An important aspect of restoration ecology is the removal of non-native invasive plants. While restorations in urban areas involve similar challenges to restorations in rural areas, urban efforts also contend with unique issues such as increased fragmentation and decreased seed sources for native species. This study examined efforts to eradicate Ligustrum sinense and allow native vegetation to occupy the landscape. The herbaceous layer was inventoried at study plots in riparian bottomlands of four Atlanta, Georgia, natural areas two years after start of treatment to remove L. sinense. Plant taxa were described and compared to a similar study conducted in a rural area of northeastern Georgia. Significant abundance of L. sinense was recurring at urban sites while recurrence at rural sites was low. Other non-native invasive species, frequently used in urban landscaping, were also occurring at urban sites and not at rural sites.

This thesis deals with the influence lenght of storage to rooting softwood cuttings on the chosen of ornamental woody species. The test was made on Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. and Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. 'Dart's Red'. The test was being held in two dates, 17.6.2014 and 30.7.2014. For treatment of the cutting have been used 4 variants. The cuttings from first variant were planted immediately (the control), others variants were stored before planting for 12, 24 and 48 hours at 2 -- 5 °C.

Content: The use of vegetable tanning agents alone for pre-tanning as an alternative to synthetic or chromiumcontaining tanning agents is one way of improving sustainability and ecology in leather production. In recent years, a new group of secondary plant compounds, the iridoids or secoiridoids, has been discovered for use as tanning agents. Due to their molecular structure, these substances probably have a reaction mechanism similar to glutaraldehyde, which means that known disadvantages of conventional vegetable tanning such as long process times or weak interactions can be avoided. Currently, a tanning agent from olive leaves with cross-linking active substances deriving from the secoiridoid Oleuropein is commercially available. In order to extend the product range of alternative vegetable tanning agents with covalent cross-linking mechanism by native raw material, we screened a number of further plants for such crosslinking active substances in a preceding project. Extracts from privet leaves showed a particularly high crosslinking activity. Privet belongs to the Oleacea family and is common in Asia with several species. In Europe, the species Ligustrum vulgare can be found everywhere, especially as a hedge plant. In addition to Oleuropein, the privet extracts contain a high proportion of the secoiridoid Ligustraloside A. The secoiridoids are deglycosylated during extraction and thus converted into an activated state. The analytical determination of the active secoiridoid degradation products is not yet possible, so that the quantitative determination of the tannin content is made more difficult. Here, we aimed to develop a technology for the production of leather that is exclusively pre- tanned with privet tanning agents. The development includes the production, characterization and optimization of the plant extracts, the development of the pre-tanning technology and the adaptation of the wet end for the corresponding application areas. The leathers which have been manufactured show high shrinkage temperature and good mechanical properties. They show an inherent coloring, but seem to be suitable for use in automotive interiors, as a comparison of the test results with the technical delivery conditions of automobile manufacturers shows. Take-Away: With a new tanning agent from a native widespread plant, leather of good quality can be produced.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-11-23T17:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Leonardo Boldo_.pdf: 23727744 bytes, checksum: b76b1c83d919f5fca18fe260c647abcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-23T17:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elton Leonardo Boldo_.pdf: 23727744 bytes, checksum: b76b1c83d919f5fca18fe260c647abcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Nenhuma / Definir técnicas com acurácia para mapear a ocorrência de espécies invasoras facilita a compreensão de sua ocorrência, dominância e habitats preferenciais. Produzir mapas detalhados com ferramentas associadas em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas – SIG pode auxiliar e diminuir o tempo de trabalho para mapear e apontar a tomada de decisões com vistas a elaboração de estudos, dinâmicas de ocorrência e políticas de controle de espécies invasoras. O objetivo principal do estudo é mapear a distribuição espacial de L. lucidum na região serrana no sul do Bioma Mata Atlântica, em diferentes escalas espaciais. De forma específica pretende-se (i) avaliar mapeamentos de manchas de invasão obtidas a partir de imagens multiespectrais dos satélites Geoeye (pixel de 0,25m2) e Landsat 5 TM (pixel de 900m2), quanto à acurácia da classificação, área total invadida, tamanho e número de manchas; e se aplicável, (ii) determinar a ocorrência