Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-24T19:04:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.loris.pdf: 3349640 bytes, checksum: 322a19b58e9bb00ff35471c3d49f70e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-26T12:32:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.loris.pdf: 3349640 bytes, checksum: 322a19b58e9bb00ff35471c3d49f70e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T12:38:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.loris.pdf: 3349640 bytes, checksum: 322a19b58e9bb00ff35471c3d49f70e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Due to the usual biological, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, the essential oils have a potential interest in several industries as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, perfumery, hygiene and cleaning, in the manufacture of paints and in biological control of the agricultural pests. With the market?s growth, alternatives have been sought for economic and social development, while the nature is preserve in to keep natural resources available for the next generations. Aiming at further discussions on the theme environmental preservation, a theoretical and practical research was introduced through the essential oil extraction process of the aromatic plant Pentacalia desiderabilis (Velloso) Cuatrec., by obtaining and characterizing the product allied to proposals for the generated residues destination. In order, the extraction process was done with a pilot steam distillation unit at three different pressure conditions. After the extractive method, are produced: the essential oil and the liquid (aqueous extract and hydrolyzate) and solids (remaining aromatic plant) residues. Three mathematical models were tested to simulate the extraction process. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of oil and aqueous extract was evaluated. The essential oil?s chemical composition and aroma was also studied. The solid residue was assess as a possible biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue, caffeine and chromium. According to the experimental data, the diffusive one-dimensional model for rectangular geometry proved to be the most adequate. The results also showed that the extracted essential oil, as well as the evaluated solid and liquid residues, have biotechnological potential to be explored. / Devido ?s frequentes atividades biol?gica, antimicrobiana e antioxidante, os ?leos essenciais despertam interesse em diversas ind?strias, tais como aliment?cia, farmac?utica, cosm?tica, de perfumaria, higiene e limpeza, como tamb?m na fabrica??o de tintas e no controle biol?gico de pragas agr?colas. Com o crescimento do mercado surgem debates sobre alternativas de desenvolvimento econ?mico, social e que, ao mesmo tempo, preservem a natureza de modo a manter os recursos naturais dispon?veis para as pr?ximas gera??es. Com o objetivo de ampliar estudos que apresentem discuss?es sobre o tema preserva??o ambiental, realizou-se uma pesquisa te?rica e pr?tica em rela??o ao processo de extra??o do ?leo essencial da planta arom?tica Pentacalia desiderabilis (Velloso) Cuatrec., atrav?s da obten??o e caracteriza??o do produto aliado a propostas para a destina??o dos res?duos gerados. Para tanto, a extra??o foi realizada com um equipamento em escala piloto de destila??o por arraste a vapor em tr?s diferentes condi??es de press?es. Ap?s o processo extrativo, s?o produzidos: o ?leo essencial e os res?duos l?quidos (extrato aquoso e hidrolato) e s?lidos (planta arom?tica remanescente). Tr?s modelos matem?ticos foram testados para simula??o do processo de extra??o. Avaliou-se a capacidade de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extrato aquoso e do ?leo, sendo que este ?ltimo tamb?m foi estudado em rela??o a sua composi??o qu?mica e seu aroma. Analisou-se a utiliza??o dos res?duos s?lidos como poss?veis biossorventes mediante ensaios de adsor??o com azul de metileno, cafe?na e cromo. De acordo com os dados experimentais, o modelo difusivo unidimensional para geometria retangular mostrou-se o mais adequado. Os resultados tamb?m apresentaram que o ?leo essencial, assim como os res?duos s?lidos e l?quidos avaliados, possuem potenciais biotecnol?gicos a serem explorados.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T15:38:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 bethania_alves_avelar_freitas.pdf: 67938565 bytes, checksum: 4f06416afedd4040fb61d7bad494c673 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T15:40:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 bethania_alves_avelar_freitas.pdf: 67938565 bytes, checksum: 4f06416afedd4040fb61d7bad494c673 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-17T15:41:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 bethania_alves_avelar_freitas.pdf: 67938565 bytes, checksum: 4f06416afedd4040fb61d7bad494c673 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 bethania_alves_avelar_freitas.pdf: 67938565 bytes, checksum: 4f06416afedd4040fb61d7bad494c673 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Ageratum fastigiatum ? uma planta utilizada na medicina popular como anti-inflamat?rio e analg?sico, no entanto, poucos estudos foram realizados a fim de detalhar os mecanismos envolvidos nessa atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade anti-inflamat?ria in vitro do ?leo essencial e do extrato dicloromet?nico de A. fastigiatum. Pela t?cnica de exclus?o do azul de tripam por citometria de fluxo foram determinadas concentra??es n?o t?xicas das prepara??es de A. fastigiatum. As concentra??es n?o t?xicas do ?leo essencial foram 5x10-3 e 1x10-2 ?L/mL. Essas concentra??es foram utilizadas para a pesquisa do potencial anti-inflamat?rio do ?leo essencial, medido por meio da an?lise do perfil de citocinas pro (TNF- ? e IFN- ?) e anti-inflamat?rias (IL-10), em culturas de leuc?citos humanos estimulados e n?o estimulados com PMA (acetato de forbol miristato) . Os dados demonstraram que ambas as concentra??es inibiram o percentual de linf?citos-TNF+ nas culturas estimuladas com PMA. A an?lise cromatogr?fica em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) revelou como principais constituintes no ?leo essencial as subst?ncias ?-pineno (7,51%), limoneno (5,9%), ?xido de cariofileno (13,59%), 1,2 ep?xido humuleno (8,41%) e 1,6-humulanodien-3-ol (17,71%). O extrato dicloromet?nico de A. fastigiatum, na concentra??o 20 ?g/mL, n?o apresentou toxicidade aos leuc?citos do sangue perif?rico humano e reduziu o percentual de linf?citos-TNF-?+ e linf?citos-IFN-?+ nas culturas estimuladas com o PMA. Este extrato foi fracionado em coluna de Sephadex LH-20 (150 g). Na an?lise de citocinas, a fra??o 10 (AFDM 10), na concentra??o 10 ?g/mL, demonstrou efeito anti-inflamat?rio in vitro reduzindo a frequ?ncia de linf?citos-TNF-?+ e a prolifera??o de linf?citos estimulados com PHA (fitohemaglutinina). Sugere-se que parte da atividade anti-inflamat?ria de A. fastigiatum se d? pela inibi??o que os constituintes da planta promovem sobre a ativa??o de leuc?citos. / Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Ageratum fastigiatum is a plant used in folk medicine as topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. However, few studies have been conducted with this plant in order to detail the molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activities. Therefore, main purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil and leaf rinse dichloromethane of A. fastigiatum extract. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed by means of trypan blue exclusion. The essential oil at 5x10-3 e 1x10-2 ?L/ did not present cytotoxic activity. These two concentrations were used for investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of the essential oil, by analyzing the pro-inflammatory (TNF-? and IFN-?) