This thesis examines evidence of the earliest viols in Italy. In light of recent changes in perspective on the origins of the Italian viola da gamba, a new approach to building historical models of the instrument is necessary. By using Castiglione's description of violas as a significant signpost, I have developed a clearer picture of the early viola da gamba's socio-musical context. Using this context, along with my experience as a luthier, I redefine the parameters by which we may interpret the corresponding iconography of the instrument. By relating the building techniques that appear in iconography to our modern knowledge of instrument-making, I expose the differences between building conceptions in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries and those that stem from later "surviving" instruments. Finally, by placing historical models within the musical framework of plausible repertoire, I reveal the ingredients for an updated sense of sound and performance practice.

To improve the replication of acoustic guitars, measurements of three Martin OOO style steel-string guitars were made at various stages of their construction. The guitars were constructed in parallel, as similar to each other as possible, with the exception of the soundboard material---which were made of Sitka spruce, Engelmann spruce and Western Red cedar. To improve the similarity of the instruments, methods were developed to measure and control the material properties of key components before their incorporation into the instruments, including a device to measure the thickness of a guitar soundboard attached to the back and sides of the instrument. Some of these measurements were compared to numerical models of the instrument and, after the establishment of a lexicon to describe guitar sounds, some physical factors contributing towards the timbre of guitar sounds were determined. The results of these investigations may be developed to improve the consistency in the manufacture of stringed musical instruments.

To improve the replication of acoustic guitars, measurements of three Martin OOO style steel-string guitars were made at various stages of their construction. The guitars were constructed in parallel, as similar to each other as possible, with the exception of the soundboard material---which were made of Sitka spruce, Engelmann spruce and Western Red cedar. To improve the similarity of the instruments, methods were developed to measure and control the material properties of key components before their incorporation into the instruments, including a device to measure the thickness of a guitar soundboard attached to the back and sides of the instrument. Some of these measurements were compared to numerical models of the instrument and, after the establishment of a lexicon to describe guitar sounds, some physical factors contributing towards the timbre of guitar sounds were determined. The results of these investigations may be developed to improve the consistency in the manufacture of stringed musical instruments.

Este trabalho investiga o lugar da téchne no mundo antigo por meio dos instrumentos musicais, enquanto artefatos físicos e modelos matemáticos, geométricos e mecânicos. A escassez de informações sobre as técnicas de construção dos instrumentos leva a examinar outras atividades artesanais, especialmente aquelas ligadas à carpintaria e ao trabalho com metais. O exame da natureza do poder encantatório da música e sua relação com os instrumentos será realizado por meio da abordagem de figuras como as musas e os daimónes, e também da organização concebida pelos filósofos no período clássico. Apesar do lugar de inferioridade que importantes pensadores conferiram aos artesãos, evidências mostram que a téchne dos artífices marcou profundamente o pensamento grego. No que diz respeito à música, o papel do luthier foi fundamental na medida em que proporcionou o substrato material para desenvolvimentos na linguagem musical. Além dos artefatos, os modelos matemáticos, geométricos e mecânicos da música também nasceram nas oficinas. Ao serem dominados pelos músicos, tais rtefatos e modelos serão igualmente responsáveis por grandes transformações musicais. / This work investigates the Greek notion of téchne in the ancient world through its musical instruments, in the form of physical artifacts and mathematical, geometrical and mechanical models. Because of the lack of information about ancient lutherie, it examines other forms of craftsmanship, like carpentry and metallurgy. The inquire into the nature of the musical powers of music, and its relation to musical instruments, will be done by the examination of characters like muses and daimónes, and also of the organization models of the classical philosophers. Despite the inferior place that great philosophers give to the technicians, this study sustains that they had deeply influenced the Greek thought. Regarding music, its possible to say that the luthiers role was fundamental because the material foundation conducted developments in the musical language. Besides the artifacts, the mathematical, geometrical and mechanical musical models were born in the workshops. Artifacts and models, mastered by the musicians, will be equally responsible for the musical developments.