potencial da espécie para uma área mais ampla, a partir de imagens Landsat 5 TM. Aplicou-se técnicas de classificação supervisionada para o uso do solo e para a ocorrência da espécie invasora determinou-se o NDVI, a classificação dos pixels pelo método Spectral Angle Mapper (S.A.M) e a acurácia pelo índice kappa. A classificação com imagem do Geoeye apresentou uma ocorrência de 239.60 ha e um índice kappa de 0.86, onde a maior área ocupada correspondeu a manchas entre 1 e 100m². Já o uso de imagens do Landsat 5TM apresentou na sua classificação final uma área de 219.06ha de ocorrência da espécie e um índice kappa de 0.74, onde a maior área ocupada correspondeu a manchas maiores de 15.000m². Para aferir a acurácia da imagem de baixa resolução espacial utilizou-se os pontos de controle da imagem do Geoeye, obtendo um índice kappa de 0.38. Pelo modelo acurado gerou-se um modelo de ocorrência potencial para uma região de 341km², obtendo uma área de 16.379ha da espécie e uma ocorrência de 9.74% do L. lucidum em relação as áreas florestais. A espécie possui ocorrência confirmada e representativa na área e em curto espaço de tempo poderá se tornar uma ameaça ao ecossistema florestal da Serra Gaúcha, alcançando percentuais de invasão que não possibilitem sua erradicação. Devido a ocorrência em ampla escala do L. lucidum como invasor, o controle só pode ser possível em fases iniciais do processo, sendo economicamente restritiva e ecologicamente inviável em etapas avançadas. / Set techniques to accurately map the occurrence of invasive species facilitates the understanding of its occurrence, dominance and preferred habitats. Produce detailed maps with associated tools in a Geographic Information System - GIS can help and reduce working time to map and point out the decision-making with a view to preparing studies, dynamics of occurrence and governance control of invasive species. The main objective of the study is to map the spatial distribution of L. lucidum in the mountainous region in the south of the Atlantic Forest biome, at different spatial scales. Specifically intended to (i) evaluate mappings invasion spots obtained from multispectral satellite images of Geoeye (pixel 0,25m²) and Landsat 5 TM (pixel 900m²), as to the accuracy of classification, total área invaded , size and number of spots; and if applicable, (ii) determining the potential for occurrence in a wider area, from 5 Landsat TM images. It applied supervised classification techniques for land use and the occurrence of invasive species determined the NDVI, the classification of pixels by Spectral Angle Mapper Method (SAM) and the accuracy of the kappa index. The classification Geoeye image showed an occurrence of 239.60 ha and a kappa index of 0.86, where the highest occupied area corresponded to spots between 1 and 100 m². Already using Landsat 5TM images presented in their final classification of an área 219.06ha of occurrence of the species, and a kappa index of 0.74, where the highest occupied area corresponding to larger spots 15.000m². To assess the accuracy of the low spatial resolution image used to the control points of Geoeye image, getting a kappa index 0.38. By accurate model was generated a potential occurrence model for a region of 341km², obtaining an area of 16.379ha the species and occurrence of 9.74% of L. lucidum over forest areas. The species has confirmed and representative occurrence in the area and in short time can become a threat to the forest ecosystem of Serra Gaucha, reaching invasion percentages which do not lend its eradication. Due to occur on a large scale of L. lucidum as an intruder, the control can only be possible in the early stages of the process, being economically and ecologically feasible restrictive in advanced stages.

Invasive species are the second-leading cause of the decline of native species, making it a critical global environmental issue (Pimentel 2005). The goal of this study was to identify which non-native invasive plant species are common in eastern Travis County and which environmental factors associate with their establishment and spread in this area. Five parks and preserves were sampled, as they are intended for the conservation of native species and are more accessible for educational use. Six of the 15 species searched for, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lactuca serriola, Ligustrum lucidum, Lonicera japonica, Melia azedarach, and Sorghum halepense, were each found in at least one of the five sites. The presences and absences of these species were compared to a suite of ecosystem properties, including habitat, disturbance, the average soil depth, and the horizontal and vertical distances to the nearest pond, lake, stream, or river. None of these six species appears to need observable recent disturbance. All of these six species, both woody and herbaceous, can tolerate shallow soils. The woody invasive species Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach seem to prefer more mesic habitats. The invasive grass species Bothriochloa ischaemum and Sorghum halepense seem to prefer habitats that are more open. Several invasions of potential conservation concern were identified. / text

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