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine profiles on human leukocyte cultures stimulated and non-stimulated with PMA (phorbol myristate acetate). The data obtained by flow cytometry demonstrated that both concentrations decreased the percentage of lymphocytes ?TNF-? + on the cell cultures stimulated with PMA. In the non-stimulated cell cultures there were no changes in the percentage of IL-10+ cells. The gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (GC/MS) revealed that the main compounds present in oil samples were: ?-pinene (7.51%), limonene (5.9%), caryophyllene oxide (13.59%), 1,2 humulene epoxide (8.41%) and 1,6-humulanodien-3-ol (17.71%). The dichloromethane extract of A. fastigiatum, obtained from the washing leaves, at the concentration 20 ?g/mL, did not presented cytotoxicic action on the human peripheral blood leukocytes. Following the same protocol performed to cytokines analysis used before, we observed that the dichloromethane A. fastigiatum extract also decreased the percentage of lymphocytes-TNF-? + and IFN-?+ on the cell cultures stimulated with PMA. This extract after fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 . The dichloromethane A. fastigiatum fraction (AFDM 10) at 10 ?g/mL reducing the frequency of lymphocytes-TNF-?+. Furthermore AFDM 10 decreasing the proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA (phytohemagglutinin). It is concluded that part of the anti-inflammatory activity of A. fastigiatum is give by inhibiting the plant constituents on promoting the activation of leukocytes.

?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias fisiol?gicas. / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T17:58:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 val?ria_gomes_lmeida.pdf: 4026192 bytes, checksum: b5681abc4a430487b1ac936cd81615c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T17:59:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 val?ria_gomes_lmeida.pdf: 4026192 bytes, checksum: b5681abc4a430487b1ac936cd81615c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T17:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 val?ria_gomes_lmeida.pdf: 4026192 bytes, checksum: b5681abc4a430487b1ac936cd81615c3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng) R. M. King & H. Rob., (Asteraceae) ? nativa da flora brasileira, e sua prepara??o alco?lica tem sido utilizada de forma t?pica como anti-inflamat?rio na medicina popular. Tendo em vista a aus?ncia de estudos acerca da bioatividade e composi??o qu?mica dessa esp?cie, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de prepara??es de partes a?reas de P.brasiliensis sobre par?metros inflamat?rios, in vitro, e realizar a an?lise dos seus constituintes qu?micos. A triagem fitoqu?mica dos caules, flores e folhas da planta foi realizada por meio de rea??es cromog?nicas, fluorog?nicas e de precipita??o e sugeriu a presen?a de saponinas, terpenos, taninos e flavonoides nas partes a?reas da planta. Os extratos etan?licos de caules (PBETca), flores (PBETfl) e folhas (PBETfo) foram avaliados por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). Essa an?lise sugeriu a presen?a de flavonoides nos extratos, especialmente das classes das flavonas e flavon?is. Os ?leos essenciais de flores (PBOEfl) e de folhas (PBOEfo) foram analisados por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectr?metro de Massas (CG-EM), sendo poss?vel a identifica??o de 22 compostos no PBOEfl e 27 no PBOEfo, dentre os quais, o ?-pineno, limoneno, ?-pineno, sabineno, ?xido de cariofileno e E-cariofileno est?o presentes em maior valor percentual. Foram confeccionadas culturas de 4h de sangue total para avaliar o efeito hemol?tico dos extratos, determinado pela densidade ?ptica do sobrenadante em 540 nm. Houve indu??o de hem?lise em culturas tratadas com PBETca ou PBETfo em concentra??es superiores a 100 ?g/mL. O extrato PBETfl induziu hem?lise em culturas na concentra??o final de 200 ?g/mL. A toxicidade dos produtos naturais ?s C?lulas Mononucleares do Sangue Perif?rico (PBMC) humano ap?s 24 h e 5 dias, foi avaliada por citometria de fluxo, utilizando Azul de Tripan ou Iodeto de Prop?deo. O efeito dos produtos naturais sobre a produ??o de TNF-?, IFN-? e IL-2 foi determinado por ELISA do sobrenadante de culturas de 24 h, ap?s est?mulo com Miristato Acetato de Forbol (PMA) + Ionomicina. Todos os extratos e ?leos essenciais reduziram a produ??o de TNF-?. A s?ntese de IFN-? foi inibida pelo extrato PBETfo e pelo ?leo essencial PBOEfl. Todos os extratos etan?licos e o PBOEfl, inibiram a produ??o de IL-2. O PBETfo foi fracionado por meio de parti??o em solventes com polaridade crescente e todas as fra??es foram eficientes em inibir a s?ntese de TNF-?, por PBMC, ap?s 24 h de cultura. Somente a fra??o hex?nica reduziu a s?ntese de IFN-? e IL-2. Foram confeccionadas culturas de sangue total estimuladas com lipopolissacar?deo (LPS) para investiga??o do efeito dos ?leos essenciais sobre a express?o de COX-2, por citometria de fluxo. Os ?leos essenciais n?o interferiram na express?o de COX-2. Nossos achados sugerem que o efeito anti-inflamat?rio atribu?do ? P.brasiliensis na medicina popular pode, pelo menos em parte, ser devido ? inibi??o da produ??o de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias por linf?citos e mon?citos humanos. ? poss?vel que flavonoides das subclasses das flavonas e flavon?is possam contribuir para a atividade biol?gica dos extratos etan?licos de P. brasiliensis. Muitos monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos presentes nos ?leos essenciais de flores e folhas de P. brasiliensis j? tiveram a atividade anti-inflamat?ria descrita em outros trabalhos. / Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / ABSTRACT The Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Spreng) R. M. King & H. Rob., (Asteraceae) is native from Brazilian flora, and its alcoholic preparation has been used topically as anti-inflammatory in folk medicine. Considering the lack of studies about the bioactivity and chemical composition of this specie, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. brasiliensis aerial parts preparations on in vitro inflammatory parameters, and perform analysis of its chemical constituents. The plant stems, flowers and leaves phytochemical screening was carried out by chromogenic, fluorogenic and precipitation reactions and suggested the presence of saponins, terpenes, tannins and flavonoids in the aerial parts of the plant. The ethanolic extracts of stems (PBETca), flowers (PBETfl) and leaves (PBETfo) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). These analyses suggested the presence of flavonoids in the extracts, especially the flavones and flavonols subclasses. The flowers (PBOEfl) and leaves (PBOEfo) essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and it was possible to identify 22 and 27 compounds in PBOEfl and PBOEfo, respectively. Among the compounds the ?-pinene, limonene, ?