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Acompanha: A diferença está no saber agir: conheça!: educação inclusiva: dos documentos legais à realidade escolar / Este trabalho toma como objeto de pesquisa o tema da educação inclusiva. A questão que ensejou a pesquisa foi: de que modo a “voz” da pessoa com deficiência pode revelar a importância da construção de um espaço inclusivo e contribuir para a sua humanização? Seu corpus é composto de 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com um grupo de pessoas com deficiência nas áreas auditiva, visual, física e intelectual, residentes em cidades da região Norte do Estado do Paraná. Com base nas respostas, observa-se o que pensam os entrevistados sobre o ciclo da invisibilidade. A análise leva em consideração as categorias: educação, trabalho, autonomia e independência. Para dar resposta a essa pergunta, após a aplicação dos questionários e da tabulação dos dados, foi elaborado um produto educacional denominado: “A Diferença está no Saber Agir. Conheça! ”. O produto, uma espécie de livro virtual, foi publicado em site próprio para testagem na comunidade escolar. Esses dados também foram tabulados e compõem o resultado final desta pesquisa. O estudo tem por objetivo geral colaborar com a formação de professores, alunos e profissionais que atuam na escola pública no que diz respeito às suas atitudes - que podem conduzir à reflexão e à ação – frente a pessoas com deficiência, no espaço escolar e no convívio social por meio do mencionado produto educacional. Para elaborar o trabalho, foram executadas pesquisas do tipo bibliográfica, analítica, interpretativa e de campo, com o uso da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, cujo eixo é a participação da comunidade pesquisada na própria pesquisa, assim ela propõe a transformação das práticas por meio da observação e posterior ação. O ponto de partida teórico são as concepções da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (BRASIL, 2008), a Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência (BRASIL, 2009) e o Parecer CNE/CP Nº8/2012 - Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educação em Direitos Humanos (BRASIL, 2012). Obtiveram-se resultados importantes para a instrumentalização da escola e da comunidade, visando dar subsídios para a construção de novas lógicas de ensino inclusivo e para a partilha de novos conhecimentos, permeados pelas dificuldades, frustrações, anseios e receios do grupo investigado. Que novos avanços e transformações possam gerar uma inclusão escolar e social gradativa e real. / This work has the inclusive education issue as a research subject. The issue which gave rise to the research was: how can the "opinion" of a person with disability reveal the importance of creating an inclusive space and contributing to humanization? Its corpus consists of 30 semi-structured interviews with a group of people with disabilities in auditory, visual, physical and intellectual areas, living in cities in the Northern Paraná State. Based on the responses, what the interviewees think about the invisibility cycle can be observed. The analysis takes into account the categories: education, work, autonomy and independence. In order to answer this question, after the questionnaires and data tabulation were performed, an educational product was prepared and it was called "The difference is in Knowing How to Act. Learn". The product, a kind of virtual book, was published on an own website for testing in the school community. These data were also tabulated and make up the final result of this research. The study has as a general objective to contribute to the education of teachers, students and professionals who work in public schools with regard to their attitudes - which can lead to reflection and action - when treating with people with disabilities in the school environment and in their social relations by means of the educational product. In order to prepare this work, bibliographical, analytical, interpretative and field researches were performed, with the use of action research methodology, whose axis is the participation of the community in the research itself; thus, this community proposes the transformation of practices through observation and further action. The theoretical starting point is the conception of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education (BRAZIL, 2008), the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (BRAZIL, 2009) and the legal opinion CNE / CP No. 8/2012 - National Guidelines for Education in Human rights (BRAZIL, 2012). Important results for theinstrumentalization of schools and community are obtained, aiming to provide subsidies for the creation of new logics regarding inclusive education and sharing new knowledge, permeated by difficulties, frustrations, anxieties and fears of the group investigated. Also, aiming that new developments and transformations generate a gradual and real educational and social inclusion.

