Submitted by PPG Servi?o Social (servico-social-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-23T11:32:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Carmen L?cia Nunes da Cunha.pdf: 3237350 bytes, checksum: 7d15cf406b1ac95b885f009bd769ab26 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-08T19:07:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Carmen L?cia Nunes da Cunha.pdf: 3237350 bytes, checksum: 7d15cf406b1ac95b885f009bd769ab26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T19:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Carmen L?cia Nunes da Cunha.pdf: 3237350 bytes, checksum: 7d15cf406b1ac95b885f009bd769ab26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation is the result of the research that aimed to discuss how families organize themselves in the care of members with loss of autonomy and dependence for the activities of daily life due to stroke and what the support of the Health Policy in the monitoring of these families. Part of the understanding that the family is a social construction that establishes a dialectical relationship with society and that varies according to the current mode of production that establishes a hegemonic model, such as the nuclear family in bourgeois society, spread to other social classes. This model is adopted by social policies, although the current day shows us that there is no one way to be a family. There is difficulty in defining a single concept for the term "families," since it encompasses a variety of family configurations and arrangements, but the family is considered the traditional locus of care and social policies lay the responsibility for the care of its members. The State only acts when the family "fails" to provide the conditions for socialization, survival and protection of their relatives. This perspective overlooks the fact that families are not able to afford alone with all the demands and responsibilities placed on them and therefore need the social protection of the State as a right. Access and shelter were identified as challenges and possibilities of family social protection by the State and Better at Home Program and the need to judicialize health as limits of the policy. Regarding the social protection of the family by the family, the participants assumed the task of care of the member affected by stroke, however one follows the traditionally adopted model, in which care is a feminine attribution, in another the male figure assumes this role of caregiver, contrary to the data indicated in the surveys. Another possibility of this protection by the family is the adoption of care sharing, a situation identified in the research and contrary to findings in the literature. / A presente disserta??o ? fruto da pesquisa que objetivou discutir como as fam?lias se organizam no cuidado de membro com perda de autonomia e depend?ncia para as atividades da vida di?ria devido ao AVC e qual o suporte da Pol?tica de Sa?de no acompanhamento destas fam?lias. Parte do entendimento de que a fam?lia ? uma constru??o social que estabelece uma rela??o dial?tica com a sociedade e que varia de acordo com o modo de produ??o vigente que institui um modelo hegem?nico, como a fam?lia nuclear na sociedade burguesa, espraiado para as outras classes sociais. Modelo este adotado pelas pol?ticas sociais, embora os dias atuais nos mostrem que n?o existe uma ?nica forma de ser fam?lia. H? dificuldade na defini??o de um conceito ?nico para o termo ?fam?lias?, visto que engloba uma variedade de configura??es e arranjos familiares, por?m a fam?lia ? considerada o l?cus tradicional do cuidado e as pol?ticas sociais nela depositam a responsabilidade pelo cuidado de seus membros. O Estado somente atua quando a fam?lia ?falha? em prover as condi??es de socializa??o, sobreviv?ncia e prote??o de seus familiares. Esta perspectiva desconsidera que as fam?lias n?o t?m condi??es de arcar sozinhas com todas as exig?ncias e responsabilidades nelas depositadas e por isso necessitam da prote??o social do Estado enquanto direito. Identificou-se o acesso e o acolhimento como desafios e possibilidades da prote??o social da fam?lia pelo Estado e Programa Melhor em Casa e a necessidade de judicializa??o da sa?de como limites da pol?tica. Com rela??o a prote??o social da fam?lia pela fam?lia, os participantes assumiram a tarefa de cuidado do membro adoecido por AVC, por?m uma segue o modelo tradicionalmente adotado, em que o cuidado ? uma atribui??o feminina, noutra a figura masculina assume este papel de cuidador, contrariando os dados indicados nas pesquisas. Outra possibilidade desta prote??o pela fam?lia ? a ado??o do compartilhamento do cuidado, situa??o identificada na pesquisa e que contraria os achados na literatura.