<p>Opisani&nbsp; su&nbsp; detalji&nbsp; konstrukcije&nbsp; novog&nbsp; izvora&nbsp; plazme, u impulsnom režimu, konstruisanog za&nbsp; potrebe ekscitacija linija berilijuma u&nbsp; prisustvu berilijumske&nbsp; pra&scaron;ine.&nbsp; Konstrukcija&nbsp; izvora&nbsp; je ostvarena&nbsp; na&nbsp; takav&nbsp; način&nbsp; da&nbsp; je&nbsp; sprečeno prodiranje&nbsp; čestica&nbsp; pra&scaron;ine&nbsp; u&nbsp; atmosferu&nbsp; laboratorije.&nbsp; Opisane&nbsp; su&nbsp; dodatne&nbsp; 2&nbsp; cevi&nbsp; za pražnjenje&nbsp; konstruisane&nbsp; od&nbsp; Al2O3 i&nbsp; SiO 2 . Pronađeni&nbsp; su&nbsp; i&nbsp; opisani&nbsp; optimalni&nbsp; uslovi&nbsp; za&nbsp; rad<br />izvora&nbsp; plazme.&nbsp; Vrednosti&nbsp; elektronske&nbsp; koncentracije,&nbsp; određene&nbsp; nakon&nbsp; maksimuma<br />struje,&nbsp; kori&scaron;ćenjem&nbsp; vodonikove&nbsp; balmer&nbsp; beta linije,&nbsp; kreću&nbsp; se&nbsp; u&nbsp; opsegu&nbsp; 1,16-9,2&nbsp; ∙10<br />22&nbsp; m -3 . Elektronska temperatura je određena&nbsp; na&nbsp; osnovu relativnih&nbsp; intenziteta&nbsp; linija&nbsp; dva&nbsp; uzastopna jonizaciona&nbsp; stanja&nbsp; istog&nbsp; elementa&nbsp; i&nbsp; kreće&nbsp; se&nbsp; u opsegu&nbsp; 10&nbsp; 500-15&nbsp; 500&nbsp; K.&nbsp; Prikazane&nbsp; su snimljene&nbsp; linije&nbsp; berilijuma,&nbsp; osim&nbsp; rezonantnih. Dato&nbsp; je&nbsp; poređenje&nbsp; snimljenih&nbsp; linija&nbsp; sa postojećim&nbsp; teorisjkim&nbsp; podacima.&nbsp; Dve&nbsp; linije berilijuma&nbsp; koje&nbsp; se&nbsp; pojavljuju&nbsp; sa&nbsp; zabranjenom komponentom su prikazane prvi put. Pokazano je&nbsp; da&nbsp; postoji&nbsp; tipičan&nbsp; trend&nbsp; zavisnosti&nbsp; odnosa dozvoljene&nbsp; i&nbsp; zabranjene&nbsp; komponente,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i rastojanja&nbsp; između&nbsp; položaja&nbsp; maksimuma intenziteta ove dve komponente, od elektronske koncentracije,&nbsp; koji&nbsp; se&nbsp; javlja&nbsp; kod&nbsp; linija&nbsp; sa zabranjenim&nbsp; komponentama,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &scaron;to&nbsp; govori&nbsp; o<br />mogućnosti ove linije za primenu u dijagnostici plazme.</p> / <p>Construction&nbsp; details&nbsp; of&nbsp; new&nbsp; plasma&nbsp; source,&nbsp; running in pulsed regime,&nbsp; for beryllium spectral line&nbsp; studies,&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; presence&nbsp; of&nbsp; beryllium&nbsp; dust particles are presented.&nbsp; The construction of the source&nbsp; was&nbsp; realised&nbsp; in&nbsp; such&nbsp; a&nbsp; way&nbsp; that&nbsp; it prevented&nbsp; the&nbsp; ingress&nbsp; of&nbsp; dust&nbsp; particles&nbsp; into&nbsp; the laboratory&nbsp; atmospher.&nbsp; Construction&nbsp; details&nbsp; and<br />testing&nbsp; of&nbsp; BeO&nbsp; discharge&nbsp; tube&nbsp; in&nbsp; comparison with&nbsp; SiO2 and&nbsp; Al2O3 discharge&nbsp; tubes&nbsp; are&nbsp; presented,&nbsp; also.&nbsp; Optimal&nbsp; conditions&nbsp; for&nbsp; plasma source operation&nbsp; and beryllium line studies are found.&nbsp; The&nbsp; electron&nbsp; density&nbsp; measured&nbsp; after discharge current maximum is determined from&nbsp; the peak separation of the hydrogen Balmer beta<br />spectral&nbsp; line,&nbsp; and&nbsp; the&nbsp; electron&nbsp; temperature&nbsp; is&nbsp; determined&nbsp; from&nbsp; the&nbsp; ratios&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; relative&nbsp; intensities&nbsp; of&nbsp; Be&nbsp; spectral&nbsp; lines&nbsp; emitted&nbsp; from successive&nbsp; ionized&nbsp; stages&nbsp; of&nbsp; atoms.&nbsp; Maximum values&nbsp; of&nbsp; electron&nbsp; density&nbsp; and&nbsp; temperature&nbsp; are measured&nbsp; to&nbsp; be&nbsp; 9.3∙1022 m -3 and&nbsp; 16&nbsp; 800&nbsp; K, respectively.&nbsp; The&nbsp; recorded&nbsp; spectral&nbsp; lines&nbsp; of beryllium,&nbsp; other&nbsp; then&nbsp; resonant&nbsp; lines,&nbsp; are&nbsp; presented. The lines&nbsp; with forbidden component are&nbsp; described&nbsp; for&nbsp; the&nbsp; first&nbsp; time.&nbsp; The&nbsp; functional dependence of the wavelength separation range and&nbsp; peak&nbsp; intensity&nbsp; ratio&nbsp; of&nbsp; these&nbsp; lines&nbsp; upon<br />electron&nbsp; number&nbsp; density&nbsp; suggests&nbsp; the&nbsp; complex profile of the forbidden and allowed line, which can be used for diagnostics of low-temperature beryllium containing plasmas.</p>