In all the Black communities, women’s rights have always been taken for granted. Women have always been subordinate to the patriarchal system. The denial of domestic violence against rural women has its origin in the age long patriarchal society, deeply rooted in culture and tradition. The main aim of the patriarchal society is the control of women by men. The idea of protecting women abuse is not really new. It is a necessary component of long established and internationally recognized human rights. This includes the right to equality and freedom, liberty and personal security. The recognition could be traced to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 (UDHR). However, women’s rights remain unrealized and are continuously violated despite the fact that these rights are well expressed in many international documents and national laws. The study examined the factors that conduce towards domestic violence against rural women in the Kwa Zulu Natal Province of South Africa. In this regard, the reasons why they support culture and traditional practices that are detrimental to their health were also explored. The small isolated area of Umzimkhulu was used. In-depth face to face interviews were employed to elicit information from the respondents and brief notes were written down to collect the data. The findings revealed that women are not aware of their human rights. This ignorance and negative attitude is influenced by the dependency of women to men, supremacy of the patriarchal system and the dominance of culture. Most disturbing is that these women don’t seem to see anything wrong with the situation. It is evidently clear therefore that women empowerment, through education, will not only affect women’s autonomy but will also increase their worth and make them understand the impact of traditional practices that they support. All these will have implications for policy and legislative interventions.

Surrogate motherhood is one of the most controversial issues of our time. The increase in infertility and the shortage of babies available for adoption, have provided an incentive for research in assisted reproductive techniques. Rapid advances in this field have caught the legal system unprepared in many ways. The object of this thesis is to investigate the legal aspects of surrogate motherhood. A background is provided by an in depth examination and analysis of the practice of surrogacy in foreign jurisdictions. For this purpose a selection of interdisciplinary, medical and juridical reports, court decisions and legislation is analysed. The surrogacy agreement is affected by principles of both public and private law. As the agreement is based on consensus between the parties, Roman Law principles of the law of obligations, provided a valuable point of departure in establishing a theoretical basis for the classification of surrogacy agreements. Having determined the nature of the agreement, the content is analysed with due regard to statutory and other relevant considerations, such as the boni mores, and submissions made regarding the enforceability and legality of such agreements. A surrogate mother agreement model is proposed and analysed in the light of existing South African law. The various ways in which surrogacy contracts may be breached are examined and recommendations put forward regarding possible delictual or contractual remedies. The legal relationship between the surrogate child and its gestational (birth) mother and her husband on the one hand and the intended parents on the other is investigated. The role of the courts in custody issues - related to surrogacy - is examined and recommendations put forward as to how they may be included in the process by determining the best interest of the surrogate child prior to artificial insemination. The civil and criminal liability of medical practitioners involved in assisted reproductive technology and specifically surrogacy are expounded. Key issues in the practice of surrogate motherhood are interpreted in the light of existing statutory and common law principles. Recommendations are put forward on these issues and a bill proposed for the regulation of surrogate motherhood in South Africa. / Private Law / LLD