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-08T19:52:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ana Paula Souza Rodrigues.pdf: 2251516 bytes, checksum: 08c3ae66b09f0758ce52b12dd2b49a5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-08T19:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Ana Paula Souza Rodrigues.pdf: 2251516 bytes, checksum: 08c3ae66b09f0758ce52b12dd2b49a5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / CAPES / The research?s goal is to analyse, by means of a longitudinal study, seigniorial families that belonged their material and immaterial Wealth base in Parishes of Rio de Janeiro, which established the conquer of the land or occupied the apex of the social and economic hierarchy in that places. We verified that they earned by land purchasing, relatives? formation and rituals, slaveholding, free workers establishment in their farms, among other outlines. We are going to analyse seigniorial families of two Parishes, Nossa Senhora da Piedade and Santo Antonio de Jacutinga, situated in Rec?ncavo da Guanabara. The cutting time adopted is about the families? managerial survival historical in 17th century to 18th century when it was the period that had the biggest growth of the sugar and feed production. / O objetivo desta pesquisa ? analisar, por meio de um estudo longitudinal, fam?lias senhoriais que possu?am a base de sua riqueza material e imaterial em Freguesias rurais do Rio de Janeiro, as quais estabeleceram a conquista da terra e ocuparam o ?pice da hierarquia social e econ?mica naquelas localidades. Constatamos que, para isso, valeram-se da posse ou compra de terras, da constitui??o de redes de parentesco consangu?neas e rituais, da posse de escravos, do estabelecimento de trabalhadores livres em seus s?tios e fazendas, dentre outros elementos. Analisamos fam?lias senhoriais de duas freguesias rurais, as freguesias de Nossa Senhora da Piedade do Igua?u e Santo Antonio de Jacutinga, situadas ao fundo do Rec?ncavo da Guanabara. O corte temporal adotado ? o do tempo das fam?lias, da sobreviv?ncia geracional da casa que, aqui, contempla fins do s?culo XVII a fins do s?culo XVIII, per?odo de crescimento e maior produ??o de a??car e g?neros aliment?cios.

La zone étudiée appartient à celle des écailles de Digne, secteur des chaines subalpines méridionales, réputée pour les nombreux chevauchements.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-16T17:11:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-19T14:21:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T14:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseHilarioTavaresDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1136602 bytes, checksum: c33e551f37120e471667329c4fd818bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Em diversas regi?es do pa?s foram realizados estudos da fauna de culic?deos em ?reas antropizadas de ambientes variados, urbanos, rurais e florestais. A Floresta Nacional de N?sia Floresta (FLONA-NF), localizada na regi?o Metropolitana de Natal, ? um remanescente de Mata Atl?ntica submetida a hist?ricas etapas de antropiza??o. Os fragmentos encontram-se em lenta regenera??o da mata nativa, portanto apresenta uma heterogeneidade de habitats, o que permite o desenvolvimento de esp?cies de culic?deos com variados h?bitos hematof?gicos e comportamentais, tais fatores estimularam a realiza??o do presente estudo na unidade de conserva??o. Os estudos com culic?deos permitem tamb?m avaliar o grau de altera??o ambiental em algumas regi?es. Esses insetos participam das cadeias epidemiol?gicas de doen?as com distribui??o geogr?fica extensa e ocorr?ncia em grandes grupos populacionais, tornando necess?rio o conhecimento das caracter?sticas biol?gicas das esp?cies com a finalidade de se conhecer pontos vulner?veis que facilitem o controle dos insetos vetores. Com o objetivo de realizar o primeiro levantamento de culicideos na ?rea preservada de N?sia Floresta foram realizadas coletas mensais de mosquitos adultos e imaturos por meio de quatro procedimentos metodol?gicos, coletas com armadilha Shannon, aspirador de Nasci, em brom?lias e larvitrampas entre fevereiro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014. Foram coletados e identificados morfologicamente por meio de chaves entomol?gicas de identifica??o espec?fica, 8.299 indiv?duos, com a seguinte distribui??o: 7.677 mosquitos adultos coletados na armadilha Shannon; 397 mosquitos capturados por meio de aspirador el?trico de Nasci; 93 e 132 mosquitos imaturos em larvitrampas e brom?lias respectivamente. Entre os culic?deos foram encontrados nove g?neros com 19 esp?cies e 3 g?neros sem identifica??o da esp?cie. O presente estudo mostra-se relevante por ser o primeiro estudo realizado no local, com registro de ocorr?ncia de esp?cies no Rio Grande do Norte; pelo acr?scimo de informa??es sobre a ecologia dos culicideos e por acrescentar conhecimento sobre t?xons com import?ncia m?dica em outras regi?es do pa?s. Al?m disso, sinaliza para a import?ncia da conserva??o do fragmento florestal de mata atl?ntica e an?lises acerca da urbaniza??o das ?reas do entorno da unidade de conserva??o considerando a aproxima??o potencial de hospedeiros invertebrados, vertebrados e consequentemente a veicula??o de pat?genos com impacto na sa?de p?blica. / Studies on culicid fauna were conducted in anthropized areas of urban, rural and forest environments in