Este trabalho investiga o lugar da téchne no mundo antigo por meio dos instrumentos musicais, enquanto artefatos físicos e modelos matemáticos, geométricos e mecânicos. A escassez de informações sobre as técnicas de construção dos instrumentos leva a examinar outras atividades artesanais, especialmente aquelas ligadas à carpintaria e ao trabalho com metais. O exame da natureza do poder encantatório da música e sua relação com os instrumentos será realizado por meio da abordagem de figuras como as musas e os daimónes, e também da organização concebida pelos filósofos no período clássico. Apesar do lugar de inferioridade que importantes pensadores conferiram aos artesãos, evidências mostram que a téchne dos artífices marcou profundamente o pensamento grego. No que diz respeito à música, o papel do luthier foi fundamental na medida em que proporcionou o substrato material para desenvolvimentos na linguagem musical. Além dos artefatos, os modelos matemáticos, geométricos e mecânicos da música também nasceram nas oficinas. Ao serem dominados pelos músicos, tais rtefatos e modelos serão igualmente responsáveis por grandes transformações musicais. / This work investigates the Greek notion of téchne in the ancient world through its musical instruments, in the form of physical artifacts and mathematical, geometrical and mechanical models. Because of the lack of information about ancient lutherie, it examines other forms of craftsmanship, like carpentry and metallurgy. The inquire into the nature of the musical powers of music, and its relation to musical instruments, will be done by the examination of characters like muses and daimónes, and also of the organization models of the classical philosophers. Despite the inferior place that great philosophers give to the technicians, this study sustains that they had deeply influenced the Greek thought. Regarding music, its possible to say that the luthiers role was fundamental because the material foundation conducted developments in the musical language. Besides the artifacts, the mathematical, geometrical and mechanical musical models were born in the workshops. Artifacts and models, mastered by the musicians, will be equally responsible for the musical developments.

Lorsque nous évoquons la fabrication du violon, la majorité des gens ne mentionnent que les trois luthiers italiens les plus célèbres dans le monde : Nicolo Amati, Antonio Giacomo Stradivari, dit Stradivarius, Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri c'est-à-dire Guarneri del Gesù, dit Guarnerius. Ils sont sans aucun doute les maîtres-lutherie en la matière et également tous issus de l’école crémonaise. De plus, leurs violons ont beaucoup inspiré leurs successeurs et les luthiers contemporains.A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la fabrication du violon était essentiellement centralisée en France, plus particulièrement à Paris où sont apparus plusieurs luthiers talentueux tels que Jacques Bocquay, Jean-François Aldric, Louis Guersan, Léopold Renaudin, etc. Bien qu’ils soient moins connus que Stradivarius et Guarnerius, ils ont pris en compte les méthodes de conception italiennes et ont mis en place, grâce à celle-ci, l’école française de lutherie. Enfin, au XIXe siècle, Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume est apparu en France ; il a été non seulement un luthier excellent et innovateur, mais aussi un copiste de Stradivarius très célèbre. D’ailleurs, il a été également un grand praticien de l’acoustique et un commerçant hors pair, ce qui fait qu’aujourd’hui il est considéré comme le «Stradivarius français ».Ainsi mon travail est composé de trois parties : l’origine de l’art et analyse de la structure du moule de Stradivarius, la conception du violon chez Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, la recherche de la structure du violon à partir des fondements acoustiques ; ces parties sont suivies d’une conclusion. / When we speak about the making of violins most people will only mention the best three world-known Italian stringed-instrument makers: Nicolo Amati, Antonio Giacomo Sradivari, Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guaneri (Guaneri del Gesù). Without any doubt they are the masters in the art of stringed-instrument manufacture and the three of them come from the Cremonaise. Moreover their violins have inspired their successors and the present-day stringed-instrument makers a lot. At the end of the 18th century violins were mainly made in France especially in Paris where several talented stringed-instrument makers such as Jacques Bocquay, Jean-François Aldric and Leopold Renaudin among others were famous. Although they are less well-known than Stradivari and Guarneri they took the Italian designed methods into account and thanks to them they created the French Style. Finally in the 19th century Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume appeared in France: he was not just an excellent stringed-instrument maker and innovator but also a very famous copyist of Stradivari’s work. What’s more he was also a great practitioner of acoustics and an outstanding trader. Consequently he is now known as the “French Stradivari”. Thus my thesis is made up of three parts: the origin of the art and analysis of the structure of a Stradivari mould, Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume’s design of a violin, the study of the structure of violins from acoustic basis and finally a conclusion.319th century Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume appeared in France: he was not just an excellent stringed-instrument maker and innovator but also a very famous copyist of Stradivari’s work. What’s more he was also a great practitioner of acoustics and an outstanding trader. Consequently he is now known as the “French Stradivari”.Thus my thesis is made up of three parts: the origin of the art and analysis of the structure of a Stradivari mould, Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume’s design of a violin, the study of the structure of violins from acoustic basis and finally a conclusion.

