Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1965.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1985.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of British Columbia, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-37).

Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Ligament; ACL; Collagen; Fibrin; Microthread; Fiber; Thread; FGF-2; Fibroblast; Tissue regeneration; Tissue engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Le poignet, complexe articulaire situé entre l'avant-bras et la main, est sujet aux traumatismes. Par exemple, une chute sur le poignet suite à la pratique d'un sport de glisse ou tout simplement dans un accident de la vie quotidienne peut entraîner une lésion du ligament scapho-lunaire. Cette lésion, difficile à diagnostiquer sur une simple radiographie, évolue toujours vers l'arthrose du poignet. Si le diagnostic est fait pendant la phase aigue, proche du traumatisme, la réparation du ligament ou des techniques conservatrices sur parties molles sont possibles. Si la lésion n'est pas détectée à temps, celle-ci engendre une instabilité du carpe évoluant vers l'arthrose.. A ce stade, des techniques plus radicales incluant des arthrodèses partielles ou totales sont bien connues. Cependant, ces techniques de fusion des os engendrent une perte conséquente de mobilité du poignet. L'objectif de la thèse est de définir une méthode de conception et le dimensionnement d'un implant dont le but est de rétablir la cinématique du carpe après une lésion ligamentaire. Ce dispositif devra remplacer la partie dorsale du ligament scapho-lunaire lorsque celui-ci n'est plus réparable et avant apparition de l'arthrose. / ScaphoLunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) lesion can occur when falling on an outstretched, pronated hand and lead to carpal instability. If SLIL tears are detected early, the ligament can be repaired. However, if the ligament is left untreated, SLIL instability can evolve into carpal arthritis called ScaphoLunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC). Well-known SLAC treatments include arthrodeses. These techniques modify the carpal kinematics and involve a range of motion (ROM) loss. Different prostheses are proposed for patients with arthritis. However, these prostheses do not make an acceptable compromise between the ROM allowed and their mechanical strength. This thesis presents an implant to replace the dorsal part of SLIL when the ligament is not repairable and before the apparition of SLAC. The implant must restore normal kinematics and the mechanical behavior of the carpus. Each step of its design is presented. Kinematic constraints of the implant were derived from measured bone displacements. Using a 3D best-fit method, their mean values and uncertainties were determined. The mechanical behavior of the implant was defined by SLIL stiffness and elongation. Strain energy of the native ligament was a characteristic relevant to the implant behavior design. Surgical and anatomical constraints lead to a small amount of space availaible; hence, the design was driven by strain energy distribution. Using an material capability index, the choice of suitable material is discussed. Finally, the implant design and its method are presented, which satisfy all previous constraints. FEA of the most critical case of kinematic constraints was performed to validate the proposed implant design.

Although mechanical alterations to pelvic floor ligaments, such as the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments, are one contributing factor to the development and progression of pelvic floor disorders, very little research has examined their mechanical properties. In this study, the first biaxial elastic and viscoelastic tests were performed on uterosacral and cardinal ligament complexes harvested from adult female swine. Biaxial elastic testing revealed that the ligaments undergo large strains and are anisotropic. The direction normal to the upper vagina was typically stiffer than the transverse direction. Stress relaxation tests showed that the relaxation was the same in both directions, and that more relaxation occurred when the tissue was stretched to lower initial strains. In order to describe the experimental findings, a three-dimensional constitutive model based on the Pipkin-Rogers integral series was formulated and the parameters of such model were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. In formulating the model, it was assumed that the tissues consist of a ground substance with two embedded families of fibers oriented in two directions and that the ligaments are incompressible. The model accounts for finite strains, anisotropy, and strain-dependent stress relaxation behavior. This study provides information about the mechanical behavior of female pelvic floor ligaments, which should be considered in the development of new treatment methods for pelvic floor disorders. / Master of Science

No description available.

ACL injuries are ubiquitous and the literature surrounding ACL reconstructions is complex and difficult to comprehend. In summary, this paper provides a simple yet coherent overview of ACL injuries. Etiology, prevention, and the consequences of injury are discussed. The paper examines literature surrounding the decision to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. An overwhelming quantity of literature is in favor of an ACL reconstruction in order to maintain an active lifestyle. ACL surgery has advanced exponentially in recent years and there is a multitude of fixation and tunneling methods. Graft choice for an ACL reconstruction is also complicated and multifactorial. In general, three types of grafts exist: autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts. Autografts usually include the hamstring tendon (HT) and patella tendon (BTB), however, recent studies suggest the quadricep tendon (QT) may be a suitable graft. The BTB is often considered the “gold standard” due to its strength and stability. On the other hand, the HT is often used as it is less invasive and is associated with less antero-patellar knee pain. Common allografts include the patella tendon, Achilles tendon, and tibialis muscle group. Despite a higher cost, allografts are usually used in revision surgeries and leave patients with less donor-site morbidity. Lastly, synthetic grafts are growing in popularity, especially the LARS procedure, however, more research is needed. Lastly, this paper attempts to consolidate literature surrounding the QT graft. Only one meta-analysis focusing on the QT has been published, however, the last meta-analysis is from three years ago and several new studies have been published since. The recent literature suggests the QT is a viable option in terms of stability and functional outcomes. Specifically, when comparing the QT to BTB and HT, the QT grades similarity in KT-1000 scores, a common measure of knee laxity and stability. Additionally, IKDC scores, frequently used to assess functionality, show positive results. More literature is needed to fully understand the QT; however, preliminary research indicates the QT can be an esteemed option in ACL reconstruction surgery.

Bibliography: leaves 110-120. Reports immunohistochemical investigations into the biological response to the application of an orthodontic force to the buccal segment teeth of marmosets.