different regions of Brazil. The National Forest of Nisia Floresta (FLONANF), located in the metropolitan region of Natal, is an Atlantic Forest remnant submitted to historical stages of anthropization. The fragments are in a stage of slow regeneration of native forest, exhibiting, therefore, heterogeneity of habitats, which enables the development of culicid species with varied hematophagic and behavioral habits. These factors stimulated the present study at the conservation unit. Studies of culicids also allow assessing the degree of environmental change in a number of regions. These insects participate in the epidemiological chains of diseases with extensive geographic distribution and occurrence of large population groups, requiring knowledge of the biological characteristics of species in order to determine the vulnerable points that facilitate control of vector insects. With the aim of performing the first culicid survey in the preserved area of Nisia Floresta, monthly collections of adult and immature mosquitoes were conducted by means of four methodological procedures, using a Shannon trap and Nasci aspirator in bromelias and larvitraps between February 2013 and February 2014. A total of 8,299 individuals were collected and identified morphologically using identification keys. The following distribution was obtained: 7,677 adult mosquitoes collected in the Shannon trap; 397 mosquitoes captured by the Nasci aspirator; and 93 and 132 immature mosquitoes in larvitraps and bromelias respectively. Nine genera of culicids were found with 19 species and three genera without species identification. The present study is relevant for being the first conducted at the site, with the occurrence of species in Rio Grande do Norte state; for adding knowledge about both the ecology of culicids and taxa with medical importance in other parts of the country. Furthermore, it highlights the need for conservation of the Atlantic Forest fragment and analyses regarding urbanization of areas surrounding the conservation unit, considering the potential presence of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and consequent spread of pathogens with an impact on public health.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IslandiaBCT.pdf: 1724608 bytes, checksum: 0358105601b211e4358ab4f0babc8526 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / That work looked for to point out the different conceptions on the family agriculture and the established self-consumption practices inside the unit of production. Hypothesis: due to the conditions, more and more restricted of producing for the self-consumption, the rural families are more favorable present her situation of alimentary insecurity as severe as for the urban families, unlike what he/she defends. The research was accomplished in three states of the Northeast: Para?ba; Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. The results revealed that among the main factors that expose those families to situations of constant alimentary vulnerability are had: the low quality of the alimentary consumption in what concerns the readiness, to the diversification and mainly, to the accessibility. The analyses can be to subsidize a reflection concerning the alimentary pattern of families rural front to the precepts of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) politics / Esse trabalho buscou salientar as diferentes concep??es sobre a agricultura familiar e as pr?ticas de autoconsumo estabelecidas no interior da unidade de produ??o. Hip?tese: devido ?s condi??es, cada vez mais restritas de produzir para o autoconsumo, as fam?lias rurais est?o mais propicias a apresentarem situa??o de inseguran?a alimentar t?o severas quanto ?s fam?lias urbanas, ao contr?rio do que se defende. A pesquisa foi realizada em tr?s estados do Nordeste: Para?ba; Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe. Os resultados revelaram que dentre os principais fatores que exp?em essas fam?lias a situa??es de constante vulnerabilidade alimentar t?m-se: a baixa qualidade do consumo alimentar no que diz respeito ? disponibilidade, ? diversifica??o e principalmente, ? acessibilidade. As an?lises podem servir para subsidiar uma reflex?o acerca do padr?o alimentar de fam?lias rurais frente aos preceitos da pol?tica de Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional(SAN)