-pinene, sabinene, caryophyllene oxide and E-caryophyllene were present in high porcentage. A 4h culture of whole blood was prepared to evaluate the hemolytic effect of the extracts, determined by supernatant optical density at 540 nm. There were hemolysis induction in cultures treated with PBETca or PBETfo at concentrations exceeding 100 ?g/mL. The extract PBETfl induced hemolysis in cultures at a final concentration of 200 ?g/mL. The natural products toxicity to human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) after 24 h and 5 days were assessed by flow cytometry using trypan blue or propidium iodide. The effect of non-toxic concentrations of the natural products on TNF-?, IFN-? and IL-2 production was determined by ELISA of 24h supernatants culture after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + Ionomycin. All extracts and essential oils reduced the TNF-? production. The IFN-? synthesis was inhibited by PETfo extract and PBOEfl essential oil.The PBETfo and PBOEfl inhibited the IFN-? synthesis. The PBOEfl and all ethanolic extracts inhibited IL-2 production. The PBETfo was fractionated by solvent partitioning of increasing polarity and all fractions were effective in inhibiting the TNF-? synthesis by PBMC after 24 h culture. Only the hexane fraction reduced the IFN-? and IL-2 synthesis. Whole blood cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were prepared to investigate the effect of essential oils on COX-2 expression by flow cytometry. Essential oils did not affect the expression of COX-2. Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect attributed to P.brasiliensis in folk medicine can, at least in part, be due to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines production by human lymphocytes and monocytes. It is possible that flavonoids of flavones and flavonols subclasses may contribute to the biological activity of ethanolic extracts of P. brasiliensis. Many monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils of P. brasiliensis flowers and leaves already had the anti-inflammatory activity described in other studies.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-06T14:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaMedeirosAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 6196726 bytes, checksum: bb286b387ac4454fac5063e624581413 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-06T14:49:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaMedeirosAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 6196726 bytes, checksum: bb286b387ac4454fac5063e624581413 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-06T14:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielaMedeirosAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 6196726 bytes, checksum: bb286b387ac4454fac5063e624581413 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / A Helicobacter pylori ? uma bact?ria espiralada, Gram negativa, m?vel emicroaer?bia reconhecida como uma das principais causas de gastrite, ?lcera, c?ncerg?strico e do linfoma de c?lulas B de baixo grau de tecido linfoide associado ? mucosa(MALT), se constituindo um microrganismo em destaque na ?rea da microbiologiam?dica. Sua import?ncia se deve ? dificuldade de tratamento, devido ? necessidade douso concomitante de v?rios medicamentos al?m do crescente surgimento de cepasresistentes e multirresistentes aos antibi?ticos empregados na cl?nica. Com o intuito deampliar a gama de op??es terap?uticas eficazes e seguras, ultimamente, vem sendointensificados estudos qu?micos sobre plantas medicinais, seja atrav?s da obten??o deextratos, fra??es, compostos isolados ou ?leos essenciais que apresentem algum tipode atividade biol?gica. Diante do exposto, objetivouseavaliar a atividade inibit?ria deextratos vegetais oriundos do Syzygium cumini e Encholirium spectabile, plantas comhist?rico de a??o anti?lceras, e do ?leo essencial obtido do S. cumini frente a H. pylori(ATCC 43504) utilizando a t?cnica de difus?o em disco, para avalia??o qualitativa, e adetermina??o da concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (CIM), atrav?s da t?cnica demicrodilui??o em caldo, para an?lise quantitativa. Tamb?m foi avaliada a toxicidade invitro dos extratos a partir de ensaio hemol?tico, utilizando eritr?citos de carneiro, e emcultura de c?lulas HeLa e VERO, pelo ensaio colorim?trico de viabilidade celularutilizando o MTT. Os extratos de ambos vegetais empregados nos ensaiosantimicrobianos n?o inibiram o crescimento bacteriano, em contrapartida o ?leoessencial do S. cumini (SCFO) mostrouseeficaz, exibindo CIM de 205 ?g/mL (dilui??oequivalente a 0,024% do ?leo bruto). Quanto ao ensaio hemol?tico, o mesmo ?leo aindaexibiu toxicidade intermedi?ria ao promover 25% de hem?lise a 1000 ?g/mL. Em rela??o? citotoxicidade em cultura de c?lulas, o SCFO, a 260 ?g/mL, comprometeu a viabilidadecelular de cerca de 80% das c?lulas HeLa e 50% das c?lulas VERO. Portanto o ?leoobtido das folhas do S. cumini apresenta potencial antibacteriano frente a H. pylori epotencial citot?xico, sugerindoseuma fonte de novas mol?culas candidatas a f?rmacos,desde que novas etapas de toxicidade in vitro e in vivo assim como caracteriza??oqu?mica sejam avaliadas. Al?m disso, o desenvolvimento de um sistema de libera??o def?rmacos pode resultar em um prot?tipo a ser utilizado em testes pr?cl?nicos. / Helicobacter pylori is a spiral, Gram negative, mobile, and microaerophilic bacteria recognized as a major cause of gastritis, ulcer, gastric cancer, and gastric low grade, B cell, mucosa ? associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, constituting an important microorganism in medical microbiology. Its importance comes from the difficulty of treatment because the requirement of multiple drugs use, besides the increasing emergence of resistant and multiresistant strains to antibiotics used in th e clinic. In order to expand safe and effective therapeutic options , chemical studies on medicinal plants by obtaining extracts, fractions, isolated compounds or essential oils with some biological activity has been intensified . Given the above, the objective was to evaluate the inhi bitory activity of organic extracts derived from Syzygium cumini and Encholirium spectabile, with antiulcer history, and the essential oil, obtained from S. cumini, against H. pylori (ATCC 43504) by the disk diffusion method, for qualitative evaluation, an d determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method, for quantitative analysis. Also was evaluated the extracts in vitro toxicity by a hemolytic assay using sheep red blood cells, and VERO and HeLa cells using the MTT assay to analyze cell viability. The extracts of both plant used in antimicrobial assays did not inhibit bacterial growth, however the essential oil of S. cumini (SCFO) proved effective, showing MIC value of 205 ?g/mL (0.024 % dilution of the original oil). In the hemolytic assay, the same oil shows moderate toxicity, by promote 25% hemolysis at 1000 ?g/mL. Regarding the cytotoxicity in cell culture, the SCFO, at 260 ?g/mL, affected the cell viability around 80% of HeLa and 50% of VERO cells. So the oi l obtained from S. cumini leaves has antimicrobial activity against H. pylori and cytotoxicity potential, suggesting a source of new molecule drug candidates, since new stages of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, as well, chemical characterization be evaluate d. Moreover, the development of a prospective drug delivery system can result in a prototype to be used in preclinical tests.