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Réalisation de matériaux composites à conductivité thermique accrue pour l’aéronautique / Enhanced SiC/SiC composites for high temperature applicationsGriesser, Aurélia 17 December 2012 (has links)
Pour réduire les nuisances et pollutions émises par le transport aérien, une solution consisterait à remplacer les matériaux des pièces chaudes des moteurs d'avions par des composites à matrice céramique (CMC). Pour intégrer ces matériaux dans les moteurs, il est nécessaire de les adapter aux contraintes imposées par ce milieu (température≥1400°C, oxydation/corrosion), tout en garantissant des propriétés égales à celles des superalliages actuels (conductivité thermique, résistance mécanique). L'objectif de la thèse était de proposer une architecture de matériau présentant l'ensemble des propriétés demandées par le cahier des charges, d'élaborer ce composite et de le caractériser. Ce travail a permis d'identifier les phénomènes mis en jeu lors de l'élaboration des composites. L'optimisation du procédé, de l'architecture et de la composition du matériau a permis de fournir un CMC dense. Les caractérisations réalisées ont montré l'intérêt de ces matériaux pour l'application visée. / To reduce pollution emitted by air transport, high temperature materials used in hot parts of aircraft engines could be replaced by ceramic matrix composites (CMC). To integrate these materials, they must support the harsh environment encountered inside the engine (temperature ≥ 1400 ° C, oxidation / corrosion), while having properties equivalent to current superalloys (thermal conductivity, mechanical strength). This work was aimed to establish a material architecture presenting all properties required, and to develop and characterize this composite. This procedure has helped to identify the phenomena involved in the development of composites. Various optimizations, as process, material architecture and composition, have lead to the establishment of a dense CMC. Measured properties have proved that these materials can be used for the intended application.
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Representações da Alteridade: Contornos Históricos e Escrita do Eu em La Razón de Mi Vida.Fachin, Paulo Cesar 15 December 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-15 / This essay s main purpose was to make a study about the book La razón de mi
vida (1951) of Eva Perón (The reason of my life), whose authorship or ghostwriter,
was attributed to Manuel Penella da Silva, a Spanish writer that
according to scholars about the myth of Eva following the example of the
sociologist Horacio González (2009). The book that was published in Argentina
is an autobiography that ratifies an image of a woman that became an icon of
the Peronism of an almost messianic vision within the Latin context. The
representation of Eva Perón also evokes some consideration of gender, in other
words, it reveals the conscience of a woman that broke behavior patterns of an
era, even managing to become the leader of a political movement. The political
movement in question took place in Argentina in the 40 s when the country was
under the command of the military. Since her in in July 26th 1952, the story of
Eva Perón or Evita has been written and rewritten by historians and novelists.
Furthermore, many writers have offered themselves as witnesses in order to
contribute to the writing of this story and also contributing to this living myth and
also to the recreation of its image, always in constant dialogue with its
biography. La razón de mi vida has allowed Eva Perón to be part of the
discursive context of her auto representation as a Political woman. In this
essay, the book is studied as an autobiographical work and all the historical
relationships are investigated as well as the literary and ideological aspects that
such genre could establish, through some scholars such as Lejeune (1975),
May (1979), Pouillon (1974), Bakhtin (2000), Rodrigues (2007) and others. It is
of high interest to analyze how the written of the self is manifested and is shown
within the book through a structure which is made of everyday life reports that
end up revealing the present as well as the past in a individually and collectively
way. / Esta pesquisa tem como proposta realizar um estudo sobre a obra La razón de
mi vida (1951), livro cuja autoria, ou papel de ghost-writer é tributado a Manuel
Penella da Silva, jornalista espanhol, segundo estudiosos sobre o mito de Eva
Perón, a exemplo do sociólogo Horacio González (2009). O livro foi publicado
na Argentina, trata-se de obra de caráter autobiográfico que ratifica a imagem
de uma mulher que se tornou um ícone do peronismo de visão quase
messiânica no contexto latino. A representação de Eva Perón evoca também
considerações de gênero, ou seja, revela a consciência de uma mulher que
transgrediu os padrões de uma época, conseguindo transformar-se em líder de
um movimento político, o movimento do partido peronista, movimento este que
surgiu na Argentina na década de 1940, quando o país esteve sobre o
comando dos militares. Desde a sua morte, em 26 de julho de 1952, a história
de Eva Perón ou Evita foi escrita e reescrita por historiadores e romancistas.