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T22:37:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoEmersonDeCarvalhoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 1745487 bytes, checksum: 4aeebd246004c5753e5b2f946963212b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-17T21:08:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoEmersonDeCarvalhoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 1745487 bytes, checksum: 4aeebd246004c5753e5b2f946963212b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T21:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianoEmersonDeCarvalhoSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 1745487 bytes, checksum: 4aeebd246004c5753e5b2f946963212b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Do final do s?culo XIX as primeiras tr?s d?cadas do s?culo XX, o Sert?o do m?dio Paje? pernambucano e principalmente o munic?pio de Serra Talhada (Vila Bela), se transformaram em palco de uma guerra quase que secular entre as fam?lias Pereira e Carvalho. A ostenta??o de sangues e bras?es em Vila Bela, acabou por contribuir para um processo de espacializa??o das rela??es de poder entre uma lideran?a rural, no caso dos Pereiras, e uma lideran?a urbana, os Carvalhos. Campo e Cidade se configuraram como territ?rios de conquista e manuten??o de poder. O objetivo deste trabalho ? analisar os conceitos te?rico-metodol?gicos de poder e espacializa??o, al?m de territ?rio como categoria espacial fundamental para compreender o conflito entre as Fam?lias Pereira e Carvalho no munic?pio de Vila Bela, atual Serra Talhada, como um epis?dio hist?rico de espacializa??o das rela??es de poder no Brasil do in?cio do s?culo XX. / The end of the nineteenth century the first three decades of the twentieth century, the average Hinterland Pernambuco Paje? and especially the city of Serra Talhada (Vila Bela), became the scene of a war very old between Pereira and Carvalho families. The bloods of ostentation and coats in Vila Bela, eventually contribute to a spatial process of power relations between a rural leadership, in the case of Pereiras, and an urban leadership, the Carvalhos. City field and took shape as conquest of territories and maintaining power. The objective of this study is to analyze the theoretical and methodological concepts of power and spatial as well as territory as a fundamental spatial category to understand the conflict between the Families Pereira and Carvalho in the municipality of Vila Bela, current Serra Talhada, as a historical episode of spatial power relations in Brazil of the early twentieth century.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-10T00:23:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoGuilhermeCoelho_TESE.pdf: 2617180 bytes, checksum: 61e2fd661b35f4b903e89e8658320d7f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-13T19:22:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoGuilhermeCoelho_TESE.pdf: 2617180 bytes, checksum: 61e2fd661b35f4b903e89e8658320d7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDaConceicaoGuilhermeCoelho_TESE.pdf: 2617180 bytes, checksum: 61e2fd661b35f4b903e89e8658320d7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26 / O presente trabalho tem como escopo a an?lise da presen?a da justi?a, personificado nos ju?zes de ?rf?os, no incentivo, orienta??o e guarda dos menores herdeiros da Povoa??o de Currais Novos, do Serid? norte-riograndense, principalmente no que tange ? educa??o no s?culo XIX. Busca-se a abrang?ncia e significado da atua??o dos ju?zes na educa??o e de suas pr?ticas, considerando que tal figura tinha um poder que ia al?m de sua fun??o meramente, mas exercia um papel pol?tico, responsabilizando-se pela guarda e prote??o dos bens deixados pelas fam?lias do per?odo Imperial. O estudo debru?a-se sobre o conjunto de documentos cartoriais, invent?rios, partilhas, auto de contas e despachos, pertencente ao F?rum da Comarca de Currais Novos, no per?odo compreendido entre os anos de 1822 a 1829. Por fim, a conclus?o demonstra como os ju?zes controlavam a educa??o dos ?rf?os, atrav?s dos tutores, e utilizavam-se, para tal fim, dos autos de conta como um mecanismo processual e documental de sua atividade jurisdicional. / This work has the objective to analyze the presence of justice, embodied in the orphans of judges, the encouragement, guidance and custody of minor heirs of the Village of Currais Novos, the area called Serid? of Rio Grande do Norte, especially with regard to education in the century XIX. Aims the meaning of the performance of judges in education and their practices, whereas this figure had a power that went beyond its mere function, but played a political role, taking responsibility for guarding and protection of property left by families of the Imperial period. The study focuses on the set of notary offices documents, inventories, sharing, self accounts and orders, belonging to the District of Currais Novos Forum in the period between the years 1822 to 1829. Finally, the conclusion demonstrates how Judges controlled the education of orphans, through tutors, and it is used for this purpose, the account acts as a procedural mechanism and documentary of its judicial activity.