a GIS-based framework. The developed model was validated by comparing the predicted landslide-susceptible areas to historical landslide maps in the study area. A high correlation between predicted and historical landslide location trends was obtained, confirming that the developed GIS-TRIGRS model can predict the snowmelt-induced landslide susceptibility in the sensitive marine clays relatively well. The model results reinforced the conclusion that areas with high slopes and sensitive marine clays were more prone to snowmelt-induced landslides. Finally, in a Geographic Information System (GIS) the landslide occurrence susceptibility in the Ottawa area was modeled. Results of such models are presented as maps showing landslide susceptibility in Champlain Sea clays (Leda clays) in the Ottawa area due to both rainfall and snowmelt. Various input data was collected and entered into a GIS and TRIGRS model. The main categories of such inputs are climate, topography, geology, hydrology, and geotechnical data. The rainfall and snowmelt intensity data was extracted for 24 to 48 hour periods from Environment and Climate Change Canada historical climate records. Thereafter, the factor of safety was calculated in order to determine the stability of slopes across the study area. The model assesses the effects of rainfall and snowmelt on landslide occurrence, and based on the calculated factor of safety at each pixel of the study area, the model calculates the landslide susceptibility. The results presented in this thesis will provide a geotechnical basis for making appropriate engineering decisions during slope management and land use planning in the Ottawa region.

Multiparadigm languages are languages that are designed to support more than one style of programming. Leda is a strongly-typed multiparadigm programming language that supports imperative, functional, object-oriented, and logic programming. The constraint programming paradigm is a declarative style of programming where the programmer is able to state relationships among some entities and expect the system to maintain the validity of these relationships throughout program execution. The system accomplishes this either by invoking user-defined fixes that impose rigid rules governing the evolution of the entities, or by finding suitable values to be assigned to the constrained entities without violating any active constraint. Constraints, due to their declarative semantics, are suitable for the direct mapping of the characteristics of a number of mechanisms including: consistency checks, constraint-directed search, and constraint-enforced reevaluation, among others. This makes constraint languages the most appropriate languages for the implementation of a large number of applications such as scheduling, planning, resource allocation, simulation, and graphical user interfaces. The semantics of constraints cannot be easily emulated by other constructs in the paradigms that are offered by the language Leda. However, the constraint paradigm does not provide any general control constructs. The lack of general control constructs impedes this paradigm's ability to naturally express a large number of problems. This dissertation presents the language Electra, which integrates the constraint paradigm into the language Leda by creating a unified construct that provides the ability to express the conventional semantics of constraints with some extensions. Due to the flexibility of this construct, the programmer is given the choice of either stating how a constraint is to be satisfied or delegating that task to the constraint-satisfier. The concept of providing the programmer with the ability to express system-maintained relations, which is the basic characteristic of constraints, provided a motivation for enhancing other paradigms with similar abilities. The functional paradigm is extended by adding to it the mechanism of condition-based dispatching which is similar to argument pattern-matching. The object-oriented paradigm is extended by allowing feature exclusion which is a form of inheritance exception. This dissertation claims that the integration provided by the language Electra will enable Leda programmers to reap the benefits of the paradigm of constraints while overcoming its limitations. / Graduation date: 1995

<p>Ledning är en av de sex militära grundförmågorna i vår doktrin, ledningens syfte är att inrikta en militär insats mot ett gemensamt militärt mål och att samordna de militära resurser som behövs för att lösa uppgiften. Vår doktrin har till uppgift att förmedla ett gemensamt förhållningssätt för att skapa ett gemensamt språk mellan staber, chefer och underlydande som underlättar ledning. Doktrinen till trots så finns en begreppsförvirring inom ledning där <em>att leda</em>, <em>ledning</em> och <em>ledarskap</em> inte särskiljs den här undersökningen studerar varför det råder en begreppsförvirring inom ledning.</p><p>Genom en jämförande studie mellan den svenska doktrinen och den brittiska motsvarigheten mäter undersökningen hur väl doktrinerna skildrar ett ledningssystem och förmedlar ett militärt ledarskap i förhållande till de två teorierna; <em>dynamiska OODA-loopen</em> och <em>utvecklande ledarskap.</em></p><p>Undersökningens resultat pekar på att den svenska doktrinen beskriver hur funktionen ledning ska genomföras för att befrämja uppdragstaktik. Begreppsförvirringen uppstår eftersom den svenska doktrinen beskriver ett hur men inte ett varför eller ett vad ledning ska göra, vilket ger olika beskrivningar av ledning på olika militära ledningsnivåer</p> / <p>Command is one of the six Functions in combat, the role of command is to direct a military action to a common effect by coordinating the military recourses at its disposal and solve a mission. The Swedish doctrine is to establish a framework of understanding in order to create a common language that will promote a mutual understanding. Despite our doctrine the conception of command is indistinct and the purpose of this study is to examine why.</p><p>The study will illustrate the differences by which the Swedish doctrine and its British counterpart portraits command. By comparing the differences to the theory of a <em>Decision-Action-Cycle</em> and the <em>transformational leadership</em> the common understanding will be measured.</p><p>The result indicates that command in the Swedish doctrine is not described as a functioning but as to promote <em>Mission</em><em> command</em>. By describing how command is to promote Mission command it is given several meanings pending on the level of command, thereby an indistinct conception of command</p>