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie ondersoek word gepoog om 'n regswetenskaplike basis vir "Die Verslag van die Maatskaplike Werker ingevolge artikels 14(4) en 15(1) van die Wet op Kindersorg as 'n Juridies Gefundeerde Hulpmiddel vir die Kinderhof' daar te stel. Die studie fokus onder andere op vroeere wetgewing rakende sekere regte van kinders voor die instelling van kinderhowe in Suid-Afrika, die aard en instelling van die kinderhof, die posisie van kinderhowe binne die hierargie van howe en die kinderhof se handeling. Ooreenkomstig die administratiefreg word die klem veral geplaas op die regsvereistes wat vir alle administratiewe handelinge geld - soos deur Wiechers (1984) gesistematiseer en deur Eckard (1988) op kinderhofondersoeke van toepassing gemaak is. Regswetenskaplike begrippe met inagneming van die relevante gemeneregtelike beginsels, die tussentydse Grondwet, ander relevante wetgewing en regspraak word ontleed ten einde die betekenis en invloed daarvan vir die verslag van die maatskaplike werker duidelik te maak. By implikasie hied hierdie ontleding ook riglyne vir die skryf van die verslag vanuit 'n regsperspektief. Aan die hand van genoemde regsperspektiewe word 'n voorlopige model binne 'n bepaalde struktuur vir die skryf van hierdie verslag voorgestel. Die regsbeginsels wat ontleed is, word doelgerig en planmatig aangewend in 'n poging om uitvoering aan die doelstellings van die kinderhof te verleen en die bewyswaarde van inligting maksimaal te verhoog. Kritiese stellings asook verskeie dilemmas waarmee die maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk te make het, word aangespreek en word nuwe betekenis aan die begrippe "maatskaplike werker" en "verslag" rakende kinderhofaangeleenthede verleen. By wyse van 'n beperkte verkennende empmese ondersoek binne die Christelike Maatskaplike Raad van Noord-Transvaal, word bestaande kritiek betreffende die verslae wat maatskaplike werkers aan kinderhowe lewer asook die maatskaplike werker se beperkinge rakende relevante regskennis bevestig. Spesifieke behoeftes aan kennis word geldentifiseer en 'n hernieude maatskaplikewerkperspektief rakende kinderhofwerk as 'n spesialiteitsgebied binne die maatskaplikewerkterrein word bevestig. Verder word die regsvereistes asook ander relevante vereistes wat op die verslag van toepassing behoort te wees, en soos vanuit die literatuurstudie bepaal is, beaam. Hierdie ondersoek is 'n nuwe bydrae tot die maatskaplikewerkvakliteratuur en baan die weg tot verdere navorsing en ontwikkeling op hierdie terrein. / This investigation attempts to establish a jurisprudential basis for the "The Report of the Social Worker according to articles 14(4) and 15(1) of the Act on Child Welfare as a Juridically Based Aid for the Children's Court". The study focuses inter alia on earlier legislation concerning certain rights of children prior to the establishment of children's courts in South Africa; the nature and institution of children's courts; the position of children's courts within the hierarchy of courts, as well as actions of the children's court. In accordance with Administrative Law the accent falls especially on legal requirements for all administrative actions as systematised by Wiechers (1984) and as applied by Eckard (1988) to examination in such courts. An analysis is made of jurisprudential concepts such as Common Law principles, the Interim Constitution, and other relevant acts of parliament and court verdicts in order to clarify their meaning and influence for this report. By implication this analysis also furnishes guidelines for writing the report within jurisprudential perspectives. With the aid of these perspectives a preliminruy model is presented within a specific structure for the writing of this report. The jurisprudential principles analysed, are purposively and methodically applied in an attempt to satisfy the goals of the children's court and maximise the value of evidence given. Critical statements and several dilemmas confronting social work practice are addressed, and in the court situation new meaning is accorded to concepts such as "social worker" and "report". By means of a limited exploratory empirical investigation within the confines of the Christian Social Services of the Northern Transvaal the present criticism of reports delivered to courts by social workers as well as their jurisprudential limitations have been confirmed. Specific knowledge deficiencies have been identified and a renewed social work perspective on children's courts as specialist field in social work has been established. Legal and other relevant requirements for this report - as found in the literature study - have been confirmed. This investigation constitutes a new contribution to social work literature and opens the way to further research and development in this field. / Private Law / D. Phil. (Social Work)

Mercantile Law / LL. M. (Commercial Law)