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T17:46:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T17:46:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T17:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_CAMILA_CAMARGO_DE_SOUZA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3948791 bytes, checksum: c827f34181e47b84d2dc6c25fa596df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832?with 206 currently recognized species?is the least studied order within Amphibia. The phylogenetic relationships among its members have been historically unstable, with frequent taxonomic changes at the family level due to the recurrent presence of paraphyletic taxa. However, an increase of studies based on morphological and molecular data has built a scaffold of information about the evolutionary relationships among caecilians; even though, a phylogenetic classification of the order has remained a challenge. In 2011 a new taxonomy of Gymnophiona was proposed, where genera were arranged in nine families supposedly monophyletic. This taxonomy was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but on a consensus of the understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the group as inferred by previous studies. However, important conflicts exits among the results and type of analyses performed on these studies. Furthermore, only one study has included the known fossil taxon of Gymnophiona, which despite being fragmented is a valid source of evidence. Due to several and continuous efforts to generate data on caecilians, there is a wealth of hereditary characters available for phylogenetic studies. Thus, it has become crucial to perform a combined analysis of all these data (complete mitochondrial genomes, nuclear DNA sequences, phenotypic characters of extant and fossil taxa) to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis that maximizes explanatory power. The objective of this study is to infer the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona based on a total evidence analysis using parsimony and dynamic homology to evaluate the current taxonomy of the group. Additionally, we also evaluate the effect of different types of alignment (tree versus similarity approaches), the influence of phenotypic characters on a dataset dominated by molecular characters, and the effect of coding indels as missing data. We compiled previously published phenotypic characters, DNA sequences available from GenBank of 47 nuclear and mitochondrial genes of all available taxa, and produced 42 new sequences. When comparing the results obtained from the tree-alignment analysis in POY with those of the similarity alignment in TNT, both recover Rhinatrematidae as sister of Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Within Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops is paraphyletic in all analyses and the relationships within Ichthyophis are unsolved (a polytomy in the strict consensus). POY does not recovered Scolecomorphidae as the sister taxon of all other Teresomata but Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia is paraphyletic with respect to Oscaecilia and Typhlonectes in relationship to Potamotyphlus. Scolecomorphidae is sister of Herpelidae + Chikilidae. The results of TNT recover a paraphyletic Herpelidae, with Herpele squalostoma sister of Chikilidae. Also, Siphonopidae is non-monophyletic. Indotyphlidae is non-monophyletic in both analyses and Idiocranium is consistently recovered as sister taxon of Dermophiidae. Dermophis is recovered as paraphyletic in the POY analysis, while both Dermophis and Gymnopis are paraphyletic in the TNT analysis. The strict consensus of the molecular dataset is highly congruous with that of the total evidence dataset; however, the former is better resolved (less polytomies), mainly within Indotyphlidae. The analysis of the phenotypic data alone resulted in a complete polytomy, illustrating the need of more research in this avenue. Coding indels as missing data did not cause important topological changes. The main conclusions derived from this study are: (i) the type of alignment of DNA sequences have an evident impact on the phylogenetic hypotheses of Gymnophiona; (ii) the apparent resolution on the evolutionary relationships of the extant supraspecific taxa of Gymnophiona and their monophyly presented in other studies are dependent on the exclusion of relevant evidence?taxa and characters?or the partial presentation of the optimal hypotheses; (iii) only a total evidence analysis allowed us to discover some of the potential cases of paraphyly or misidentification of vouchers; (iv) the phenotypic data currently used in the study of the evolutionary relationships of Gymnophiona contain important levels of non-congruent information and are not sufficient to place the fossil Eocaecilia micropodia within caecilians. This study reveals the need of detailed revision of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Gymnophiona. / Gymnophiona M?ller, 1832 ? a ordem menos estudada dentro de Amphibia, com 206 esp?cies conhecidas. As rela??es filogen?ticas do grupo permaneceram inst?veis por muito tempo, sofrendo com mudan?as no n?mero de fam?lias, devido ? constante presen?a de t?xons parafil?ticos. Uma crescente de estudos com produ??o de evid?ncias moleculares e morfol?gicas tem formado um arcabou?o de informa??es sobre as rela??es evolutivas do grupo. Mesmo assim, uma classifica??o filogen?tica de toda a ordem n?o representava uma tarefa f?cil. Em 2011, foi proposta uma classifica??o ao n?vel de fam?lia, onde os g?neros foram distribu?dos em nove fam?lias supostamente monofil?ticas. Essa