Além disso, muitos escritores se ofereceram como testemunha para contribuir
na escrituração desta história, colaborando para a continuidade deste mito e na
recriação de sua imagem, sempre dialogando com sua autobiografia. La razón
de mi vida permitiu a Eva Perón incrustar no âmbito discursivo sua
autorrepresentação como mulher de Estado. Nesta dissertação, a obra é
estudada na condição de gênero autobiográfico e se investigam as relações
históricas, literárias e ideológicas que tal gênero pode estabelecer, a partir dos
pressupostos teóricos de Lejeune (1975), May (1979), Pouillon (1974), Bakhtin
(2000), Rodrigues (2007) entre outros. Interessa-nos analisar como a escrita do
eu se manifesta e se configura na obra através de uma estrutura composta por
relatos de experiência do cotidiano que acabam por revelar presente e
passado, individual e coletivo.
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Effekten av motiverande samtal på livsstil relaterad till kost och fysisk aktivitet : – en litteraturöversikt / The effect of motivational interviewing on lifestyle related to diet and physical activity : – a literature reviewHurtig, Emelie, Rslan, Ammal January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskans fyra grundläggande ansvarsområden är att främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa och lindra lidande. I dagsläget lider ungefär hälften av alla invånare i Sverige mellan 16 och 84 år av övervikt och fetma. Detta kan leda till en så kallad livsstilsrelaterad sjukdom på grund av fel kostvanor och/eller för lite fysisk aktivitet. För att förebygga sjukdom behöver ofta livsstilsförändringar ske och då kan motiverande samtal vara en metod för sjuksköterskan att använda för att hjälpa patienten att öka sin motivation till hälsosammare levnadsvanor. Syfte: Att beskriva effekten av sjuksköterskans nyttjande av motiverande samtal vid rådgivning till patienter i behov av förändrad livsstil relaterad till kost och/eller fysisk aktivitet. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes och tolv studier inkluderades i resultatet. Tio studier hade kvantitativ ansats och två hade mixad metod. Resultat: Motiverande samtal hade en positiv effekt på livsstilsförändringar i samtliga studier som ingår i resultatet. I vissa studier gjordes även positiva framsteg i kontrollgrupper som inte fått rådgivning med motiverande samtal. Statistiskt signifikanta resultat uppnåddes inte i alla studier. Slutsats: Även om effekterna av motiverande samtal inte var bättre i interventionsgruppen än kontrollgruppen i vissa studier så har heller inga negativa resultat påvisats. Resultatet tyder på att metoden kan användas vid rådgivning om livsstilsförändringar relaterade till kost och fysisk aktivitet. / Background: The nurse’s four basic responsibilities are to promote health, prevent disease, restore health and relieve suffering. At present, about half of all citizens in Sweden between 16 and 84 years suffers from overweight and obesity. This can lead to a so-called lifestyle-related illness due to wrong eating habits and too little physical activity. In order to prevent disease, the lifestyle often needs to change, and motivational interviewing may be a method for the nurse to use to help the patient increase the motivation for healthier living habits. Method: A literature review was conducted and twelve studies were included in the results. Ten studies had a quantitative approach and two had mixed method. Aim: To describe the effect of the nurse's use of motivational interviewing in counseling to patients in need of changing lifestyle related to diet and physical activity. Result: Motivational interviewing had a positive effect on lifestyle changes in all the studies included in the result, but in some studies positive progress was also made in the control groups that did not receive counseling with motivational interviewing. Statistical significant results were not reached in all the studies. Conclusion: Although the effects of motivational interviewing were not better in the intervention group than the control group in some studies, no negative results have been shown. The result indicates that the method can be used for advice on lifestyle changes related to diet and physical activity.
