Mémoire de D. E. A.--Art et archéologie--Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne, 1989. / Bibliogr. p. 115-122.

Reducing the consumption of electricity is one of the principal areas of current research into energy saving technologies. Within this area is the effort to reduce the demand for electricity for lighting purposes. To consider just the domestic requirements, during 2011 domestic electricity consumption in the UK was 30% of a total electricity demand of 374TWh. Of this figure of 112TWh some 13TWh were used for lighting alone. This thesis describes research made in this area, in particular the manufacture of lighting luminaires making use of High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (HBLEDs). The thesis outlines and demonstrates a methodology for the design, testing and subsequent manufacture of complete luminaires which make suitable, low energy consumption alternatives to conventional lighting using filament lamps and fluorescent fittings. Work has been done in the areas of:Thermal management, Power supply design, Luminaire design, Performance simulation in software, 'Remote phosphor’ luminaires in which LEDs with blue light outputs are used to provide blue light which is converted to usable white light by phosphor laden acrylic plates employed in luminaires for both wavelength conversion and light diffusion, Luminaire performance measurementIt is shown that substantial savings in energy (over 50%) can be made by using HBLEDs in lighting luminaires whilst producing satisfactory lighting for a variety of purposes.

The thesis deals with the design of a goniophotometer and the GUI (Graphical User Interface), capable of evaluating the photometric parameters of light sources and luminaires. The introduction contains theoretical information about photometry, photometric parameters, light sources, lamps, as well as the theory of measuring these parameters, and basic globally used data formats, designed to store the parameters of light sources. The core of this thesis, then describes the hardware, that makes up the proposed device, and the software needed to control the measurement process, visualization and storing the results. The conclusion is an evaluation of the functionality of the described device, and the measurements that were mediated by it, and an overall summary of the results achieved.

