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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Manipulation of Lipid Droplet Biogenesis for Enhanced Lipid Storage in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana

Price, Ann Marie 12 1900 (has links)
In this study, I examined the use of mouse (Mus musculus) Fat Specific Protein 27 (FSP27) ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana as a means to increase lipid droplet (LD) presence in plant tissues. In mammalian cells, this protein induces cytoplasmic LD clustering and fusion and helps prevent breakdown of LDs contributing to the large, single LD that dominates adipocytes. When expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, FSP27 retained its functionality and supported the accumulation of numerous and large cytoplasmic LDs, although it failed to produce the large, single LD that typifies adipose cells. FSP27 has no obvious homologs in plants, but a search for possible distant homologs in Arabidopsis returned a Tudor/PWWP/MBT protein coded for by the gene AT1G80810 which for the purposes of this study, we have called LIPID REGULATORY TUDOR DOMAIN CONTAINING GENE 1 (LRT1). As a possible homolog of FSP27, LRT1 was expected to have a positive regulatory effect on LDs in cells. Instead, a negative regulatory effect was observed in which disruption of the gene induced an accumulation of cytoplasmic LDs in non-seed tissue. A study of lrt1 mutants demonstrated that disruption this gene is the causal factor of the cytoplasmic LD accumulation observed in the mutants, that this phenotype occurs in above ground tissues and is present throughout the early growth stages of the plant. Further examination of lrt1 mutant plants has allowed a preliminary understanding of the role LRT1 may play in LD regulation. Taken together, the results of this study point towards some promising strategies to increase LD content in plant tissues.
2

Rôle du rétromère dans le développement des graines et la croissance des jeunes plantules chez Arabidopsis thaliana / Role of the retromer in seeds and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Thazar-Poulot, Nelcy 07 October 2011 (has links)
Chez les eucaryotes, le rétromère est un complexe protéique composé d’un sous complexe SNX (Sorting Nexin) et d’une sous unité VPS (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) également appelé « core » rétromère. Le rétromère a été décrit comme un complexe régulant le transport des protéines membranaires au niveau de l’endosome. Chez Arabidopsis thaliana, les travaux de notre équipe ont démontré que ce complexe est impliqué dans différents processus développementaux tels que le développement de l’embryon, la maturation des protéines de réserves de la graine et l’initiation des racines secondaires. Dans ce travail, nous avons caractérisé la fonction du rétromère dans le développement des graines et des jeunes plantules d’Arabidopsis thaliana. D’une part, nous avons montré que VPS29 est nécessaire à la mise en place des réserves lipidiques de la graine. Nous avons identifié un nouveau « cargo » du complexe rétromère ; LTP6 (Lipid Transfer Protein 6) dont la perte de fonction engendre des phénotypes liés au métabolisme lipidique similaires à ceux du mutant vps29. Compte tenu de la localisation de LTP6 au niveau d’une structure intracellulaire spongieuse caractéristique du réticulum endoplasmique, le site de synthèse des corps lipidiques, nous supposons que le rétromère participe à la biogenèse des réserves lipidiques via sa fonction dans le trafic de ce nouveau « cargo ». D’autre part, nous avons mis en évidence que le « core » rétromère indépendamment de la sous-unité SNX est impliqué dans la mobilisation des réserves lipidiques, une fonction indispensable pour le développement des jeunes plantules. Nous avons montré que VPS29 est nécessaire à la translocalisation de la triacylglycérol lipase SDP1 (Sugar-Dependent 1) du peroxysome aux corps lipidiques, le compartiment de stockage des réserves lipidiques. Ces résultats nous ont permis d’envisager que le « core » rétromère pourrait emprunter de nouvelles voies de trafics intracellulaires entre des compartiments autre que l’endosome. / In eukaryotes, the retromer is a complex composed of the SNX (Sorting Nexin) subcomplex and the VPS (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) subcomplex also called the core retromer. To date, the retromer is described as a key regulator of proteins trafficking around endosomal compartment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, our group has previously demonstrated that this complex is involved in several developmental pathways, as embryo development, seed storage protein maturation and lateral root emergence. In this work, we characterised the function of the retromer in seeds and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Firstly, we found that VPS29 is required for the formation of seeds storage lipid. We identified a new cargo of this complex; Lipid Transfer Protein 6 (LTP6). LTP6 lost of function induces similar phenotype than vps29 linked to lipid metabolism. Based on LTP6 localisation on an intracellular structure characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum, the site of OBs formation, we supposed that the retromer may act on oil bodies biogenesis by its function on LTP6 trafficking. Secondly, we demonstrated that the core retromer have a SNX-independent function in lipid reserves breakdown, which is essential for seedling establishment. We showed that VPS29 is required for translocation of the triacylglycerol lipase SDP1 (Sugar-Dependent-1) from the peroxisome to oil bodies, the lipid storage compartment. Altogether, these results allowed us to propose new intracellular route trafficking for VPS sub-complex between compartments other than the endosome.

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