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Síntese e caracterização de novos compostos envolvendo Índio e Calcogênios / Synthesis and characterization of new compounds involving Indium and ChalcogensMello, Melina de Azevedo 15 July 2015 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work is composed of two parts. The first one describes the synthesis of organometallic compounds derived from Br2InCH2Br and dichalcogenoether ligands, RE(CH2)nER (E = Se, Te; n = 1, 3; R = Ph, p-C6H4NMe2), compounds 1 to 6, that are considered chemical intermediates with potential application in organic synthesis; and the second part describes the preparation of a series of InIII-E-MI ternary clusters (E = S, Se; MI = Cu, Ag; compounds 7 11), which show potential applications as semiconductors or photocatalysts. In the first part, bimetallic compounds Br3InCH2E(R)(CH2)nE(R)CH2InBr3 were obtained where n = 3, E = Se, Te e R = Ph, p-C6H4NMe2 (compounds 1, 3 and 6). Where n = 1, the compounds obtained have only one InIII atom, Br3InCH2E(Ph)CH2EPh (compounds 2 and 4); and also the bimetallic compound Br3InCH2Te(Ph)CH2Te(Ph)CH2InBr3 (5) could be obtained. Compounds 1 6 were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of the corresponding chalcogen, and by Mass Spectrometry. In the second part, the InIII-E-MI ternary clusters (E = S, Se, MI = Cu, Ag) were synthesized from indium(III) chalcogenolates: In(EPh)3 (compounds 7 10) or BrIn(p-SeC6H4NMe2)2 (compound 11). Compounds 7 to 11 were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, and had their optical band gaps evaluated, in the solid state, by Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy. Finally, compound 9 was used as sensitizing agent of TiO2, and used as photocatalyst to obtain hydrogen by visible light induced water splitting. The sensitizing process of TiO2 with compound 9 improved considerably the H2 evolution when compared with the use of pure TiO2 in the studied conditions. / Este trabalho é composto por duas partes: a primeira trata da síntese de compostos derivados do organometálico Br2InCH2Br com ligantes dicalcogenoéteres, RE(CH2)nER (E = Se, Te; n = 1, 3; R = Ph, p-C6H4NMe2), compostos 1 a 6, considerados intermediários químicos com potencial aplicação em síntese orgânica; a segunda parte trata do preparo de uma série de clusters ternários InIII-E-MI (E = S, Se; MI = Cu, Ag; compostos 7 11), com potencial aplicação como semicondutores ou fotocatalisadores. Na primeira parte, compostos bimetálicos do tipo Br3InCH2E(R)(CH2)nE(R)CH2InBr3 são obtidos quando n = 3, E = Se, Te e R = Ph, p-C6H4NMe2 (compostos 1, 3 e 6). Já quando n = 1, são obtidos compostos com apenas um átomo de InIII, Br3InCH2E(Ph)CH2EPh (compostos 2 e 4); e também o composto bimetálico Br3InCH2Te(Ph)CH2Te(Ph)CH2InBr3 (5). Os compostos 1 6 foram caracterizados por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear do calcogênio correspondente e por Espectrometria de Massas. Na segunda parte, os clusters ternários InIII-E-MI (E = S, Se, MI = Cu, Ag) são obtidos a partir de calcogenolatos de índio(III): In(EPh)3 (compostos 7 10) ou BrIn(p-SeC6H4NMe2)2 (composto 11). Os compostos 7 a 11 foram caracterizados por difração de raios X em monocristal, Espectroscopia Vibracional na região do Infravermelho e tiveram seus band gaps óticos avaliados, no estado sólido, através de Espectroscopia Ultravioleta/Visível. Por fim, o composto 9 foi utilizado como agente sensibilizador do TiO2 e testado como fotocatalisador da fotólise da água utilizando a luz visível para geração de hidrogênio. A sensibilização do TiO2 com o composto 9 aumentou consideravelmente a produção de H2 quando comparada a utilização do TiO2 puro nas condições estudadas.
