Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA12MA089.pdf: 1289246 bytes, checksum: aeab19a1d5b6ebb9c5e6219d765deed7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / Feeding trans-10, cis-12 CLA has resulted in milk fat depression in dairy cows, ewes and goats. However, its effects in goats are less understood in comparison with other ruminant species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of a rumen unprotected trans-10, cis-12 CLA supplement on milk production, secretion of milk components and milk fatty acid profile in dairy goats. Eight Toggenburg non pregnant goats (135 ± 21 DIM) were used in a duplicate 4 x 4 Latin Square design (12-d treatment periods separated by 6-d intervals) according to the order of lactation (primiparous and multiparous). The animals within each group were randomly assigned to the following dietary treatments: CLA0: 45 g/d of Megalac-E; CLA15: 30 g/d of Megalac-E+15 g/d CLA; CLA30: 15 g/d of Megalac-E+30 g/d of CLA; CLA45: 45 g/d of CLA. The lipid supplements were mixed in the concentrate and fed individually to the animals after morning and afternoon milkings. The CLA supplement (Luta-CLA 60) had 29.9% of trans-10, cis-12 CLA as methyl esters, resulting in doses of 0, 4.48, 8.97 and 13.45 g/d of this CLA isomer for CLA0, CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45 treatments, respectively. Dry matter intake, milk yield, content and secretion of milk protein and lactose, body condition score and body weight were unaffected by the dietary treatments., The comparison of milk fat content and yield observed on the last day of each treatment period (d 12) with those found on day 0 showed that CLA0 treatment increased the milk fat content. Thus, milk fat content and yield on day 0 were considered as 100%. The CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45 treatments reduced milk fat yield by 8.1, 26.1 e 32.7% and milk fat content by 4.5, 21.5 e 28.3%, respectively. The increase in dietary trans-10, cis-12 CLA dose reduced the concentration of milk fatty acids arising from de novo synthesis and increased the concentration of those derived from blood circulation. However, the milk secretions of both classes of fatty acids were reduced linearly as the CLA dose increased. The increase in dietary trans-10, cis-12 CLA also caused a linear reduction in milk fat C14:1/C14:0, C16:1/C16:0, C17:1/C17:0 and C18:1/C18:0 dessaturase indexes. Milk fat trans-10, cis-12 CLA content and secretion increased in goats fed increasing doses of trans-10, cis-12 CLA, which, corresponded to transfer efficiencies from diet to milk of 1.18, 1.17 and 1.21% for CLA15, CLA30 and CLA45 treatments, respectively. The energy balance (EB) increased linearly in goats fed increasing doses of trans-10, cis-12 CLA / O fornecimento de CLA trans-10, cis-12 através da dieta tem resultado na depressão da gordura do leite de bovinos, ovinos e caprinos. No entanto, os seus efeitos em caprinos são menos compreendidos perante as outras espécies de ruminantes. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses crescentes de CLA trans-10, cis-12 desprotegido da bio-hidrogenação ruminal sobre a produção, secreção dos componentes e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de cabras leiteiras. Para isso, foram utilizados 8 animais da raça Toggenburg não prenhes com 135 ± 21 dias em lactação, separadas de acordo com o número de lactações para compor dois Quadrados Latinos 4 X 4 (12 dias de tratamento separados por 6 dias de intervalo), um formado por primíparas e o outro por multíparas. Os animais foram submetidos aleatoriamente aos seguintes tratamentos: CLA0) 45 g/d de Megalac-E; CLA15) 30 g/d de Megalac-E+15 g/d de CLA; CLA30) 15 g/d de Megalac- E+30 g/d de CLA; CLA45) 45 g/d de CLA. Os tratamentos foram inclusos no concentrado fornecido aos animais, assim, todos os tratamentos continham 45 g/d de suplemento lipídico. O suplemento de CLA (Luta-CLA 60) continha 29,9% do isômero trans-10, cis- 12 na forma de ésteres metílicos, perfazendo doses de 0, 4,48, 8,97 e 13,45 g/d deste ácido graxo para os respectivos tratamentos citados anteriormente. O consumo de matéria seca de silagem, a produção de leite, a produção e o teor de proteína e lactose do leite, o escore de condição corporal e o peso vivo não foram afetados pelas doses de CLA trans-10, cis- 12. Ao final de cada período experimental (d 12), a avaliação do teor e produção de gordura do leite em relação ao encontrado no dia 0, demonstrou que o tratamento CLA0 levou ao aumento da gordura do leite. Assim, as comparações de produção e teor de gordura do leite foram feitas considerando os valores obtidos no dia 0 como 100%. Os tratamentos CLA15, CLA30 e CLA45 reduziram, respectivamente, a produção de gordura do leite em 8,1, 26,1 e 32,7% e o teor de gordura do leite em 4,5, 21,5 e 28,3%. O uso de doses crescentes de CLA trans-10, cis-12 na dieta alterou o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite, com reduções da concentração dos ácidos graxos oriundos da síntese de novo e aumento da concentração dos provenientes da circulação sanguínea. Porém, quando a secreção destes mesmos ácidos graxos foi avaliada houve redução da secreção de ambas as classes de ácidos graxos. A suplementação de CLA trans-10, cis-12 também acarretou na redução dos índices de dessaturação C14:1/C14:0, C16:1/C16:0, C17:1/C17:0 e C18:1/C18:0. Tanto a concentração como a secreção do CLA trans-10, cis-12 aumentaram conforme o seu aumento na dieta, e correspondeu a uma eficiência de transferência da 1,18, 1,17 e 1,21% para os tratamentos CLA15, CLA30 e CLA45 (respectivamente), sendo que as mesmas não diferiram entre si. Quando o balanço energético (BE) dos animais foi avaliado, as inclusões crescentes do CLA trans-10, cis-12 na dieta aumentaram linearmente o BE