<p>У овоj дисертациjи обрађен jе проблем равнотеже засвођених масивних<br />конструкциjа. На основу подробне разраде теориjе потпорне линиjе и<br />концепта конструкциjског афинитета, уведен jе модел афиних сводова.<br />Установљена jе зависност између облика сводних поља и одговараjу-<br />ћих деjстава свода, те jе начињен параметарски модел за проjектовање<br />сложених афиних сводова. Њиме jе обухваћен аутоматизовани прора-<br />чун и графички приказ резултантних деjстава на ослонце, у виду рачу-<br />нарског алата применљивог у проjектовању и савременом обликовању<br />засвођених архитектонских простора. С обзиром на раванске проблеме<br />&ndash; лукове коjи могу бити ободни лукови афиног свода, аналитички jе<br />обрађено чак десет скупина различитих симетричних конвексних лу-<br />кова те jе извршено и одговараjуће нумеричко моделирање.</p> / <p>U ovoj disertaciji obrađen je problem ravnoteže zasvođenih masivnih<br />konstrukcija. Na osnovu podrobne razrade teorije potporne linije i<br />koncepta konstrukcijskog afiniteta, uveden je model afinih svodova.<br />Ustanovljena je zavisnost između oblika svodnih polja i odgovaraju-<br />ćih dejstava svoda, te je načinjen parametarski model za projektovanje<br />složenih afinih svodova. NJime je obuhvaćen automatizovani prora-<br />čun i grafički prikaz rezultantnih dejstava na oslonce, u vidu raču-<br />narskog alata primenljivog u projektovanju i savremenom oblikovanju<br />zasvođenih arhitektonskih prostora. S obzirom na ravanske probleme<br />&ndash; lukove koji mogu biti obodni lukovi afinog svoda, analitički je<br />obrađeno čak deset skupina različitih simetričnih konveksnih lu-<br />kova te je izvršeno i odgovarajuće numeričko modeliranje.</p> / <p>In this dissertation, the problem of the equilibriumof vaulted masonry structures<br />is considered. On the basis of detailed analysis of the thrust line theory and<br />the concept of structural affinity, the model of affine vaults is introduced. The<br />relation between the shape of the vault&rsquo;s bays and the structural action is<br />established, and the parametric model for the design of complex affine vaults<br />is defined. It involves the automated calculation and graphic representation of<br />the resultant loads; thus, the computational tool applicable in the design and<br />contemporary shaping of vaulted architectural spaces is created. Regarding twodimensional<br />problems &ndash; arches which can be peripheral arches of affine vaults,<br />for ten groups of different symmetrical convex arches, the analytical treatment<br />and a corresponding numerical modelling are carried out.</p>

<p>&Scaron;tavelj (Rumex crispus, Polygonaceae) je vi&scaron;egodi&scaron;nja zeljasta biljka, koja predstavlja bogat izvor fenolnih komponenti. Iako se smatra invazivnim korovom, mlado li&scaron;će &scaron;tavelja je jestivo i često se koristi kao salata. Dalje, upotreba plodova &scaron;tavelja opisana je u srpskoj i turskoj narodnoj medicini u lečenju gastrointestinalnih tegoba. Cilj ovog rada bio je procena in vitro i in vivo antioksidantne/prooksidantne i citotoksične aktivnosti, i određivanje eventualnog in vitro antiinflamatornog efekta vodenog ekstrakta ploda Rumex crispus. Ukupan sadržaj flavonoida određen je spektrofotometrijskom metodom. Kvalifikacija i kvantifikacija flavonoida potvrđena je visokoefikasnom tečnom hromatografijom (HPLC). Antioksidantna aktivnost vodenog ekstrakta ploda &scaron;tavelja procenjena je na osnovu in vitro testova: Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), sposobnosti ekstrakta da neutrali&scaron;e slobodne radikale NO&bull;, OH&bull; i DPPH&bull; i uticaja na lipidnu peroksidaciju u lipozomima. Citotoksičnost ispitivanog ekstrakta je određena in vitro na tumorskim ćelijskim linijama: humani karcinom cerviksa (HeLa), adenokarcinom (HT-29) i adenokarcinom dojke (MCF7). Takođe, moguća in vivo hepatoprotektivna i antioksidantna svojstva ekstrakta određena su kod oksidativnog stresa izazvanog CCl4 kod eksperimentalnih životinja. Pored toga, proverena je hipoteza u kojoj testiran ekstrakt pokazuje in vivo antiproliferativnu aktivnost kod Ehrlich-ovih (EAC) i Hepatoma AS30D ćelija, merenjem zapremine ascitesa, procenta vijabilnih ćelija i nivoa nekoliko antioksidantnih enzima. Optimizovan in vitro test za određivanje potencijala inhibicije ciklooksigenaze-1 (COX-1) i 12-lipooksigenaze (12-LOX) preduzet je u svrhu procene antiinflamatornog efekta vodenog ekstrakta ploda R. crispus. HPLC analiza otkrila je da je mikvelianin najdominantniji flavonoidni konstituent ekstrakta. Testirani ekstrakt pokazao je potencijalnu antioksidantnu aktivnost rezultujući velikom moći u neutralizaciji slobodnih radikala, i sposobno&scaron;ću da smanji lipidnu peroksidaciju u