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T17:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Zeneida Teixeira Pinto.pdf: 2580042 bytes, checksum: 0224e4e1200e83ae2a5e09bfaf7ca97d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 / CAPES / The muscoid flies have important public health because it acts as a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, helminth eggs) and cause secondary myiasis in humans and animals. Chemical insecticides have been of great importance in the control of synanthropic flies, but have great persistence and a broad spectrum of action, causing a prolonged impact on the environment. An alternative way to this type of control are secondary metabolites of plants, which are considered the active principle of natural insecticides. This study was divided into two chapters that approached the the theme of natural control. The first chapter is related to the essential oil chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus collected d in Brazil and Cuba, and evaluation of oil and its major component citral against the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala and Lucilia cuprina. The chemical analysis of the essential oils allowed the identification of 13 and 12 chemical components, respectively, and in both the major components were the isomers Neral (35.21% ? Cuba) (36.37% - Brazil) and Geranial (53.2% - Brazil) (51.14% - Cuba) and, Myrcene (6.52%), in a smaller proportion, was only found in Cuban oil. The results show that there were no differences between the activity of Cuban oil and Brazilian. The post-embryonic period of L. cuprina, M. domestica and C. megacephala elongated with the treatment with both oils, but it shortened the larval and neolarva to adult periods for C. putoria. All groups presented morphological alterations. The results of the the test showed that C. megacephala was the most sensitive species killing 73% in larval stage and 77% in newly-hatched larvae to adult and less sensitive was C. putoria with 40% mortality in the larval stage and 57% in newly-hatched larvae to adult. Citral shortened post-embryonic development period (larval, pupal and newly hatched larvae to adult) of M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala but C. putoria was delayed. In the second chapter, the aim was to analyze the chemical composition and insecticidal effect of the essential oils extracted from leaves of Pinus caribaea Morelet collected in Brazil and Cuba and the terpene Caryophyllene, on the post- embryonic development of the species Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, C. putoria e Lucilia cuprina. Twelve components were identified in the essential oil of P. cariabea collected in Brazil, and ? Phellandrene and Germacren D and (E) Caryophyllene were the major components, with relative areas of 39.57, 26.57 and 16.85% respectively. In comparison, 20 components were identified from the essential oil of the same species originated from Cuba with the major components, Germacrene D (48.25%), o ?-Phellandrene (12.10%) and Caryophyllene Oxide (12.41%). Caryophyllene was more toxic to M. domestica with an 87% of mortality for the newly hatched larvae to adult, the less affected species were L. cuprina and C. megacephala with 83% of mortality and for C. putoria the mortality was 63%. The post-embryonic development period was shortened in the species M. domestica, L. cuprina and C. megacephala and prolonged in C. putoria. The pupal weight was reduced in most species except in C. putoria that it had increased; there was no change in the sex ratio in the species in the study. / Os d?pteros muscoides apresentam import?ncia em sa?de p?blica, pois atua como vetor mec?nico de pat?genos (bact?rias, v?rus, ovos de helmintos), al?m de causar mi?ases secund?rias no homem e nos animais. Os inseticidas qu?micos t?m sido de grande import?ncia no controle de d?pteros sinantr?picos, mas apresentam grande persist?ncia e um amplo espectro de a??o, causando um impacto prolongado ao ambiente. Uma forma alternativa a este tipo de controle s?o os metab?litos secund?rios de plantas, que s?o considerados o princ?pio ativo dos inseticidas naturais. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois cap?tulos que abordam o tema do controle natural. O primeiro cap?tulo foi relativo a analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. A an?lise da composi?ao qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectr?metro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identifica?ao de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os ?leos, os principais componentes foram os is?meros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abund?ncia relativa (6,52%). Os d?pteros foram submetidos a diferentes concentra??es do ?leo de C. citratus (5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%) (Brasil/Cuba). As subst?ncias foram aplicadas topicamente nas neolarvas (1?L/larva). N?o houve grandes diferen?as entre a atividade do ?leo cubano e brasileiro. As esp?cies L. cuprina, M. domestica, C. megacephala tiveram o seu per?odo p?s-embrion?rio aumentado pelos dois ?leos (Brasil/Cuba), por?m em C. putoria ela apresentou um encurtamento no per?odo larval e no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. Todos os grupos tratados apresentaram deformidades. Os resultados do teste com o monoterpeno Citral mostraram que C. megacephala foi a esp?cie mais sens?vel matando 73% no per?odo larval e 77% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto e a esp?cie menos sens?vel foi C. putoria que apresentou 40% de mortalidade no per?odo larval e 57% no per?odo de neolarva a adulto. O Citral encurtou o per?odo p?s-embrion?rio das esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala, por?m na esp?cie C. putoria ele atrasou. No segundo cap?tulo objetivou analisar a composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Pinus caribaea coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e avaliar a sua a??o e a do seu componente cariofileno sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio analise da composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus coletado no Brasil e Cuba, e da avalia??o do ?leo e do seu componente majorit?rio citral sob o desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de Musca domestica, Chrysomya putoria, C. megacephala e Lucilia cuprina. Para o ?leo essencial obtido das folhas de P. caribaea coletadas no Brasil foram identificadas 12 subst?ncias qu?micas, sendo o ?-Felandreno (39,57%), Germacreno D (26,57%) e (E) Cariofileno (16,85%) os majorit?rios. A an?lise do ?leo das folhas de P. cariabea provenientes de Cuba resultou na identifica??o de 20 subst?ncias, sendo o Germacreno D (48,25%), ?xido de Cariofileno (12,41%) e ? Felandreno (12,10%) Germacreno D (48,25%) os constituintes majorit?rios. O Cariofileno mostrou ser mais t?xico para M. domestica com uma mortalidade de 87% na fase de neolarva a adulto e as esp?cies menos afetadas foram L. cuprina e C. megacephala com 83% de mortalidade e para C. putoria a mortalidade observada foi de 63%. O per?odo p?s- embrion?rio foi encurtado nas esp?cies M. domestica, L. cuprina e C. megacephala e aumentado em C. putoria. O peso pupal foi reduzido na maioria das esp?cies com exce??o de C. putoria que teve ele aumentado e n?o houve altera??o na propor??o sexual nas esp?cies estudadas.