This master thesis is a design study of LED interior light units. Aim of the study is to design set of three luminaire types – office table light, standard lamp and a pendant luminaire. All three lights are following the same design. Curve is the main shape for this light set. LED, called light source of the future, is supposed to be the only light source at all three units. LEDs were chosen as the contemporary most efficient and modern light source. Use of LEDs has many positive economical and social aspects. Use of innovative design, most recent technologies and modern shapes brings new inspiration and variety into current interior light world. Development of light systems study is mapping light units history from the beginning into presence. It brings interesting look into interior light history.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar os ganhos em eficiência energética através da classificação de níveis, atribuídos a sistemas de iluminação das instalações, com a aplicação da proposta de regulamentação para etiquetagem voluntária do nível de eficiência energética de edificações comerciais, de serviços e públicos, em fase de homologação. Foi realizada uma contextualização da importância da referida proposta de regulamentação, com uma abordagem dos principais sistemas de avaliação de desempenho ambiental de edifícios em âmbito internacional e no Brasil, considerando as principais iniciativas e estado atual das mesmas. Com o uso da referida metodologia, foram realizados três estudos distintos: o primeiro, considerando um levantamento de dados em uma edificação existente que se caracteriza por sediar uma organização administrativa que faz parte do poder público, composta de 275 dependências. O segundo e o terceiro estudo tratam da aplicação em um projeto luminotécnico, no mesmo empreendimento, de duas luminárias distintas (compostas de sistemas ópticos com e sem aletas, respectivamente). A partir dessas atividades que norteiam a aplicação direta da metodologia para confecção de projetos, foram estabelecidas comparações entre os resultados obtidos e realizadas considerações sobre os índices de iluminância, de densidade de potência instalada total em iluminação e da densidade de potência em iluminação. De posse de todos os resultados obtidos em uma edificação com relevante representatividade no segmento dos prédios públicos, bem como das considerações pertinentes, podemos inferir que com o uso somente de iluminação geral, sem iluminação local é possível atingir no máximo a classificação B e que temos a possibilidade de uso dos dois tipos de luminárias adotadas sem alterar a classificação dos níveis de eficiência energética encontrados. / This study aims to assess the gains in energy efficiency through the classification levels, assigned to the installation of lighting systems, with the implementation of the proposed regulations for voluntary labeling of the level of energy efficiency in commercial buildings, of services and public in stage of approval. One contextualization of the importance of the proposed regulation was held with major systems for evaluating environmental of buildings in the international and Brazil, considering the major initiatives and current status of them. With the use of that methodology, three separate studies were conducted: first, considering a survey of data in an existing building which is hosting an administrative organization of the public power, composed of 275 dependences. The second and third studies dealing with the application in a lighting project in the same enterprise, in two different luminaries (composed of optical systems with and without fins, respectively). From these activities that guide the direct application of the methodology for preparation of projects there have been established comparisons between the results and made comments on the levels of illuminance, the density of total installed power in lighting and in lighting power density. In possession of all results obtained in a building with significant representation in the segment of public buildings, as well as the relevant considerations, we can infer that with the use only of general lighting, local lighting is not possible to achieve the maximum rating B and we have the possibility to use both types of luminaires adopted without changing the classification of levels of energy efficiency found.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade indicar uma metodologia de avaliação das perdas progressivas de iluminâncias, de intensidades luminosas e de rendimentos que ocorrem nos conjuntos óticos com distintos tratamentos de superfícies dos alumínios, utilizados na produção de luminárias comerciais com lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares. Alguns critérios foram relacionados como imprescindíveis para a obtenção de resultados representativos, sendo o parâmetro geográfico o primeiro deles. Para isso, foram indicadas três instalações onde o critério de escolha eram os agentes atmosféricos externos, de elevada, média ou menor poluição ambiental. O segundo foi a escolha de \"luminárias de ensaios\", com conjuntos óticos em alumínios especulares de diferentes características e propriedades de reflexão. O último critério foi o temporal, com medições fotométricas praticadas em laboratório e em campo. Foram adotadas para análise e comparação as medições fotométricas de três conjuntos óticos de referência (refletor e aleta), bem como luminárias de ensaio de campo em dois períodos para análise da depreciação dos conjuntos óticos, que totalizaram uma média de 2.700 h. Como resultado desta análise, foram feitas considerações que demonstram que padrões de alumínio de menor ou maior rendimento, com capacidade reflexiva entre 75% e 95%, apresentam perdas luminosas consideráveis, e que podem causar divergência entre o projetado pelos profissionais de iluminação e o executado. / This work aims to specify a methodology for evaluating the progressive loss of illuminance, luminous intensity and performance, which occur in the optical assemblies of commercial fixtures with fluorescent lamps, whose aluminium received different types of surface treatment. In order to obtain representative results, some criteria were listed as essential, being the geographic parameter the first one. For this, we chose three facilities using as a criterion of choice the external atmospheric agents of high, medium or low environmental pollution. The second was the choice of \"test fixtures\" with optical assemblies made of specular aluminium with different reflection characteristics and properties. The last criterion was the time lapse, with photometric measurements practiced in laboratory and in the field. For analysis and comparison, we took photometric measurements of three optical sets used as reference (reflector and fin) and field test fixtures in two different periods for depreciation analysis of their optical assemblies, which reached an average of 2700 hours. As a result, considerations have been made demonstrating that Aluminium patterns of higher or lower performance with reflective capacity between 75% and 95%, show considerable light loss, and that this can cause divergence between what is the projected by the lighting professionals and what is effectively executed.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade indicar uma metodologia de avaliação das perdas progressivas de iluminâncias, de intensidades luminosas e de rendimentos que ocorrem nos conjuntos óticos com distintos tratamentos de superfícies dos alumínios, utilizados na produção de luminárias comerciais com lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares. Alguns critérios foram relacionados como imprescindíveis para a obtenção de resultados representativos, sendo o parâmetro geográfico o primeiro deles. Para isso, foram indicadas três instalações onde o critério de escolha eram os agentes atmosféricos externos, de elevada, média ou menor poluição ambiental. O segundo foi a escolha de \"luminárias de ensaios\", com conjuntos óticos em alumínios especulares de diferentes características e propriedades de reflexão. O último critério foi o temporal, com medições fotométricas praticadas em laboratório e em campo. Foram adotadas para análise e comparação as medições fotométricas de três conjuntos óticos de referência (refletor e aleta), bem como luminárias de ensaio de campo em dois períodos para análise da depreciação dos conjuntos óticos, que totalizaram uma média de 2.700 h. Como resultado desta análise, foram feitas considerações que demonstram que padrões de alumínio de menor ou maior rendimento, com capacidade reflexiva entre 75% e 95%, apresentam perdas luminosas consideráveis, e que podem causar divergência entre o projetado pelos profissionais de iluminação e o executado. / This work aims to specify a methodology for evaluating the progressive loss of illuminance, luminous intensity and performance, which occur in the optical assemblies of commercial fixtures with fluorescent lamps, whose aluminium received different types of surface treatment. In order to obtain representative results, some criteria were listed as essential, being the geographic parameter the first one. For this, we chose three facilities using as a criterion of choice the external atmospheric agents of high, medium or low environmental pollution. The second was the choice of \"test fixtures\" with optical assemblies made of specular aluminium with different reflection characteristics and properties. The last criterion was the time lapse, with photometric measurements practiced in laboratory and in the field. For analysis and comparison, we took photometric measurements of three optical sets used as reference (reflector and fin) and field test fixtures in two different periods for depreciation analysis of their optical assemblies, which reached an average of 2700 hours. As a result, considerations have been made demonstrating that Aluminium patterns of higher or lower performance with reflective capacity between 75% and 95%, show considerable light loss, and that this can cause divergence between what is the projected by the lighting professionals and what is effectively executed.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar os ganhos em eficiência energética através da classificação de níveis, atribuídos a sistemas de iluminação das instalações, com a aplicação da proposta de regulamentação para etiquetagem voluntária do nível de eficiência energética de edificações comerciais, de serviços e públicos, em fase de homologação. Foi realizada uma contextualização da importância da referida proposta de regulamentação, com uma abordagem dos principais sistemas de avaliação de desempenho ambiental de edifícios em âmbito internacional e no Brasil, considerando as principais iniciativas e estado atual das mesmas. Com o uso da referida metodologia, foram realizados três estudos distintos: o primeiro, considerando um levantamento de dados em uma edificação existente que se caracteriza por sediar uma organização administrativa que faz parte do poder público, composta de 275 dependências. O segundo e o terceiro estudo tratam da aplicação em um projeto luminotécnico, no mesmo empreendimento, de duas luminárias distintas (compostas de sistemas ópticos com e sem aletas, respectivamente). A partir dessas atividades que norteiam a aplicação direta da metodologia para confecção de projetos, foram estabelecidas comparações entre os resultados obtidos e realizadas considerações sobre os índices de iluminância, de densidade de potência instalada total em iluminação e da densidade de potência em iluminação. De posse de todos os resultados obtidos em uma edificação com relevante representatividade no segmento dos prédios públicos, bem como das considerações pertinentes, podemos inferir que com o uso somente de iluminação geral, sem iluminação local é possível atingir no máximo a classificação B e que temos a possibilidade de uso dos dois tipos de luminárias adotadas sem alterar a classificação dos níveis de eficiência energética encontrados. / This study aims to assess the gains in energy efficiency through the classification levels, assigned to the installation of lighting systems, with the implementation of the proposed regulations for voluntary labeling of the level of energy efficiency in commercial buildings, of services and public in stage of approval. One contextualization of the importance of the proposed regulation was held with major systems for evaluating environmental of buildings in the international and Brazil, considering the major initiatives and current status of them. With the use of that methodology, three separate studies were conducted: first, considering a survey of data in an existing building which is hosting an administrative organization of the public power, composed of 275 dependences. The second and third studies dealing with the application in a lighting project in the same enterprise, in two different luminaries (composed of optical systems with and without fins, respectively). From these activities that guide the direct application of the methodology for preparation of projects there have been established comparisons between the results and made comments on the levels of illuminance, the density of total installed power in lighting and in lighting power density. In possession of all results obtained in a building with significant representation in the segment of public buildings, as well as the relevant considerations, we can infer that with the use only of general lighting, local lighting is not possible to achieve the maximum rating B and we have the possibility to use both types of luminaires adopted without changing the classification of levels of energy efficiency found.