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Construction d’une identité argentine dans les paroles de tango : genèse et formes contemporaines / Construction of an argentinean identity in tango lyrics : genesis and contemporary formRodriguez, Gabriela Constanza 21 September 2011 (has links)
En Argentine et à l’étranger, le tango inspire un engouement croissant depuis un peu plus de dix ans. Mais lorsqu’on fait référence au tango on omet souvent que l’on désigne en fait un ensemble complexe d’expressions artistiques populaires –musique, danse et paroles chantées– qui mettent en scène une identité argentine. Les identités sont en effet le résultat de constructions discursives –informées par les discours sociaux sur les rapports de classe, de race et de sexe- qui se manifestent et font l’objet d’une reformulation constante dans les objets culturels. L’objectif consiste à comprendre comment une identité est véhiculée dans le tango et à identifier les discours sociaux qui l’ont construite selon des modalités singulières en fonction des époques. Pour ce faire, nous travaillerons à partir du corpus des refrains et des strophes constitué par l’ethnologue Robert Lehmann-Nitsche dans son ouvrage Textos Eróticos del Río de la Plata, ainsi que à partir des paroles de tango publiées entre 1900 et 1935, période qui correspond à deux étapes fondamentales : la Guardia Vieja et la Guardia Nueva. L’étude de l’œuvre poétique du groupe Gotan Project et de l’œuvre picturale surréaliste du peintre argentin Juan Carlos Liberti compléteront notre corpus à partir des formes contemporaines.Dans le premier volet de l’étude, il s’agira d’analyser la définition institutionnelle du tango à partir de l’étude du discours des historiens cosignataires de la demande d’inscription du tango dans le répertoire des objets culturels faisant partie du patrimoine immatériel universel auprès de l’Unesco. Dans la deuxième partie, nous questionnerons les luttes symboliques au principe des périodisations à l’œuvre dans l’histoire du tango. Un retour sur les premiers tangos recueillis par Lehmann-Nitsche, dont les thématiques sont associées aux maisons closes, qualifiés de « préhistoriques », et de ce fait marginalisées par la critique, nous permettra de rétablir les origines populaires du tango. / In Argentina and abroad, tango has known an increasing popularity over the last ten years. However, we often overlook the fact that tango is a term referring to a complex structure of popular artistic expressions, i.e. music, dancing and lyrics, forming an Argentinean identity. Indeed, identities are constantly shaped by relationships influenced by social classes, races and gender. Those discursive constructions offer a constant re-interpretation of cultural objects. The aim of our analysis consists in comprehending how an identity is reflected in tango and how to identify the social discourses which have built the tango along different periods and according to particular modalities. To answer to those questions, we will refer to the corpus of choruses and strophes constituted by the ethnologist Robert Lehmann-Nitsche in his book Textos Eroticos del Rio de la Plata as well as tango lyrics published between 1900 and 1935. This period corresponds to two stages of the evolution of tango referred to by musicians as the Guardia Vieja and the Guardia Nueva. The study of the poetic work of the Gotan Project group and of the pictorial work of the Argentinean surrealist painter Juan Carlos Liberti will complete our corpus of cultural objects of the contemporary era. In the first part of the study, we analyze the institutional definition of tango based on the study of the discourse of historians who signed the request to UNESCO for the inclusion of tango among cultural objects belonging to the universal immaterial heritage. In this part, we will shed light on the stakes associated to the definition of tango and expose our current critique on the subject. In the second part, we will question the symbolic struggles which are at the root of the different chapters making up tango’s history. A look back on the first tangos gathered by Lehmann-Nitsche—whose themes are brothels, qualified as ‘prehistoric’ and as such, marginalized by critics—will allow us to re-establish the popular origins of tango
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Regional Inequality of Education in GhanaAdumpo, Emile Akangoa 03 December 2020 (has links)
Bildung ist ein Instrument, das zur Bekämpfung von Armut, Ungleichheit und sozialer Ausgrenzung in jeder Gesellschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Für eine nachhaltige und ganzheitliche nationale Entwicklung ist daher eine gerechte Verteilung der Bildungsressourcen unter den Menschen erforderlich. Dies ist jedoch nicht immer ohne Weiteres zu erreichen, insbesondere in Afrika, wo der Kolonialismus in vielen Ländern teilweise zu einer ungleichen Entwicklung unter den Menschen geführt hat. Schon bald nach der Eingliederung der Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (heute Ghana) in die Kolonialherrschaft vernachlässigte die Bildungspolitik der Kolonialisten den nördlichen Teil des Landes.