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T19:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-14T18:31:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T18:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGevilbergueViana_TESE.pdf: 5841614 bytes, checksum: a1942694c0220572b2895b7fa57c26cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A corros?o microbiologicamente induzida (CMI) atinge todos os setores de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo e g?s e demanda expressivos gastos e investimentos para preven??o e controle. O objetivo dessa tese foi avaliar as atividades biocida e antibiofouling de metab?litos de microrganismos endof?ticos de Lippia gracilis Schauer como tamb?m do ?leo essencial (puro e em sistema microemulsionado) dessa esp?cie sobre biofilmes microbianos em a?o carbono 1020 AISI. Os experimentos utilizaram cupons de a?o carbono 1020 AISI dispostos em Erlenmyers e em sistema din?mico para a obten??o dos biofilmes. A avalia??o biocida dos metab?litos deu-se pela quantifica??o microbiana pelas t?cnicas de absorb?ncia, do n?mero mais prov?vel (NMP), antes e ap?s os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 100, 150 e 200 ?g/L de cada metab?lito sobre biofilmes nos tempos de contato zero, duas, tr?s e quatro semanas, com tr?s repeti??es por tratamentos. A a??o antibiofouling foi realizada pelo contato dos metab?litos na maior concentra??o (200 ?g/L) com os biocupons antes da obten??o dos biofilmes. A a??o antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial de L. gracilis Schauer na forma pura, e em sistema microemulsionado, foi avaliada pela quantifica??o de bact?rias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), oxidantes de ferro (BOF), fungos, bact?rias aer?bias e anaer?bias totais, pelas t?cnicas de NMP, plaqueamento pour plate, espectrofotometria de massa (EM) e an?lise de micrografias realizadas antes e ap?s os tratamentos. A atividade anticorrosiva foi avaliada por imped?ncia e polariza??o eletroqu?micas, testes gravim?tricos (perda de massa e quantifica??o de pites) bem como pela obten??o de micrografias da superf?cie do a?o carbono. Amostras de L. gracilis Schauer foram coletadas no munic?pio de Mossor? - RN e foram isolados fungos e bact?rias das ra?zes e folhas. Uma nova esp?cie de fungo foi descoberta e identificada como Achaetomium lippae. Foram obtidos tr?s metab?litos: dois de fungos e um de bact?ria. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferen?a da atividade biocida e antibiofouling entre os metab?litos de endof?ticos de L. gracilis Schauer avaliados, sendo LGS-Rb1 o mais eficiente na maioria tipos microbianos testados, evitando a forma??o de biofouling e reduzindo a taxa de crescimento microbiano na maior concentra??o avaliada. Os ensaios eletroqu?micos e gravim?tricos mostraram que para todos os metab?litos houve varia??o na atividade anticorrosiva. O ?leo essencial de L. gracilis Schauer avaliado in natura inibiu significativamente o crescimento in vitro de C. bifermentans e de fungos em biofilme, reduzindo sua taxa de crescimento a zero a partir de 20 ?g.L-1. Os ensaios eletroqu?micos e gravim?tricos mostraram que a concentra??o de 60 ?g.L-1 do ?leo essencial foi eficiente na redu??o da corros?o. Nos ensaios usando o sistema microemulsionado o ?leo essencial inibiu eficientemente o crescimento de BRS, BOF e fungos ap?s 16 dias de contato e teve atividade antibiofouling ap?s 96 horas de contato com os biocupons de a?o carbono AISI 1020. Dessa forma os metab?litos de endof?ticos de L. gracilis Schauer bem como seu ?leo essencial mostram-se como novas alternativas de biocidas naturais eficientes no controle da corros?o microbiologicamente induzida. / The corrosion microbiologically induced (CMI) reaches all the sectors of production of the industry in Petroleum oil and Gas and demands expressive expensive and investments for prevention and control. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the biocide and antibiofouling activities of secondary metabolites obtained from endophytic microorganisms of Lippia gracilis Schauer as well of the essential oil (pure and in microemulsified system) from this species on microbial biofilms in 1020 AISI carbono steel. The experiments for biocide activity used 1020 AISI carbon steel plate arranged in Erlenmyers and dynamic system with forced circulation for obtaining of the total biofilms from water produced by oil. The assessment for biocide of the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer resulted of the quantification of these species of bacteria in the quantification techniques by absorbance in more probable numbers (MPN), before and after the treatments, had been identified by gas chromatography coupled the spectrophotometry in mass (CG-MS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) just those who demonstrated activities. The treatments consisted in evaluating the concentrations 0, 100, 150 and 200 ?g/L in each metabolites on biofilms in times contact to zero, two, three and four weeks, with three repetition by treatments. The antibiofouling action was made in the contact of the metabolites in the highest concentration (200 ?g/L) with the bioplates before being inserted into the dynamic system. The antimicrobial action of the essential oil L. gracilis Schauer in the pure form and in a microemulsified system was evaluated by the quantification bacteria reducer of sulphate (BRS), oxidant of iron (BOI), fungi, aerobic bacteria and total anaerobes by the techniques of dilution, platingpourplate, spectrophotometry in mass (MS) and micrographs analysis made before and after the treatments. The anticorrosive activity of all bioproducts was evaluated by electrochemical impedance and polarization, gravimetric examinations of mass loss and quantification of pites, as well in the obtaining of micrographs of the carbon steel`s surface. Samples of L. gracilis Schauer were collected in the city of Mossor? - RN and were isolated fungi and bacteria from the roots and leaves. A new type of fungus was discovered and identified as Achaetomium lippae. Three metabolites were obtained: two fungi (LGS-Lf1 and LGS-Lf2, being "LGS" for L. gracilis Schauer, "L": leaf, ?f?: fungus and "R" for root) and one of bacteria (LGS-Rb1, being "LGS" for L. gracilis Schauer, "R": root and "b": bacterium). The results showed that there was a difference in the biocide activity and antibiofouling between the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer assessed, being just the LGS-Lf1 being efficient over all the microorganisms tested, avoiding the formation of biofouling on the surface of the material and reducing the rate of microbial growth at zero after 96 hours of contact at the highest concentration evaluated. The electrochemical and gravimetric tests displayed that for all the metabolites occured change in the anticorrosive activity. The L. gracilis Schauer essential oil evaluated in the pure form inhibited significally the growth in vito of C. bifermentans and of fungi in biofilm, reducing their growth rate to zero as from 20 ?g.L-1. The electrochemical and gravimetric tests showed that the concentration of 60 ?g.L-1 of the essential oil was efficient in the reduction of corrosion. In the tests, using the microemulsified system, the essential oil inhibited the growth of BRS, BOF and fungi 16 days later in contact and had antibiofouling activity after 96 hours in contact with the AISI 1020 bioplates of carbon steel. Therefore, the metabolites from endophytic of L. gracilis Schauer as well its essential oil are shown as new alternatives of natural biocides efficient in the control of the corrosion microbiologically induced.