Ledning är en av de sex militära grundförmågorna i vår doktrin, ledningens syfte är att inrikta en militär insats mot ett gemensamt militärt mål och att samordna de militära resurser som behövs för att lösa uppgiften. Vår doktrin har till uppgift att förmedla ett gemensamt förhållningssätt för att skapa ett gemensamt språk mellan staber, chefer och underlydande som underlättar ledning. Doktrinen till trots så finns en begreppsförvirring inom ledning där att leda, ledning och ledarskap inte särskiljs den här undersökningen studerar varför det råder en begreppsförvirring inom ledning. Genom en jämförande studie mellan den svenska doktrinen och den brittiska motsvarigheten mäter undersökningen hur väl doktrinerna skildrar ett ledningssystem och förmedlar ett militärt ledarskap i förhållande till de två teorierna; dynamiska OODA-loopen och utvecklande ledarskap. Undersökningens resultat pekar på att den svenska doktrinen beskriver hur funktionen ledning ska genomföras för att befrämja uppdragstaktik. Begreppsförvirringen uppstår eftersom den svenska doktrinen beskriver ett hur men inte ett varför eller ett vad ledning ska göra, vilket ger olika beskrivningar av ledning på olika militära ledningsnivåer / Command is one of the six Functions in combat, the role of command is to direct a military action to a common effect by coordinating the military recourses at its disposal and solve a mission. The Swedish doctrine is to establish a framework of understanding in order to create a common language that will promote a mutual understanding. Despite our doctrine the conception of command is indistinct and the purpose of this study is to examine why. The study will illustrate the differences by which the Swedish doctrine and its British counterpart portraits command. By comparing the differences to the theory of a Decision-Action-Cycle and the transformational leadership the common understanding will be measured. The result indicates that command in the Swedish doctrine is not described as a functioning but as to promote Mission command. By describing how command is to promote Mission command it is given several meanings pending on the level of command, thereby an indistinct conception of command

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1999. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-163). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-27T14:36:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-23Bitstream added on 2014-08-27T15:57:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000778141.pdf: 7237434 bytes, checksum: e15d69f5374289c055c3f4368a55fc66 (MD5) / Este estudo discute os aspectos que configuram a recorrência como a própria essência do fazer artístico, especificamente na pintura. Os argumentos são construídos estabelecendo-se um diálogo entre a recorrência na filosofia da ciência e no campo da história da arte. Quando analisada segundo a especificidade do fazer pictórico, este estudo propõe a designação de recorrência histórica plástica. Neste cenário, a reflexão avança e busca apresentar, definir e distinguir universais (figura recorrente, imagem recorrente, tema recorrente e elemento recorrente) e, assim, contribuir para um corpus de conhecimentos sobre a forma artística — no interesse plástico — que possa ajudar a elucidar e organizar uma sintaxe visual da recorrência. O objeto deste estudo — produto de uma pesquisa bibliográfico-conceitual — fundamenta-se na visualidade de um recorte da obra de Leda Catunda. Por isso as discussões são pautadas pelo suporte visual de pinturas consagradas, desde as de Leonardo da Vinci até as de Leda Catunda, tidas como pontos focais para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Outras obras pictóricas da artista são importantes para fundamentar a elaboração desta sintaxe visual / Esta investigación analiza los aspectos que conforman la recurrencia con la esencia misma de la práctica artística, específicamente en la pintura. Los argumentos se construyen mediante el establecimiento de un diálogo entre la recurrencia en la filosofía de la ciencia y el campo de la historia del arte. Cuando se analizó la especificidad del hacer pictórico, este estudio se propone el nombramiento de recurrencia histórica plástica. Em este escenario, la reflexión se mueve hacia adelante y trata de presentar, definir y distinguir los universales como figura recurrente, imagen recurrente, tema recurrente y elemento recurrente que contribuye a um cuerpo de conocimiento acerca de la forma de arte – en su plástico interés – que pueden ayudar a clarificar y organizar una sintaxis visual de recurrencia. Aunque esta investigación es de naturaleza teórica, su objeto basada en la visualidad de pinturas de Leda Catunda de un recorte. Debido a esto, las discusiones se guían por el apoyo visual de pinturas consagradas de Leonardo da Vinci a las pinturas de Leda Catunda, tomada como puntos focales para el desarrollo de este estúdio. Otras obras pictóricas del artista son importantes para apoyar el desarrollo de esta sintaxis visual

A collection of poems by Katelyn Litterer.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka om utvalda lärosäten genom sitt utbildningsinnehåll, på ett likvärdigt sätt, förbereder blivande specialpedagoger för uppdraget som utvecklingsledare. Forskningsfrågorna är ”Fokuserar olika svenska lärosäten i samma utsträckning på begreppet specialpedagogen som utvecklingsledare? Om inte: Vad skulle det kunna bero på?”.För att finna svar på forskningsfrågorna studeras utbildningsdokument från fyra lärosäten. De metoder som används är innehållsanalys och kvalitativ textanalys. Studien är teoretiskt förankrad i verksamhetsteori, men då endast dokument har studerats kan vi bara säga oss vara inspirerade av denna teori.Studiens resultat visar att utvalda lärosäten, utifrån dokumenten, inte på ett likvärdigt sätt förbereder blivande specialpedagoger för uppdraget som utvecklingsledare. Lärosätena fokuserar inte begreppet specialpedagogen som utvecklingsledare i samma utsträckning. Med inspiration från verksamhetsteori har denna studie försökt förklara orsakerna till skillnaderna. Utifrån verksamhetsteori kan rimligen antas att det på de olika lärosätena finns aktörer som uppfattar utbildningens syfte på olika sätt.Studien har handlat om att kartlägga ett område som inte studerats i så stor utsträckning. Ytterligare studier behövs inom detta område för att kunna se om skillnaderna också existerar i praktiken.Vi tror dock att studien kan bidra till diskussioner om specialpedagogens roll som utvecklingsledare på de olika lärosätena, eller till diskussioner om autonomi kontra likvärdighet i professionsutbildningar.

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