proposta n?o foi baseada em uma an?lise filogen?tica, mas sim em um consenso do entendimento das rela??es filogen?ticas inferidas em estudos pr?vios, sendo muitos deles discordantes, tanto em tipos de an?lises, quanto em resultados. Apenas um estudo incluiu um t?xon f?ssil, que apesar de ser pouco representativo em quantidade, representa uma fonte v?lida de evid?ncia. Devido ao grande esfor?o para gerar dados e obter informa??es acerca dos Gymnophiona, existem in?meros caracteres heredit?rios dispon?veis. Dessa forma, percebe-se uma import?ncia em unir todos esses dados (genomas mitocondriais completos, sequ?ncias de genes nucleares, caracteres fenot?picos dos t?xons viventes e f?ssil) para compor uma nova proposta filogen?tica com o maior poder explicativo. Assim, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi inferir as rela??es evolutivas da ordem Gymnophiona em um contexto de evid?ncia total, sob an?lises de parcim?nia e homologia din?mica e avaliar a taxonomia atual de Gymnophiona com base na(s) ?rvore(s) mais parcimoniosa(s). Adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de alinhamento, a influ?ncia de caracteres fenot?picos em um dataset dominado por dados gen?ticos e o efeito de codificar os indels como dados faltantes. Para isso foram compilados caracteres morfol?gicos de estudos pr?vios, sequ?ncias dispon?veis no GenBank, referentes a 47 genes (nucleares e mitocondriais) de todas as esp?cies dispon?veis, al?m da produ??o de 42 novas sequ?ncias. Comparando os resultados gerados a partir do alinhamento por ?rvore (POY) e do alinhamento por similaridade (TNT) encontramos Rhinatrematidae como grupo-irm?o de Ichthyophiidae + Teresomata. Dentro de Rhinatrematidae, Epicrionops foi recuperado parafil?tico em todas as an?lises e as rela??es dentro de Ichthyophiidae s?o uma politomia. A an?lise do POY n?o recupera Scolecomorphidae como t?xon-irm?o dos demais Teresomata, e sim Typhlonectidae + Caeciliidae. Caecilia ? parafil?tica a Oscaecilia, assim como Typhlonectes com rela??o a Potamotyphlus. Na an?lise via TNT, Herpelidae foi recuperada parafil?tica, com Herpele squalostoma agrupado com Chikilidae. Na an?lise do TNT, Siphonopidae n?o foi recuperada monofil?tica. A fam?lia Indotyphlidae foi n?o-monofil?tica em ambas as an?lises e Idiocranium foi recuperado como o t?xon-irm?o de Dermophiidae. Dermophis surge parafil?tico na an?lise do POY, enquanto que pelo TNT tanto Dermophis quanto Gymnopis surgen parafil?ticos. A topologia da ?rvore constru?da apenas com sequ?ncias de DNA, mostrou-se altamente semelhante ao consenso gerado pelo TNT, embora com alguns poucos clados melhor resolvidos, principalmente em Indotyphlidae. J? a an?lise unicamente morfol?gica restringiu-se a uma politomia total, o que pode ser justificado pela falta de caracteres morfol?gicos ?teis, e que tamb?m pode ser um reflexo da falta de conhecimento acerca deste tipo de evid?ncia. Quanto ? codifica??o de indels como quinto estado ou como dados faltantes, n?o foi observada vantagem sobre nenhum dos testes em rela??o ? topologia do consenso estrito. As principais conclus?es derivadas dos resultados obtidos s?o: (i) o tipo de alinhamento das sequ?ncias de DNA tem um impacto evidente nas hip?teses filogen?ticas; (ii) a aparente resolu??o da hist?ria evolutiva dos atuais t?xons supraespec?ficos de Gymnophiona e sua monofilia, apresentada em outros estudos, dependem da exclus?o de evid?ncia relevante das an?lises ou da apresenta??o parcial das hip?teses ?timas; (iii) s? a an?lise de evid?ncia total permitiu descobrir casos potenciais de parafilia ou identifica??o errada de terminais; (iv) os dados fenot?picos atualmente usados no estudo das rela??es evolutivas de Gymnophiona t?m altos n?veis de informa??o n?o congruente e n?o s?o suficentes para a inclus?o do t?xon f?ssil Eocaecilia micropodia dentro de Gymnophiona. O presente estudo revela a necessidade de uma revis?o detalhada da taxonomia e filogen?tica de Gymnophiona.

Submitted by PPG Comunica??o Social (famecos-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T20:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE_FEIJ?_BIANCHINI_TES.pdf: 2741836 bytes, checksum: 77ce38a00f6fdec9041685f9b829ddc6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-22T14:48:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE_FEIJ?_BIANCHINI_TES.pdf: 2741836 bytes, checksum: 77ce38a00f6fdec9041685f9b829ddc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T15:06:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE_FEIJ?