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:45Z No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 wil.pdf: 5662404 bytes, checksum: fbb7ee80707ec5b04e9341e471b178d8 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / O Cerrado apresenta grande diversidade de esp?cies vegetais nativas, muito utilizadas na medicina popular e com pouco ou nenhum estudo cient?fico. Entre essas esp?cies, destaca-se a Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), conhecida como ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? ou ?Murta?. A medicina tradicional recomenda o uso das folhas na forma de infus?o, como antidiarreico, contra infec??es urin?rias e respirat?rias. Estudos evidenciam atividade antimicrobiana do ?leo essencial e leishmanicida do extrato etan?lico das folhas. Estudos fitoqu?micos revelaram a presen?a de compostos fen?licos no extrato e terpenos no ?leo essencial. Geralmente, a constitui??o qu?mica de ?leos essenciais oriundos de um mesmo esp?cimen vegetal e obtidos de plantas de uma mesma esp?cie pode apresentar varia??es qualitativas e quantitativas, em virtude de fatores gen?ticos, ambientais e ontog?nicos. ? importante estudar essas varia??es qu?micas, pois isso pode apresentar implica??es nas atividades biol?gicas de produtos da planta. Al?m disso, tais estudos podem servir para determina??o de marcadores qu?micos ou auxiliar no controle de qualidade do ?leo essencial. Assim, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo observar varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa na composi??o qu?mica do ?leo essencial extra?do de folhas de quatro esp?cimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) de B. salicifolius, em tr?s per?odos do dia e nas quatro esta??es do ano. Realizou-se a coleta em habitat natural da esp?cie, na Reserva Guapuruvu da Arcelor Mittal, em Itamarandiba-MG. Procedeu-se a extra??o dos ?leos essenciais de folhas frescas atrav?s de hidrodestila??o em Aparato de Clevenger. Calculou-se o rendimento de cada amostra extra?da (v/m). Efetuou-se a an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes dos ?leos essenciais por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) e ?ndice de Reten??o Relativa (IRR). O maior rendimento extrativo de ?leo essencial, para todos os esp?cimens, ocorreu no ver?o, e o BS4 foi o que apresentou o maior rendimento m?dio, 0,80% ? 0,12. Verificou-se a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qualitativa e quantitativa dos componentes majorit?rios das amostras analisadas. Assim, houve varia??es qu?micas entre diferentes indiv?duos da esp?cie estudada provenientes de um mesmo habitat, o que pode sugerir diferen?as gen?ticas e/ou ontog?nicas, embora a fase de desenvolvimento fosse semelhante entre os esp?cimens estudados, interferindo no metabolismo secund?rio. Constatou-se, tamb?m, a ocorr?ncia de varia??es qu?micas intraindividuais, sugerindo que as varia??es ambientais (sazonais e circadianas) interferem na composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais. No entanto, observou-se a presen?a constante, com varia??es quantitativas, de quatro terpenoides (?-pineno, trans-cariofileno, espatulenol e ?-humuleno) em todos os ?leos essenciais analisados. A quantidade de sesquiterpenos identificados sempre foi superior ? de monoterpenos, em todas as amostras. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT The Cerrado comprise great diversity of native vegetal species, widely used in folk medicine although with little or no scientific study. Among these species, stands out Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), known as ?Maria-preta?, ?Guamirim? or ?Murta?. Traditional medicine recommends the use of fresh leaves infusions as antidiarreic, against urinary and respiratory tracts infections. Some studies showed antibiotic activity of essential oil and leishmanicidal activity of ethanolic extract from leaves. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract and terpenes in the essential oil. Generally, the chemical composition of essential oils from the same vegetal specimen and the same species presents quantitative and qualitative variations, due to genetic, environmental and ontogenetic reasons. It is important to study these chemical changes, because this may have implications in the biological activities of plant products. Furthermore, such studies can serve for determination of chemical markers or assist in quality control of essential oil. Thus, this study aimed to observe quantitative and qualitative variations in the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from leaves of four specimens (BS1, BS2, BS3 e BS4) of B. salicifolius, in three period of the day in the four seasons. The leaves were collected on natural habitat of the specie, in Reserva Guapuruvu, Arcelor Mittal, in Itamarandiba-MG. It was proceeded the extraction of essential oils from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus. It was calculated the yield of the extracted sample (v/w). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oils compounds were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Relative Retention Index (RRI). The higher yield of essential oil extraction, for all specimens, occurred in the summer and BS4 was presented the highest yield, 0.80% ? 0.12. There was the occurrence of qualitative and quantitative variations of the major components of the samples. Thus, there were chemical variations between different individuals of the species studied from the same habitat, which may suggest genetic differences and/or ontogeny, although the stage of development was similar among the specimens studied by interfering with secondary metabolism. It was found, also, the occurrence of chemical intraindividual variations, suggesting that environmental variations (seasonal and circadian) interfere with the chemical composition of essential oils. However, there was a constant presence, with quantitative variations in all four terpen?ides (?-pinene, trans-caryophyllene, ?-humulene and spathulenol) in essential oils analyzed. The amount of sesquiterpenes identified was always higher than that of monoterpenes in all samples.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-20T14:50:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Uir? do Amaral.pdf: 1011379 bytes, checksum: cf85bc1dcca1c891320f8683e0b406b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T14:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Uir? do Amaral.pdf: 1011379 bytes, checksum: cf85bc1dcca1c891320f8683e0b406b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Biodiversity, one of the fundamental properties of nature, is a source of immense economic potential. Brazil holds a rich biodiversity, and is considered one of the most important mega-diverse countries on the planet. Among the various links that make up this biodiversity Brazilian native flora noteworthy. Despite this, there have been few studies that promote intelligent and rational use of this genetic resource. Domestication and breeding of native plants, including those already known and used by local or regional populations, but without penetration at the national or international market is the great opportunity offered to the countries rich in genetic resources. Medicinal and aromatic plants represent a significant part of this potential market, and the lemongrass-Brazilian species (Lippia alba) is an important example of medicinal and aromatic plant, long used in folk medicine for his duties as soothing, antispasmodic, sedative, and produce various kinds of essential oils can be used by the perfume industry, food and cleaning products, beyond the control of pests and diseases in agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability, genetic parameters and the agronomic behavior of different accesses of L. alba, coming from the metropolitan region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The experiment was conducted in November 2011 on Medicinal Plants Sector of Agronomy Institute of Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and crops were obtained in the spring of 2013 and summer of 2014. This study was divided into three chapters: Polymorphism in clones of L. alba coming from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (Chapter I); Genetic variation for morphological characters in clones of A. alba (Chapter II) and seasonality effect in producing chemotypes of L. alba (Chapter III). In Chapter I the accessions were grouped into dendrogram, five groups being formed and the group I met two similar access (UFRRJLA 17 and UFRRJLA 18). In Chapter II it was shown