Obwohl es einige Studien zum Kolonialismus in Afrika im Allgemeinen gibt, wurde nur wenig darüber berichtet, welche Rolle er bei der Schaffung eines ungleichen Bildungswesens spielte. Auch die Auswirkungen von aktiven Förderungsmaßnahmen, die zur Überbrückung der Kluft zwischen dem Nord-Süd-Gefälle in Ghana eingeführt wurden. Die wichtigsten Fragen, die diese Studie daher zu beantworten versucht, sind die Folgenden: Was waren die kolonialen Begegnungen mit dem Norden Ghanas, die die Unterentwicklung des Bildungswesens in der Region bewirkten? Wie überbrücken die aktiven Förderungsmaßnahmen bzw. die positive Diskriminierung die Kluft zwischen dem Norden und dem Süden des Landes?
Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde in der Studie ein methodengemischter Ansatz verwendet, bei dem Tiefeninterviews, Q-Methoden, Dokumentenanalyse und Beobachtung als Datenerhebungsmethoden Einsatz fanden. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Kolonialisten eine bewusste Strategie verfolgten, den Norden zu einer Reserve ungelernter Arbeitskräfte zu machen, was erklärt, warum sie dort anfangs nur wenige Schulen bauten. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen darüber hinaus, dass die positive Diskriminierung die Nord-Süd-Lücke nicht wie erwartet schließt. So kommt man zu dem Schluss, dass die Ausbeutung weitesgehend für die Unterentwicklung des Bildungswesens in Nordghana verantwortlich ist. / Education is a tool that can be used to fight poverty, inequality, and social exclusion in every given society. Thus, for a sustainable and holistic national development, there is the need for an equitable distribution of educational resources among the people. This is however hardly achievable, especially in Africa where colonialism has partly brought about unequal development among the people in many countries. Soon after the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (now Ghana) was incorporated under colonial rule, the educational policy of the colonialists did not favour the northern part of the country.
Even though, there have been some studies on the colonialism of Africa in general, little has been done regarding the role it played in (re)producing unequal development of education in Africa. Likewise, the impact of an affirmative action instituted to bridge the gap between the north-south divide in Ghana has not been evaluated. The main questions this study thus seek to answer are: What were the colonial encounters with the north that brought about the underdevelopment of education in the area? How is the affirmative action bridging the gap between the north and the south?
To answer the research questions, the study used a mixed-methods approach where in-depth interviews, Q methods, document analysis and observation were adapted as data collection methods. It was revealed that the colonialists adopted a deliberate strategy of making the north an unskilled labour reserve, thus accounting for why they did not build many schools there in the beginning. The findings of the study also show that the effect of the affirmative action has not been able to appreciably contribute to closing the north-south gap as expected. It is concluded that exploitation largely accounted for the underdevelopment of education in northern Ghana.