_BIANCHINI_TES.pdf: 2741836 bytes, checksum: 77ce38a00f6fdec9041685f9b829ddc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present thesis is an empirical qualitative research, with ethnographic inspirations, that seeks to understand how the communication of families with members living geographically separated from each other occurs. From the observation of the uses and appropriations of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), it aims to understand how these families have appropriated communicational tools to manage the distances ? in the broadest sense ? and the bonds among its members. Given the possibilities offered by digital technologies, we evidence that families gain new space and new resources for the management of their affective bonds. Thus, we seek to understand how this space has been configured; what resources and strategies are used and how these are employed by family members; what are the implications of this communication in a context of intensification of domestic daily life in relation to distance and how this articulates with the spaces of face-to-face and digital conviviality. For this, categories of analysis were consolidated throughout the empirical research and proposed for the observation of the object in its light. These categories ? patterns of interaction, processes of appropriation of ICTs, processes of socialization and processes of signification and resignification ? helped to understand the individual and family trajectories that made their members reach a common place of communication, that is, with which the dynamics of family communication occurred in certain ways, consistent with their historicalbiographical trajectories. In a context of intensification of the familiar everyday life provided by digital technologies, families without borders have communication as fundamental to their contemporary practices of intimacy, significantly reducing the relevance of the physical space for the operation and management of the domestic sphere. / A presente tese constitui-se em uma pesquisa qualitativa emp?rica, com inspira??es etnogr?ficas, que busca compreender como se d? a comunica??o de fam?lias com integrantes que vivem geograficamente apartados entre si. A partir da observa??o dos usos e apropria??es de Tecnologias de Informa??o e Comunica??o (TICs), visa entender como tais fam?lias t?m se apropriado de ferramentas comunicacionais para gerenciar as dist?ncias ? em seu sentido mais amplo ? e os v?nculos entre seus membros. Diante das possibilidades oferecidas pelas tecnologias digitais, evidenciamos que as fam?lias ganham um novo espa?o e novos recursos para o gerenciamento de seus la?os afetivos. Assim, buscamos compreender como tem se configurado este espa?o; que recursos e estrat?gias s?o utilizados e como esses s?o empregados pelos membros da fam?lia; quais as implica??es dessa comunica??o em um contexto de intensifica??o do cotidiano dom?stico em rela??es ? dist?ncia e como este articula-se com os espa?os de conv?vio presencial e digital. Para isso, categorias de an?lise foram consolidadas ao longo da pesquisa emp?rica e propostas para a observa??o do objeto ? sua luz. Tais categorias ? padr?es de intera??o, processos de apropria??o das TICs, processos de socializa??o e processos de significa??o e ressignifica??o ? auxiliaram na compreens?o das trajet?rias individuais e familiares que fizeram com que seus membros chegassem a um lugar comum de comunica??o, ou seja, com que as din?micas de comunica??o familiar ocorressem de determinadas formas, coerentes com suas trajet?rias hist?rico-biogr?ficas. Em um contexto de intensifica??o do cotidiano familiar propiciado pelas tecnologias digitais, as fam?lias sem fronteiras t?m a comunica??o como fundamental para suas pr?ticas contempor?neas de intimidade, diminuindo significativamente a relev?ncia do espa?o f?sico para o gerenciamento e o funcionamento de sua esfera dom?stico.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-09-01T14:06:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_TAIZ_LEONOR_LOPES_SIMAO_PARCIAL.pdf: 2732878 bytes, checksum: 08260c799afa4ff20f3fbc3bb9d891dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T14:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_TAIZ_LEONOR_LOPES_SIMAO_PARCIAL.pdf: 2732878 bytes, checksum: 08260c799afa4ff20f3fbc3bb9d891dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This project applied the DNA metabarcoding technique, which consists of a large-scale identification of the biodiversity present in a given community (through the total DNA sequencing without the need for isolation and laboratory cultivation) in two underexplored Brazilian environments with high biological diversity. The first is a typical Neotropical microenvironment, called bromeliad phytotelm, which is formed by the accumulation of water and debris among the leaves of these plants. The bromeliads investigated in this study were sampled in areas of dense ombrophilus forest and mixed ombrophilus forest in southern Brazil (located at the ?Pro-Mata? Research Center), and belonged to the species Aechmea gamosepala Wittmack, Vriesea friburgensis Mez and Vriesea platynema Gaud. The collection comprised multiple individuals per species and also multiple samples (different tanks) from the same individual, making it possible to assess the complexity of the variation in these communities. The second environment consists of marine sediments collected in the Rio Grande Cone (located in southeastern Brazil, in the offshore portion of the Pelotas Basin), at depths of down to 18 meters below the seafloor. The samples originated from four different