that the characters analyzed showed variability according to the season (spring or summer) confirming the strong influence of the environment on quantitative variables. The total dry matter and yield were higher in access UFRRJLA05 with citral chemotype, which showed the highest average values in the two seasons in which the data were evaluated. As for the essential oil yield and productivity stood out access UFRRJLA03 with limonene-carvone chemotype, both in spring and in summer. / A biodiversidade, uma das propriedades fundamentais da natureza, ? fonte de imenso potencial de uso econ?mico. O Brasil ? detentor de uma rica biodiversidade, e ? considerado um dos pa?ses megadiversos mais importantes do planeta. Dentre os v?rios elos que comp?e esta biodiversidade a flora nativa brasileira merece destaque. Apesar disto, poucos t?m sido os estudos que promovem a utiliza??o inteligente e racional destes recursos gen?ticos. A domestica??o e o melhoramento de plantas nativas, incluindo aquelas j? conhecidas e utilizadas por popula??es locais ou regionais, por?m sem penetra??o no mercado nacional ou internacional, ? a grande oportunidade que se oferece aos pa?ses ricos em recursos gen?ticos. As plantas medicinais e arom?ticas representam uma parte expressiva deste mercado em potencial, sendo que a esp?cie erva-cidreira-brasileira (Lippia alba) ? um exemplo importante de planta medicinal e arom?tica, h? muito tempo utilizada pela medicina popular por suas fun??es como calmante, antiespasm?dica, sedativo, al?m de produzir v?rios tipos de ?leos essenciais podendo ser utilizada pela ind?stria de perfumes, alimentos e produtos de limpeza, al?m do controle de pragas e doen?as na agricultura. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade gen?tica e par?metros gen?ticos de acessos de L. alba e o comportamento agron?mico de diferentes clones oriundos da regi?o Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O experimento foi instalado em novembro de 2011 no Setor de Plantas Medicinais do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, e as colheitas foram obtidas na primavera de 2013 e no ver?o de 2014. Este estudo foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos: Polimorfismo em clones de L. alba oriundos da regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (Cap?tulo I) e Par?metros gen?ticos e avalia??o agron?mica em clones de L. alba (Mill) N.E.Brown em duas esta??es no ano (Cap?tulo II). No cap?tulo I os acessos foram agrupados em dendrograma, sendo formados cinco grupos e o grupo I reuniu os dois acessos similares (UFRRJLA 17 e UFRRJLA 18). No cap?tulo II foi demonstrado que os caracteres analisadas apresentaram comportamento vari?vel conforme a esta??o do ano (primavera ou ver?o) confirmando a forte influ?ncia do ambiente sobre as vari?veis quantitativas. A mat?ria seca total e a produtividade foram maiores no clone com quimiotipo citral (UFRRJLA05), com os maiores valores m?dios nas duas esta??es do ano em que os dados foram avaliados. J? para o rendimento e produtividade de ?leo essencial destacou-se o acesso com quimiotipo limoneno-carvona (UFRRJLA03), tanto na primavera quanto no ver?o

Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-11-12T01:28:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lippia grata UEFS.pdf: 1504199 bytes, checksum: 6547f6ba792b976ed41c1fae77889843 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T01:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Lippia grata UEFS.pdf: 1504199 bytes, checksum: 6547f6ba792b976ed41c1fae77889843 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The treatment of orofacial pain remains a major challenge for modern medicine. So, new therapeutic proposals has sought in natural products pharmacological options for this nosology. In the current study, it was prepared and physicochemically characterized a ?-cyclodextrin complex containing L. grata leaf essential oil (?-CD/EO) in order to investigate their possible antinociceptive activity in animal models of orofacial pain. The essential oil from the leaves of Lippia grata (EO ) was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and the main compounds identified was made through CG-MS. The phytochemical analysis of EO demonstred the presence of camphor (28,69%), (E)-caryophillene (11,47%), bicyclogermacrene (10,22%), camphene (9,45%) and borneol (7,64%) as the main compounds. Following these preliminary results, the inclusion complex of ?-cyclodextrin and EO (?-CD/EO) was prepared by slurry procedure (SC). It was taken physicochemical characterization. The results of DSC and TG/DTG showed that the products prepared by SC methods were able to incorporate greater amounts of EO. In the X-ray diffractogram, it was showed that complex between EO and ?-CD was formed. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with ?-CD/EO (6, 12 or 24 mg/kg, per os, gavage, p.o.), morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), 90 min. before treatment with formalin (20 ?l, 2%), capsaicin (20 ?l, 2,5 ?g), or glutamate (40 ?l, 25 ?M) into the right upper lip. The obtained data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey?s test. The results demonstrated that p.o. treatment with ?-CD/EO was (p<0,05 or p<0,001) capable in reducing the nociceptive face-rubbing behavior in both phases of the formalin test. ?-CD/EO-treated mice were also (p<0.05 or p<0.001) protected against nociception induced by capsaicin and glutamate. For the action in the central nervous system (CNS), ninety minutes after the treatment, the mice were perfused, the brains collected, crioprotected, cut in a criostate and submitted to an imunofluorescence protocol for Fos protein. The imunofluorescence protocol demonstrated that the ?-CD/EO significantly activated (p<0,05; p<0,01 or p<0,001) the motor cortex, the locus ceruleus, the nucleus raphe magnus and the periaqueductal gray of the CNS. These effects did not alter, in tested doses, the motor coordination of mice in the rota-rod test. These results suggest that treatment with ?-CD/EO induces an analgesic profile in experimental models of orofacial nociception, promising pharmacologic complex in treatment of orofacial pain. / O tratamento da dor orofacial representa um importante desafio para a medicina moderna. Desta forma, novas propostas terap?uticas t?m buscado nos produtos naturais op??es farmacol?gicas para esta nosologia. No presente estudo, foi preparado e caracterizado fisicoquimicamente, um complexo de ?-ciclodextrina incorporado com o ?leo essencial das folhas de Lippia grata (?-CD/OE) buscando avaliar sua poss?vel a??o antinociceptiva em modelos animais de dor orofacial. O ?leo essencial (OE) foi obtido por hidrodestila??o em aparato de Clevenger e os compostos marjorit?rios foram identificados por CG-MS. A an?lise fitoqu?mica do ?leo demonstrou a presen?a de c?nfora (28,69%), (E)-cariofileno (11,47%), biciclogermacreno (10,22%), c?nfeno (9,45%) e borneol (7,64%) como principais componentes. Ap?s estes resultados preliminares, este ?leo foi ent?o complexado em ?-ciclodextrina e a an?lise fisicoqu?mica realizada. Os resultados da DSC e TG/DTG demonstraram que produtos preparados por m?todos de coevapora??o foram capazes de incorporar grandes quantidades de ?leo essencial. No difractograma de raios X, foi mostrado que o complexo entre OE e ?-CD foi formado. Camundongos machos Swiss foram pr?-tratados com ?-CD/OE (6, 12 ou 24 mg/kg, per os, gavagem, v.o.), morfina (5 mg/kg, i.p.), ou ve?culo (?gua destilada, v.o.), 90 min. antes do tratamento com formalina (20 ?l, 2%), capsaicina (20 ?l, 2,5 ?g), ou glutamato (40 ?l, 25 ?M) no l?bio superior direito. