M.A. / South Africa is a multiracial and multicultural society, and the diversity of languages reflect a complex and differentiated nation. This investigative study attempts to show how South Africans from different cultural and linguistic groups experience the humour in the Madam & Eve comic strips and whether, to some extent, they share a common sense of humour. The study starts with an investigation into the relationship between culture and language through the Sapir and Whorf hypothesis. Furthermore the study discusses the relationship between culture, language and humour to show that humour is in many instances culture specific. In culture-specific humour, the humour tends to be at the cost of people from a different cultural group; thus “we” can laugh at “them”. The study also defines humour and investigates the working of humour through the superiority theory, the relief theory and the incongruence theory. The discussion shows that participants in humour need to share the right context and knowledge before they can enjoy the humour. The study looks at comic strips as a genre and how humour operates in comic strips. The investigation also discusses the background on and the characters in the Madam & Eve comic strips. The discussion shows the humour in the Madam & Eve comic strips depicts social issues, racial relationships, especially the relationship between the white Madam, her elderly mother and the black Eve, crime in South Africa and politics. An empirical survey serves as the vehicle to investigate how respondents from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds experience the humour in Madam & Eve. The different examples were chosen to see if respondents experienced certain types of humour depicted in the comic strips in a negative way. The study includes analysis of the different racial and linguistic groups’ experience of the humour depicted in the comic strips included in the questionnaire to show differences in different groups’ experiences. Although some of the respondents took a more neutral stance to some of the ethnic humour depicted in Madam & Eve, generally speaking the respondents experienced the humour depicted in the comic strips in a positive way.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-09T13:57:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AplicacaoMetodosGeofisicos.pdf: 2736284 bytes, checksum: 597cfcb9d8560e5f4ec97341600032c1 (MD5) / Rejected by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br), reason: Definir palavras-chave on 2014-08-06T16:14:58Z (GMT) / Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-08-08T15:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AplicacaoMetodosGeofisicos.pdf: 2736284 bytes, checksum: 597cfcb9d8560e5f4ec97341600032c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-19T14:32:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AplicacaoMetodosGeofisicos.pdf: 2736284 bytes, checksum: 597cfcb9d8560e5f4ec97341600032c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-19T14:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AplicacaoMetodosGeofisicos.pdf: 2736284 bytes, checksum: 597cfcb9d8560e5f4ec97341600032c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / MADAM - Programa de Manejo e Dinâmica de Áreas de Manguezais / Esta dissertação mostra a aplicação de métodos geofísicos na determinação das unidades sedimentares da Planície Costeira Bragantina, que estão sendo estudados no Programa de Manejo e Dinâmica de Manguezais-MADAM (Mangrove Dynamics and Management). A finalidade deste trabalho é testar a metodologia geofísica no ambiente costeiro, visando auxiliar o mapeamento geológico e o entendimento da evolução estratigráfica holocênica da Planície Costeira Bragantina. Na realização deste trabalho, foram aplicados em diferentes unidades morfoestratigráficas da área de estudo: (a) o método convencional da eletrorresistividade através de sondagens elétricas verticais, usando o arranjo Schlumberger e (b) o método eletromagnético slingram (Horizontal Loop Eletromagnetic), com oito freqüências. Com as sondagens elétricas verticais determinaram-se os valores de resistividade em subsuperfície para os diferentes horizontes, correlacionando-os sempre que possível com as informações geológicas disponíveis. Em geral, os resultados obtidos com as sondagens elétricas não foram muito satisfatórios em termos das profundidades investigadas pelo fato do ambiente estudado ser muito condutivo, dificultando a penetração de corrente elétrica e contribuindo para que a profundidade de investigação fosse baixa. A aplicação do método eletromagnético mostrou-se mais simples e rápido do que as sondagens elétricas. A interpretação dos dados obtidos com esse método, realizada através da análise de perfis de medidas e de sondagens eletromagnéticas, permitiu inferir contatos laterais e estabelecer assinaturas geofísicas para os depósitos da planície costeira. / This thesis shows the application of geophysical methodology on several deposition environments of the Planície Costeira Bragantina (Bragantina Coastal Plain), which are being studied in the Mangrove Dynamics and Management (MADAM) Project. The aim of the work was to test geophysics on coastal deposition environment to help the geological understanding of the recent stratigraphic evolution of the Bragantina Coastal Plain. Geophysical measurements were carried out on several morpho-stratigraphic geological units using: (a) the conventional dc resistivity method, through Schlumberger vertical sounding, and (b) the slingram horizontal loop electromagnetic method, with measurements taken for eight frequencies. Vertical electric soundings allowed to know the resistivity distribution in subsurface. The resistivity models could be correlated to geology, but the results were not satisfactory for the depth of investigation as a result of the environment high condutivity. The electromagmetic method was easier and quicker to apply than the resistivity method. Electromagnetic data were analized in profiles and in electromagnetic soudings. The data allowed to stablish geological contacts and geophysical signatures for the coastal deposits of the area.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This dissertation employs a historical approach to the philanthropic activities of Madam C.J. Walker, an African American female entrepreneur who built an international beauty culture company that employed thousands of people, primarily black women, and generated hundreds of thousands of dollars in annual revenues during the Jim Crow era. The field of philanthropic studies has recognized Walker as a philanthropist, but has not effectively accounted for how her story challenges conventional understandings of philanthropy. I use historical methods and archival research to determine what motivated and constituted Walker’s philanthropic giving to arrive at three main conclusions. First, Walker’s philanthropy can be best understood as emerging out of a moral imagination forged by her experiences as a poor, black, female migrant in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1800s dependent upon a robust philanthropic infrastructure of black civil society institutions and individuals who cared for and mentored her through the most difficult period of her life. Second, she created and operated her company to pursue commercial and philanthropic goals concurrently by improving black women’s personal hygiene and appearance; increasing their access to vocational education, beauty culture careers, and financial independence; and promoting social bonding and activism through associationalism, and, later, fraternal ritual. Third, during her lifetime and through her estate, Walker deployed a diverse array of philanthropic resources to fund African American social service and educational needs in networks with other black women. Her giving positions her philanthropy as simultaneously distinct from the dominant paradigm of wealthy whites and as shared with that of other African Americans. Her approach thus ran counter to the racialized and gendered models of giving by the rich white male and female philanthropists of her era, while being representative of black women’s norms of giving.

68 14 Resumé in English This study is aimed on the image of women as it was perceived by advertising in magazines between 1917 and 1930. The focal points are lexemes: lady, mistress, housewife, a girl, ma'am, miss, household, parent, cook, mother, daughter, child. Their occurrences are statistically processed in the tables according to selected criteria, for example: whether the lexemes are developed by attribute or not. The obtained data are interpreted in the chapters which are divided according to ad focus on three sections: Decoration, Household, Family relationships. The conclusion is based on all of the data created by the image of women as perceived by contemporary advertising compared to what was required of traditional society. The conclusion of the study, including a shift in social values, is supported by a brief comparison of the results of this work, based on knowledge of the study Language image of women in advertising in the late 19th Century (Štumpf, M., RP, Charles University, 2008).