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SPECIAL LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS Relevance of the research When Lithuania were joined into the European Community it has become necessary to use lighting devices corresponding to requirements of the European Community – ENEC norms. Taking into account the specificity of given devices in Lithuania and other new EU countries they should be steady against low temperatures, humidity, acts of vandalism, to be suitable for the illumination of industrial buildings and to fulfil the requirements of low prices of the new incorporated countries. Recently new comprehensive ENEC norms (EN European Norms, EC Electrical Certification) for luminaires were drawn up and effectively introduced by the European Union. As a result, the production of a wide range of electrical operating equipment was discontinued due to the inconsistency between technical parameters of produced equipment and new norms. Such equipments were not allowed to be marketed. Therefore it has become necessary to develop luminaires capable to fulfil the increased quality requirements of the European Union. Their development should also taken into account due to the targets of product responsibility (§ 22) laid down in the Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste Disposal introduced in 1996 also should be taken into account extensively the aspects of ecological efficiency. In the past, plastic luminaire systems belonging to a higher... [to full text]

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF SPECIAL LUMINAIRE SYSTEMS Relevance of the research When Lithuania were joined into the European Community it has become necessary to use lighting devices corresponding to requirements of the European Community – ENEC norms. Taking into account the specificity of given devices in Lithuania and other new EU countries they should be steady against low temperatures, humidity, acts of vandalism, to be suitable for the illumination of industrial buildings and to fulfil the requirements of low prices of the new incorporated countries. Recently new comprehensive ENEC norms (EN European Norms, EC Electrical Certification) for luminaires were drawn up and effectively introduced by the European Union. As a result, the production of a wide range of electrical operating equipment was discontinued due to the inconsistency between technical parameters of produced equipment and new norms. Such equipments were not allowed to be marketed. Therefore it has become necessary to develop luminaires capable to fulfil the increased quality requirements of the European Union. Their development should also taken into account due to the targets of product responsibility (§ 22) laid down in the Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste Disposal introduced in 1996 also should be taken into account extensively the aspects of ecological efficiency. In the past, plastic luminaire systems belonging to a higher... [to full text]