areas, with different geochemical characteristics and strong indications of the presence of chemosynthetic communities. This study demonstrated the presence of high biodiversity in both environments. We identified 30 prokaryotic phyla and 67 eukaryotic phyla in bromeliad phytotelmata, which seem to include both endemic organisms of this peculiar environment and organisms with ubiquitous distribution, common in freshwater or soil habitats. An interesting feature is that, in some cases, samples from different tanks of the same individual are more similar to tanks of other individuals (and even from other species) than between them. Thus, our results suggest that each bromeliad tank acts as an isolated body of water, where the effects of predation, competition and stochastic events such as wind-borne particles, fecal pellets and liquid excretions of terrestrial animals, dead leaves and animals can largely drive the community composition. Concerning the marine sediments, we observed the presence of 58 prokaryotic phyla, many of which are present in other chemosynthetic communities. Among these organisms were identified anaerobic methanotrophic archaeal groups and their syntrophic partners (sulfate-reducing bacteria), which together form a consortium with a significant role in the anaerobic oxidation of methane, a very important process that controls the emission of this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Statistical analysis performed in both studies sought to describe patterns of diversity of these communities at different spatial scales and to interpret them in the light of current knowledge about these environments. Overall, the results obtained in this thesis reveal in detail the complexity of these communities, opening new ways for further studies focusing on the processes that control their spatio-temporal dynamics. / O presente projeto aplicou a t?cnica de DNA metabarcoding, que visa caracterizar em larga escala a biodiversidade presente em determinada comunidade (atrav?s do sequenciamento do DNA total e sem a necessidade de cultivo ou isolamento), em dois ambientes brasileiros pouco explorados e com grande riqueza de esp?cies. O primeiro ? um microambiente t?pico da regi?o neotropical, denominado fitotelmo de brom?lia, o qual ? formado pelo ac?mulo de ?gua e detritos entre as folhas destas plantas. As brom?lias investigadas neste estudo foram amostradas em ?reas de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa e/ou Mista no sul do Brasil (localizadas no Centro de Pesquisas e Conserva??o da Natureza Pr?-Mata, PUCRS), e pertencem ?s esp?cies Aechmea gamosepala Wittmack, Vriesea friburgensis Mez e Vriesea platynema Gaud. A coleta englobou m?ltiplos indiv?duos por esp?cie e tamb?m m?ltiplas amostras (diferentes cisternas) do mesmo indiv?duo, possibilitando avaliar a complexidade da varia??o nestas comunidades. O segundo ambiente consiste de sedimentos marinhos coletados no Cone de Rio Grande (situado no sudeste do Brasil, na por??o offshore da Bacia de Pelotas), em profundidades de at? 18 metros abaixo do fundo do mar. As amostras s?o provenientes de quatro ?reas distintas, apresentando diferentes caracter?sticas geoqu?micas e fortes ind?cios da presen?a de comunidades quimiossint?ticas. Nossa investiga??o observou grande diversidade biol?gica em ambos os ambientes. Foram identificados 30 filos de procariotos e 67 filos de eucariotos nos fitotelmos de brom?lia, os quais parecem compreender tanto organismos end?micos deste ambiente peculiar como organismos com distribui??o cosmopolita, comuns em habitats de ?gua doce ou solo. Uma caracter?stica interessante ? que, em alguns casos, amostras provenientes de diferentes cisternas do mesmo indiv?duo s?o mais semelhantes a cisternas de outros indiv?duos (e mesmo de outras esp?cies) do que entre si. Desta forma, nossos resultados indicam que cada cisterna atua como um corpo d??gua isolado, onde os efeitos de preda??o, competi??o e eventos estoc?sticos como part?culas carregadas pelo vento, restos de folhas ou animais mortos, bem como excre??es de animais, podem interferir fortemente na composi??o espec?fica da comunidade local. Em rela??o aos sedimentos marinhos, observamos a presen?a de 58 filos procari?ticos, os quais compreendem diversos t?xons j? caracterizados em outras comunidades quimiossint?ticas marinhas. Entre estes organismos, foram identificadas arqueas metanotr?ficas e seus parceiros sintr?ficos (bact?rias redutoras de sulfato), que juntos formam um cons?rcio cujo papel ? fundamental na oxida??o anaer?bica do metano, um importante processo que controla a emiss?o deste g?s de efeito estufa para a atmosfera. An?lises estat?sticas realizadas em ambos os estudos buscaram descrever padr?es de diversidade destas comunidades em diferentes escalas espaciais, bem como interpret?-los ? luz do conhecimento atual sobre estes ambientes. De forma geral, os resultados obtidos nesta tese revelam em detalhe a complexidade destas comunidades, e abrem caminho para estudos mais aprofundados dos processos que controlam sua din?mica espa?o-temporal.