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Poésie et visuel : domaines américain et européen : Myung Mi Kim, Susan Howe et Anne-Marie Albiach / The visual use of the page in American and European poetry : Myung Mi Kim, Susan Howe and Anne-Marie AlbiachDick, Jennifer Kay 04 June 2009 (has links)
Notre thèse explore les multiples voies proposées par Anne-Marie Albiach, Myung Mi Kim et Susan Howe pour organiser visuellement l’espace de la page. L’usage de la dimension visuelle en poésie ouvre des possibilités que le Verbe a toujours eues : dépeindre, se dédoubler, et produire un écho visuel et sonore. La dimension du voir permet également la création de paradoxes par des juxtapositions d’éléments. Tout cela met en question le statut du langage et du langage poétique. Cette thèse étudie les moyens par lesquels des poésies interpellent leurs lecteurs et continuent à produire des significations qui dépassent par leur multiplicité la formation traditionnelle du sens. Ces œuvres créent des significations que l’on doit voir, et non comprendre, par le biais d’une lecture plurielle de composants [iconographiques, linguistiques, abstraits, sériels]. On prend comme point de départ l’étude des typologies du fragment et illustre comment la discrétion visuelle du fragment est intimement liée au développement de chaque poète. On interroge le rapport du mot à l’image afin de dégager des antécédents des procédés utilisés sur la page. On confirme que ces œuvres emploient des techniques « iconiques », comme le faisaient les calligrammes d’Apollinaire, mais y associent les techniques mallarméennes en étendant la lecture sur plusieurs pages. Les poésies de Howe, d’Albiach et de Kim présentent une synesthésie totale des correspondances entre des formes jusqu’à-là exploitées séparément. Par conséquent, ces œuvres radicalisent la notion de possible poétique en assimilant les techniques de la publicité, de la pop culture, du collage et du montage. / This dissertation explores the diverse ways in which the work of Anne-Marie Albiach, Myung Mi Kim and Susan Howe visually organise the space of the page. The use of poetry’s visual dimension enlarges the traditional possibilities of the Word: to depict, multiply and produce an echo which is simultaneously resonant and visual. Exploiting the gaze also creates paradoxes through the juxtaposition of various elements. All of this calls into question the status of language, and poetic language in particular. This dissertation studies the ways these poets engage their readers as they produce a plurality of meanings which extend far beyond traditional sense-making. These works have significations which need to be seen rather than understood, via a reading process of its multifarious components [iconographic, linguistic, abstract, in series]. This study’s point of departure is the consideration of various types of fragments which illustrate how the fragment’s visual subtlety is intimately linked to each poet’s development. Connections between word and image are closely examined in order to locate the antecedents for the procedures being applied to the page. These works use “iconographic” techniques much as Apollinaire did in his calligrammes, while associating with these Mallarmé’s methods of drawing a poem’s reading out over numerous pages. The poetries of Howe, Albiach and Kim present a synesthesia of correspondences between all the forms which had heretofore been used separately. Consequently, these works radicalize the notion of what is possible in poetry by assimilating advertising, pop culture, collage and montage techniques.
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Sjuksköterskors användning av motiverande samtal med patienter som lever med hjärt- och kärlsjukdom : En litteraturöversikt av kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning / Nurses’ use of motivational interviewing with patients with cardiovascular disease : A literature review of quantitative and qualitative researchKhazrai, Birgit, Olsson, Tilde January 2024 (has links)
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are globally the leading causes of death. In Sweden 2 million people are currently affected. Contemporary society has created the conditions for an epidemic of diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyles. Nurse led motivational interviewing (MI) can be used to implement changes in unhealthy lifestyle habits. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the usability of the method motivational interviewing (MI) in nurses' work with patients with cardiovascular diseases. Method: The chosen method was a literature review of quantitative and qualitative research. In total 5 quantitative and 3 qualitative research articles were analysed. Results: The analyses resulted in two themes and six subthemes. First theme was The importance of a good collaboration with subthemes A mutual interaction, To include employers and relatives and The benefits of good alliance. Second theme was Challenges for a successful treatment with subthemes Lack of time, Lack of knowledge and Influence of internal resistance. Conclusion: Usability of MI with patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease has been described. Challenges related to relevance of MI has been emphasised. Results of this study indicated that nurse led MI can have positive effects on multiple aspects of selfcare, lifestyle habits and wellbeing. / I Sverige lever cirka