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T14:17:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_JUNIOR_2016.pdf: 36200676 bytes, checksum: 0b4c3acd91c97bf027bd5f0c6fdfef37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T14:18:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_JUNIOR_2016.pdf: 36200676 bytes, checksum: 0b4c3acd91c97bf027bd5f0c6fdfef37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-02-23T14:18:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_JUNIOR_2016.pdf: 36200676 bytes, checksum: 0b4c3acd91c97bf027bd5f0c6fdfef37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T14:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOUZA_JUNIOR_2016.pdf: 36200676 bytes, checksum: 0b4c3acd91c97bf027bd5f0c6fdfef37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / Não recebi financiamento / The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 brought great changes concerning the treatment of indigenous peoples, especially the principle of alterity, reflecting on the right for the indigenous people to be different, as well as the issues on indigenous lands, which have some of very own institutes, diverse from Brazilian Civilian Law. However, it has not always been this way. Brazil has been through many legislation evolutions until we reached the current moment, when the integrationist idea relating the indigenous people to the local society has lost its power and has now disappeared, after the 1988 Constitution. We started with the investigation of the existence or not of an indigenous estate inside the Brazilian territory before the European colonization that justifies the primary rights to the lands that they traditionally occupy, provided by our Federal Constitution. To corroborate the need for a better protection to the indigenous people, we studied the International Conventions, which were held around this subject, especially the ones edited by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which asks for a detailed analysis on the organization and its juridical capacity of International Law to be part of a treaty. Therefore, considering the referred International Conventions endorsed by Brazil, we could observe the concern in the International scenery about the indigenous people. Notwithstanding the endorsement by Brazil, it is necessary to analyze the process of internalization of these, considering the dualist and unitary tendencies; the status of these conventions when they get to Brazil; and the eventuality of some constitutional habit. We also searched in the infra-constitutional legislation, if it presents any irregular habit with the Federal Constitution and if they contribute to a better perception of the importance of the protection of the indigenous peoples as a mechanism of preservation of the social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions of these peoples. / A Constituição Federal de 1988 trouxe grandes mudanças no tocante ao tratamento dispensado aos povos indígenas, em especial o princípio da alteridade, consubstanciado no direito do indígena em ser diferente, bem como disciplinando a questão das terras indígenas, as quais podemos observar possuem alguns institutos próprios, diversos do Direito Civil. Entretanto, nem sempre foi assim, o Brasil passou por diversas evoluções legislativas até chegarmos nos dias atuais, pelo que a ideia integracionista em relação aos povos indígenas à sociedade local veio perdendo força com referidas evoluções, desaparecendo após o advento da Carta Magna de 1988. Buscou-se também, em um primeiro momento, o estudo acerca da existência ou não de um Estado Indígena no território brasileiro antes da colonização europeia a justificar os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, previsto em nossa Constituição Federal. A corroborar a necessidade de uma maior proteção aos povos indígenas, estudamos as Convenções Internacionais que tratam do assunto, em especial as editadas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), cabendo assim, uma análise pormenorizada de referida organização e sua capacidade jurídica de Direito Internacional para figurar como parte em um tratado. Assim, amparados em referidas Convenções Internacionais ratificadas pelo Brasil, observou-se a preocupação no cenário internacional para com os povos indígenas. Entretanto, não obstante a ratificação pelo Brasil de referidas convenções, cumpre aqui analisar o procedimento de internalização destas, analisando-se as correntes doutrinárias dualistas e monistas; o status de referidas convenções ao ingressarem no Brasil e, a eventualidade de algum vício de constitucionalidade. Buscou-se também auferir, dentro da legislação infraconstitucional, se esta apresenta algum vício com a atual Constituição Federal e, como referidas legislações podem, aliadas às Convenções Internacionais, contribuem para uma melhor percepção da importância na proteção aos povos indígenas como mecanismo de preservação da organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições destes povos.