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por an?lise de vari?ncia de uma via (ANOVA), seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento v.o. com ?-CD/OE foi capaz de reduzir (p<0,05 ou p<0,001) o comportamento nociceptivo de co?ar a face em ambas as fases do teste da formalina. Camundongos tratados com ?-CD/OE foram tamb?m (p<0,05 ou p<0,001) protegidos contra a nocicep??o induzida por capsaicina e glutamato. Para avaliar a a??o no sistema nervoso central (SNC), noventa minutos ap?s o tratamento, os camundongos foram perfundidos, os c?rebros coletados, crioprotegidos, cortados num criostato e submetidos a um protocolo de imunofluoresc?ncia para prote?na Fos. O protocolo de imunofluoresc?ncia demonstrou que o complexo de ?-CD/EO ativou (p<0,05; p<0,01 ou p<0,001) o c?rtex motor, o locus ceruleus, o n?cleo magno da rafe e a subst?ncia cinzenta periaquedutal do SNC. Esses efeitos n?o alteraram, nas doses testadas, a coordena??o motora dos camundongos no teste rota-rod. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com ?-CD/EO induz perfil analg?sico em modelos experimentais de nocicep??o orofacial, sendo um complexo farmacol?gico promissor no tratamento da dor orofacial.

CAPES / Due to the environmental impact generated by the continued use of inert material derived exclusively from petroleum, there was an increase in research aimed at developing of films for packaging based on biopolymers, because they are degraded in composting conditions, not harm the environment. Films produced by biopolymer based perform support nutrients functions, preservation of bioactive, improved nutritional and sensory food characteristics of bringing with their quality and shelf life. In this context, the polysaccharides as an alternative because they are able to form solid polymeric matrices. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize flexible biodegradable films from natural polymers from renewable sources (starch), incorporated acerola pulp and clove essential oil (OEC) as antioxidant additives, antimicrobials, sources of vitamin C and carotenoids, prepared by casting process, aiming the choice of the best formulation for production of bioplastics by extrusion and pressing process. The filmogenic solutions were prepared at fixed concentrations of cassava starch (4%), acerola pulp (34.54%) and varying concentrations of glycerol (30; 22,5; 15; 7,5 and 0%) and OEC (0; 7,5, 15, 22,5 and 30%). One step of this study was to evaluate the bacteriostatic ability of the OEC and composite films with him against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus of Gram-positive group and Salmonella tiphymurium of the Gram-negative group, and the fungus Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus flavus. All formed films were visually transparent and homogeneous. The substitution of glycerol for OEC caused no statistically significant difference in the properties of thickness, water activity (AW) and to water vapor permeability (WVP). The reduced glycerol content, proportional to the increase in concentration of OEC, increased total solids, vitamin C, carotenoids, ?-carotene and antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS and the reduction of the moisture content. The reduction of the glycerol content until 15% favored increased stress and strain at tensile and puncture and young modulus, after this limit has shown a drastic reduction in these properties. The desirability function used in the optimization process for selecting the best film produced by casting, to reproduce by extrusion and pressing. The extruded and compressed bioplastic obtained under the same conditions (starch concentration, pulp, glycerol and OEC) that formed by casting, was flexible, visually homogeneous and showed lower values for total solids, tensile deformation, puncture force, vitamin C, carotenoids and ?-carotene contents, and higher values in moisture and antioxidant activity by DPPH. Losses of bioactive were analyzed between each step of the casting process and extrusion, separately. Therefore, the incorporation of pulp acerola and clove essential oil in cassava starch biofilms gave a pronounced protective effect of the bioactive, altering the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. / O impacto ambiental gerado pelo uso cont?nuo de material inerte, oriundo exclusivamente de derivados de petr?leo, tem favorecido o aumento nas pesquisas visando o desenvolvimento de filmes para embalagem a base de biopol?meros, pois estes em condi??es de compostagem s?o reincorporados ao ambiente. Al?m disso, os filmes a base de biopol?meros podem desempenhar fun??es de suporte de nutrientes, preserva??o de bioativos, melhoria das caracter?sticas nutricionais e sensoriais dos alimentos, elevando sua qualidade e vida ?til. Neste contexto, os polissacar?deos apresentam-se como alternativa, pois s?o capazes de formar matrizes polim?ricas cont?nuas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar filmes flex?veis biodegrad?veis ativos a partir de amido, incorporados de polpa de acerola e ?leo essencial de cravo (OEC) como aditivos antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, fontes de vitamina C e carotenoides, elaborados pelos processos de casting, extrus?o e termoprensagem. Nos filmes por casting, as solu??es filmog?nicas foram elaboradas em concentra??es fixas de amido de mandioca (4%), polpa de acerola (34,54%) e concentra??es variadas de glicerol (30; 22,5; 15; 7.5 e 0%) e OEC (0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30%) em rela??o ao peso do amido. Sendo, os aditivos glicerol e OEC representados por 30% na base de amido. Uma etapa deste estudo consistiu em avaliar a capacidade antimicrobiana do OEC e dos filmes compostos adicionados deste. Esta avalia??o foi realizada por meio do teste de difus?o em ?gar com as bact?rias Staphylococcus aureus do grupo Gram-positivo e Salmonella tiphymurium do grupo Gram-negativo e dos fungos Penicillium sp. e Aspergillus flavus. Os filmes formados foram visualmente transparentes e homog?neos. A substitui??o do glicerol por OEC n?o provocou diferen?a estatisticamente significativa nas propriedades de espessura, atividade de ?gua (Aw) e permeabilidade ao vapor de ?gua (PVA). A redu??o do teor de glicerol, proporcional ? eleva??o da concentra??o de OEC, aumentou o teor de s?lidos totais, vitamina C, carotenoides totais, ?-caroteno, atividade antioxidante e a redu??o do teor de umidade. A redu??o do teor de glicerol at? 15% favoreceu o aumento da tens?o e deforma??o nos ensaios de tra??o e de perfura??o, bem como do m?dulo de elasticidade, ap?s este limite, foi evidenciada uma redu??o dr?stica nestas propriedades. A fun??o desejabilidade foi utilizada no processo de otimiza??o para sele??o do filme ideal (elevado teor de vitamina C, carotenoide e ?-caroteno, maior resist?ncia e deforma??o nos ensaios de tra??o e perfura??o, elevada capacidade antioxidante e m?dio m?dulo de elasticidade) elaborado por casting, para reprodu??o por extrus?o e prensagem. O biopl?stico extrusado e prensado obtido nas mesmas condi??es (concentra??o de amido, polpa, glicerol e OEC), que o formado por casting, foi flex?vel, visualmente homog?neo e apresentou menores valores para deforma??o na tra??o, for?a na perfura??o, teor de vitamina C, carotenoides, ?-caroteno e capacidade antioxidante por DPPH. Foram analisadas as perdas de bioativos entre cada etapa dos processos casting e extrus?o, separadamente. Possivelmente, a incorpora??o de ?leo essencial de cravo conferiu um pronunciado efeito protetor dos bioativos da polpa de acerola nos biofilmes de amido de mandioca, alterando as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e mec?nicas.