Les anticorps monoclonaux (mAb) sont d’importants agents thérapeutiques largement utilisés dans le traitement de cancers. Ces protéines recombinantes complexes sont généralement produites dans des lignées cellulaires de mammifères et l’industrie pharmaceutique a développé des procédés robustes permettant d’obtenir de grandes quantités d’anticorps monoclonaux de qualité constante. Une tendance générale observée aujourd’hui est d’éviter l’utilisation de produits d’origine animale dans ces procédés. En effet, ces composés représentent un risque de contamination du médicament par des agents infectieux et les autorités règlementaires renforcent leurs exigences pour leur retrait des procédés de fabrication. Ces composés sont par ailleurs mal définis et posent des problèmes de variabilité des procédés de production. L’objectif de ce projet était de développer un milieu sans dérivés animaux pour la culture d’une lignée cellulaire Sp2/0 utilisée par la société Merck Serono pour exprimer un anticorps monoclonal thérapeutique. Le procédé de fabrication actuel contient de la sérum albumine bovine (BSA) et de l’EX-CYTE (concentré commercial de lipoprotéines et acides gras) extraits de sérum bovin. Le retrait des deux composés du milieu de culture a entrainé une diminution de la productivité du procédé de 87% et il a été observé que l’EX-CYTE et la BSA étaient essentiels pour la survie de notre lignée cellulaire Sp2/0. La BSA a permis à elle seule de remplacer l’EX-CYTE dans le procédé et a été utilisée comme modèle pour le développement d’un remplacement sans dérivés animaux. Une étude de caractérisation de la préparation de BSA a été effectuée afin d’identifier les facteurs responsables de son activité promotrice pour la croissance cellulaire. Les lipides représentaient une partie importante de cette activité mais un rôle significatif d’autres protéines contaminantes a été révélé. Enfin, un supplément lipidique sans dérivés animaux a été développé. Ce supplément était constitué d’un mélange de quatre acides gras (les acides oléique, linoléique, palmitique et stéarique) couplés à de la sérum albumine humaine recombinante (rHSA). Le supplément acides gras-rHSA a permis de remplacer l’EX-CYTE et la BSA et un milieu sans composés d’origine animale a finalement été obtenu. / Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are important therapeutics widely used for cancer therapy. Mammalian cell lines are usually employed to produce these complex recombinant proteins and the pharmaceutical industry has developed robust processes that deliver large quantities of mAbs with a sustained quality. A general trend observed today is to avoid the use of animal-derived components in such processes. Indeed, these compounds represent a potential risk of contamination of the final drug product with infectious agents and regulatory authorities are putting pressure for their removal from manufacturing processes. Such compounds are also ill defined and source of variability for the production processes. The goal of this project was to develop an animal-derived component free (ADCF) medium for the culture of an Sp2/0 cell line used by the company Merck Serono to express a therapeutic mAb. The manufacturing process currently used contains bovine serum albumin (BSA) and EX-CYTE (a commercial concentrate of lipoproteins and fatty acids) sourced from bovine serum. The removal of both components from the cell culture medium decreased the productivity of the process by 87%. EX-CYTE and BSA were found to be essential for the survival of our Sp2/0 cell line. BSA, which was found to replace EX-CYTE in the process, was used as a model for the development of an animal-derived component free replacement. A characterization of the BSA preparation was carried out to identify the factors responsible for its growth-promoting activity. Lipids accounted for a major part of the activity of the BSA preparation but a significant role of other protein contaminants was revealed. Finally, an animal-derived component free lipid supplement was developed. This supplement consisted in a mixture of four fatty acids (FA) (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acids) complexed with recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA). The FA/rHSA supplement could substitute for EX-CYTE and BSA and an ADCF medium was finally obtained.