lipozomima. Rezultati su ukazali na tkivno-selektivnu citotoksičnost ekstrakta ploda R. crispus in vitro. Najizraženija antitumorska aktivnost primećena je prema HeLa i MCF7 ćelijskim linijama. Podaci sugeri&scaron;u da bi se ispitivani ekstrakt mogao smatrati potencijalnim in vivo hepatoprotektivnim i antioksidantnim agensom, sprečavajući oksidativna o&scaron;tećenja jetre. S druge strane, pomenuti ekstrakt može pokazati in vivo prooksidantna svojstva, uzrokujući oksidativni stres u maligno transformisanim EAC i AS30D ćelijama i smanjujući zapreminu ascitesa i udeo vijabilnih ćelija, u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom. Promene u aktivnosti antioksidantnih enzima su verovatno posledica indukovanog oksidativnog stresa u EAC i AS30D ćelijama, naročito kod pretretiranih životinja. Vodeni ekstrakt ploda &scaron;tavelja pokazao je COX-1, kao i 12-LOX inhibitornu aktivnost, navodeći da bi ispitivani ekstrakt mogao biti antiinflamatorni agens. Vodeni ekstrakt ploda R. crispus ima potencijalnu antioksidantnu, citotoksičnu i antiinflamatornu aktivnost. Ispoljavanje prooksidantnih svojstava predstavlja mogući mehanizam antiproliferativnog efekta ekstrakta.</p> / <p>Curly dock (Rumex crispus, Polygonaceae) is a wild perennial herbaceous plant, which products are described as a rich source of phenolic compounds. Apart from being considered a seriously invasive weed, young leaves of curly dock are edible and often used as salad. Furthermore, the use of its fruits has been described in Serbian and Turkish traditional medicine against stomach complaints. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antioxidant/prooxidant and cytotoxic activities, and to determine an eventual in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of Rumex crispus fruits. Total flavonoid content was determined by spectrophotometric method. Qualification and quantification of flavonoids were confirmed using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extract of curly dock fruits was evaluated for its antioxidant activity by in vitro assays for Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), NO&bull;, OH&bull; and DPPH&bull;-free radical scavenging activities and the influence on lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The cytotoxicity of tested extract was examined in vitro in human cervix carcinoma (HeLa), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7). Also, the potential in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of investigated extract were determined on CCl4-induced oxidative stress in experimental animals. Furthermore, the hypothesis that the examined extract might show in vivo antiproliferative activity in Ehrlich carcinoma (EAC) and Hepatoma AS30D cells was tested by measuring volume of ascites, percentage of viable cells and level of several antioxidant enzymes. The optimized in vitro test for determination of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibition potency was undertaken in order to estimate an anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of R. crispus fruits. HPLC analysis revealed miquelianin as the most abundant flavonoid constituent of the extract. The tested extract might have an antioxidant activity resulting in scavenging of free radicals and ability to decrease lipid peroxidation in liposomes. The results could indicate tissue-selective cytotoxicity of R. crispus fruit extract in vitro. The most prominent antitumor activity was observed towards HeLa and MCF7 cell lines. The data suggested that investigated extract may be considered as potential in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent due to prevention of the liver injuries induced by oxidative damage. On the other hand, mentioned extract could exhibit in vivo prooxidant property, causing the oxidative stress in malignant transformed EAC and AS30D cells and reducing volume of ascites and percentage of viable cells, in comparison with control group. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes might be the results of induced oxidative stress in EAC and AS30D cells, especially in the pretreated animals. The aqueous extract of curly dock fruits showed COX-1, as well as 12-LOX inhibitory activity, suggesting that tested extract might be an anti-inflammatory agent. It could be concluded that aqueous fruit extract of R. crispus might have antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The prooxidant properties of examined extract could be the mechanism of potential antiproliferative effect of extract.</p>