två miljoner människor med hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar vilket också är den vanligaste orsaken till förtida död. Sjuksköterskor som specialister inom omvårdnad kommer att möta många patienter som behöver stöd i samband med hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Att lindra lidande, förebygga sjukdom, återställa samt främja hälsa är de fyra omvårdnadensmålen. Motiverande samtal (MI) kan användas av exempelvis sjuksköterskor. Detta är en effektiv metod som kan bidra till positiva resultat vid olika hälsorelaterade problem och sjukdomar såsom diabetes, psykisk ohälsa och missbruk. MI är en samtalsmetod där individens motivation stärks och personen själv blir medveten om de hälsorelaterade förändringar som borde göras.Syftet med studien var att beskriva användbarhet av metoden motiverande samtal i sjuksköterskors arbete med patienter med hjärt- och kärlsjukdom. En litteraturöversikt av kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning av åtta vetenskapliga studier genomfördes. Detta innebär att analys av två olika typer av forskning förenades och ett nytt resultat skapades. Resultatet av denna studie visade att MI hade en positiv påverkan på patienternas egenvård och levnadsvanor. Patienter upplevde ett ökat välbefinnande i samband med sjuksköterskeledd MI. Det visade sig att en god samverkan mellan individer inkluderade i MI processen ökade chansen för positiva resultat. Dessutom beskrevs utmaningar som kan uppstå vid användandet av metoden som tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist. Resultatet av studien kan bidra till ökad kunskap inom området, vilket kan ge nytta för samhället där många lever med hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, som antingen är orsakade eller påverkade av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Resultatet kan ses sombetydelsefullt för sjuksköterskor som kommer att träffa många patienter som söker vård relaterad till hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar. Förutom potentialen att påverka hälsan positivt på individnivån, kan MI vara ett hälsofrämjande verktyg i sjuksköterskans verktygslåda som kan gynna folkhälsan. Dessutom kan MI i framtiden vara en kostnadseffektiv metod för samhället.Sammanfattningsvis kan MI bidra med flera positiva aspekter för svenska samhället om de rätta förutsättningarna för sjuksköterskor och patienter finns. Den här studien bidrar till ökad förståelse och kunskap i de olika aspekter som krävs för att MI ska fungera optimalt.
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Associations Between Cardiac Troponin, Mechanism of Myocardial Injury, and Long-Term Mortality After Non-Cardiac Vascular SurgeryReed, Grant William 02 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Nrf2: A Candidate Therapeutic Target to Dampen Oxidative Stress in Acute Myocardial InfarctionMaltagliati, Anthony, Maltagliati, Anthony January 2016 (has links)
This literature review posits that the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is an attractive candidate therapeutic target in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This transcription factor binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in the promoter region of a battery of genes that collectively encode an array of antioxidant, phase II drug metabolism, metabolically stabilizing, and overall cytoprotective enzymes, facilitating their transcription at basal levels and increasing transcription in response to various cellular stressors. Following a brief background tutorial on normal cardiac myocyte cellular physiology, key events that occur early in ischemia and reperfusion are outlined and integrated. These include ionic and metabolic dysregulation, electron transport chain uncoupling, mitochondrial depolarization, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Abrupt changes in response to ischemia prime opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and cardiac myocytes to generate a burst of ROS upon reperfusion–two key events that contribute to the umbrella term ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). How ROS damage cells is then outlined, and through a ROS-centric viewpoint, a case will be made as to how exogenous upregulation of Nrf2 could protect and/or salvage at-risk tissue immediately subjected to infarction and neighboring tissue in the peri-infarct zone (PIZ). The history of how Nrf2 came to be known as the "master regulator of oxidative stress" is reviewed, as well as the discovery of the canonical mechanism of Nrf2 regulation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and other alternative mechanisms of endogenous Nrf2 regulation. Finally, compiling interdisciplinary evidence from research publications around the world, the benefits of therapeutically targeting Nrf2 are considered given the timescale and context of acute MI. Drug delivery methods, potential challenges, and limitations are then considered. Cardiac tissue is a dynamic substrate that exhibits changes for up to 90 days after AMI and patient outcomes are directly related to the extent of tissue lost following infarction/reperfusion. Targeting Nrf2 addresses an unmet need, as current clinical therapies focus on precluding occlusions and prompt reperfusion of infarcted tissue, but do not explicitly target at-risk tissue following infarcts and/or present-day reperfusion methodologies.
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