Lorsque nous évoquons la fabrication du violon, la majorité des gens ne mentionnent que les trois luthiers italiens les plus célèbres dans le monde : Nicolo Amati, Antonio Giacomo Stradivari, dit Stradivarius, Bartolomeo Giuseppe Antonio Guarneri c'est-à-dire Guarneri del Gesù, dit Guarnerius. Ils sont sans aucun doute les maîtres-lutherie en la matière et également tous issus de l'école crémonaise. De plus, leurs violons ont beaucoup inspiré leurs successeurs et les luthiers contemporains.A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la fabrication du violon était essentiellement centralisée en France, plus particulièrement à Paris où sont apparus plusieurs luthiers talentueux tels que Jacques Bocquay, Jean-François Aldric, Louis Guersan, Léopold Renaudin, etc. Bien qu'ils soient moins connus que Stradivarius et Guarnerius, ils ont pris en compte les méthodes de conception italiennes et ont mis en place, grâce à celle-ci, l'école française de lutherie. Enfin, au XIXe siècle, Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume est apparu en France ; il a été non seulement un luthier excellent et innovateur, mais aussi un copiste de Stradivarius très célèbre. D'ailleurs, il a été également un grand praticien de l'acoustique et un commerçant hors pair, ce qui fait qu'aujourd'hui il est considéré comme le "Stradivarius français ".Ainsi mon travail est composé de trois parties : l'origine de l'art et analyse de la structure du moule de Stradivarius, la conception du violon chez Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, la recherche de la structure du violon à partir des fondements acoustiques ; ces parties sont suivies d'une conclusion.

Submitted by João Arthur Martins (joao.arthur@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T18:31:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Filipe Carlos De Albuquerque Calegario.pdf: 5927675 bytes, checksum: 052e513854d4c99d80c0dd6f9fd70177 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T17:43:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Filipe Carlos De Albuquerque Calegario.pdf: 5927675 bytes, checksum: 052e513854d4c99d80c0dd6f9fd70177 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Novas interfaces estão mudando a forma como interagimos com as máquinas e isto é particularmente importante para o campo da música. Estas novas tecnologias abrem um grande leque de possibilidades para a criação de Instrumentos Musicais Digitais (DMIs), que são sistemas compostos por módulo de entrada, módulo de saída e uma estratégia de mapeamento conectando tais módulos. Ao contrário dos instrumentos acústicos, que impõem restrições físicas à sua fabricação, os DMIs permitem uma maior liberdade na sua construção. Paradoxalmente, esta vantagem pode se tornar um problema, pois não existem métodos ou ferramentas para guiar o designer ou luthier na definição de qual mapeamento é mais adequado entre entradas e saídas de um DMI. Seguindo a definição que o usuário é a força motriz da inovação e que a tendência do Movimento Maker mostra que, atualmente, tal usuário não é apenas um consumidor passivo de produtos, por que não fornecer aos músicos e artistas o poder de definir suas próprias estratégias de mapeamento e assim construir seu DMI? Neste contexto, a prototipação, conceito bastante importante no Design, se mostra como uma possível solução para o problema do mapeamento, permitindo que os usuários possam experimentar a adequação de entradas, saídas e mapeamentos diversos na criação de seu próprio DMI. Alguns sistemas musicais já permitem prototipação de DMIs (ex.: Pure Data, Max/MSP, Chuck, SuperCollider etc.), porém a maioria ainda precisa de um alto nível técnico para se chegar a um resultado não trivial. Este Projeto apresenta o Sketchument, um ambiente de experimentação de fácil utilização, voltado para o público não técnico, que permite que o usuário prototipe e crie DMIs, usando múltiplas entradas, saídas e mapeamentos. De protótipos de baixa fidelidade a protótipos funcionais, passando por avaliações por questionário e entrevista, o Sketchument tem sido desenvolvido seguindo a mesma filosofia de prototipação que ele se propõe a prover. O processo cíclico de concepção, implementação e avaliação tem produzido importantes resultados a partir dos potenciais usuários, que são bastante úteis para dar suporte às decisões de projeto e, assim, permitir modificações e melhoramentos.

This electronic document file set covers the design and fabrication information of the ETSU Guitar Building Project’s BBT (OM-sized) Side Mold Assy for use with the STEM Guitar Project’s standard acoustic guitar kit. The extended 'as built' data set contains an overview file and companion video, the 'parent' CADD drawing, CADD data for laser etching and cutting a drill &/or layout template, CADD drawings in AutoCAD .DWG and .DXF R12 formats of the centerline tool paths for creating the mold assembly pieces on an AXYZ CNC router, and support documentation for CAM applications including router bit specifications, feeds, speed, multi-pass data, and layer names (formatted for AXYZ's ToolPath CAM software).