Acompanha: A diferença está no saber agir: conheça!: educação inclusiva: dos documentos legais à realidade escolar / Este trabalho toma como objeto de pesquisa o tema da educação inclusiva. A questão que ensejou a pesquisa foi: de que modo a “voz” da pessoa com deficiência pode revelar a importância da construção de um espaço inclusivo e contribuir para a sua humanização? Seu corpus é composto de 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com um grupo de pessoas com deficiência nas áreas auditiva, visual, física e intelectual, residentes em cidades da região Norte do Estado do Paraná. Com base nas respostas, observa-se o que pensam os entrevistados sobre o ciclo da invisibilidade. A análise leva em consideração as categorias: educação, trabalho, autonomia e independência. Para dar resposta a essa pergunta, após a aplicação dos questionários e da tabulação dos dados, foi elaborado um produto educacional denominado: “A Diferença está no Saber Agir. Conheça! ”. O produto, uma espécie de livro virtual, foi publicado em site próprio para testagem na comunidade escolar. Esses dados também foram tabulados e compõem o resultado final desta pesquisa. O estudo tem por objetivo geral colaborar com a formação de professores, alunos e profissionais que atuam na escola pública no que diz respeito às suas atitudes - que podem conduzir à reflexão e à ação – frente a pessoas com deficiência, no espaço escolar e no convívio social por meio do mencionado produto educacional. Para elaborar o trabalho, foram executadas pesquisas do tipo bibliográfica, analítica, interpretativa e de campo, com o uso da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, cujo eixo é a participação da comunidade pesquisada na própria pesquisa, assim ela propõe a transformação das práticas por meio da observação e posterior ação. O ponto de partida teórico são as concepções da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (BRASIL, 2008), a Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência (BRASIL, 2009) e o Parecer CNE/CP Nº8/2012 - Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educação em Direitos Humanos (BRASIL, 2012). Obtiveram-se resultados importantes para a instrumentalização da escola e da comunidade, visando dar subsídios para a construção de novas lógicas de ensino inclusivo e para a partilha de novos conhecimentos, permeados pelas dificuldades, frustrações, anseios e receios do grupo investigado. Que novos avanços e transformações possam gerar uma inclusão escolar e social gradativa e real. / This work has the inclusive education issue as a research subject. The issue which gave rise to the research was: how can the "opinion" of a person with disability reveal the importance of creating an inclusive space and contributing to humanization? Its corpus consists of 30 semi-structured interviews with a group of people with disabilities in auditory, visual, physical and intellectual areas, living in cities in the Northern Paraná State. Based on the responses, what the interviewees think about the invisibility cycle can be observed. The analysis takes into account the categories: education, work, autonomy and independence. In order to answer this question, after the questionnaires and data tabulation were performed, an educational product was prepared and it was called "The difference is in Knowing How to Act. Learn". The product, a kind of virtual book, was published on an own website for testing in the school community. These data were also tabulated and make up the final result of this research. The study has as a general objective to contribute to the education of teachers, students and professionals who work in public schools with regard to their attitudes - which can lead to reflection and action - when treating with people with disabilities in the school environment and in their social relations by means of the educational product. In order to prepare this work, bibliographical, analytical, interpretative and field researches were performed, with the use of action research methodology, whose axis is the participation of the community in the research itself; thus, this community proposes the transformation of practices through observation and further action. The theoretical starting point is the conception of the National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education (BRAZIL, 2008), the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (BRAZIL, 2009) and the legal opinion CNE / CP No. 8/2012 - National Guidelines for Education in Human rights (BRAZIL, 2012). Important results for theinstrumentalization of schools and community are obtained, aiming to provide subsidies for the creation of new logics regarding inclusive education and sharing new knowledge, permeated by difficulties, frustrations, anxieties and fears of the group investigated. Also, aiming that new developments and transformations generate a gradual and real educational and social inclusion.

M.Sc. (Psychology) / Increasing attention has over the past decade been directed at sexual abuse in the form of media exposure and the formation of specialised units for the protection of children's rights. In this manner the South African Police Service have, since the first Child Protection Unit was formed in 1986, established units country wide in an attempt to erradicate this phenomenon. An overwiew of the literature makes it apparent that there are lots of conflicting opinions pertaining to sexual molestation. Not only do researchers differ in their definitions of sexual molestation but also on the incidence, typology and ethiology thereof. Flowing from the diverse and far reaching consequences suffered by the victim coupled to the accompanied legal and ethical aspects, child molestation presents as an extremely complex phenomenon to fully address. The Child Protection Unit of the South African Police Service thus appears to be the most appropriate place for the handling of child molestation because of the law inforcement context thereof. The goal of the study was thus to identify the needs of this unit in an effort to help the unit achieve the highest possible standards of effectiveness. To realise this study a phenomenological investigative method was used in the form of a need assessment questionnaire which was sent to the Johannesburg and Pretoria units. Data was collected in the form of completed questionnaires and was evaluated and interpreted in a qualitative manner. Needs determined, amongst others, were for more extensive training in specialised areas as well as a need for the direct involvement of a social worker and a psychologist at the Child Protection Unit. The above mentioned needs in conjunction with other identified needs and criticism voiced by the respondents, formed the basis for the recommendations proposed at the end of this thesis.

M.Ed. (Education Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract