L’analyse des processus de création de l’écrivain américain William Burroughs et de l’artiste brésilien Cildo Meireles construit deux figures exemplaires de l’artiste en tant que sujet politique. Les choix faits par ces deux artistes pendant le processus de réalisation de leurs œuvres déclarent en effet leur position face à la littérature, à l’art et à la réalité. Ils les construisent en tant que sujets-artistes et produisent des rencontres qui (re) configurent l’espace artistique. Ils renouvellent les pratiques de création. Nous étudions ces processus avec pour outils différentes notions théoriques. Outre celle de la politique, qui, selon Jacques Rancière, est le processus de l’égalité ; celle du sujet, définie par Alain Badiou, comme une construction qui se produit quand un événement arrive ; et celle de choix qui, selon Slavoj Zizek, ne laisse pas intacte la subjectivité du sujet. Nous essayons ainsi de définir le caractère politique des choix faits par ces deux artistes et de mettre en évidence l’idée de l’art et de la politique que leurs œuvres mobilisent.Nous étudions le processus de création de Burroughs, de son premier roman jusqu’à la découverte du cut-up et l’écriture de son texte Last Words. Nous analysons le processus de création des œuvres de Meireles : Insertions dans les circuits idéologiques, œuvre qui se constitue dans un processus en marche ; et Le sermon sur la montagne : Fiat lux. Construction d’une situation : transformation d’un espace en une bombe potentielle.Malgré leurs différences, ces œuvres ont une procédure de réalisation similaire, une sorte de travail tabulaire, de collage d’éléments hétérogènes. / The analysis of the creation process of both Americain writer Willam Burroughs and Brazilian artist Cildo Meireles construct two exemplary figures of the artist as political subject. The choices made by these artistes during the process of realization of their works declare indeed their position on literature, art and reality. Their choices construct them as artists-subjects and produce encounters that (re) configure the art space. They renew the creative practices. We study these processes with some theoretical tools: such as the notion of politics which according to Jacques Rancière, is the process of equality; the notion of subject, defined by Alain Badiou as a construction that is produced when an event happens; and the notions of choice which, according to Slavoj Zizek, does not leave intact the subjectivity of the subject. Thus we try to define the political nature of the choices made by these artists and to highlight the idea of art and politics that their works mobilize. We study the process of creation of Burroughs, from his first novel until his discovery of cut-up technique and the writing of his text Last Words. We analyze the process of creation of Meireles’s works: Insertions into Ideological Circuits, a work that is established as a running process and The Sermon on the Mount: Fiat Lux that is the construction of a situation. It is the transformation of a space into a potential bomb. Despite their differences these works have a similar implementations procedures a kind of a tabular work, a collage of heterogeneous elements.

The diploma thesis focuses on local marketing campaign Made in Slovakia, created by international pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline Ltd. The primary aim of this paper is to analyze a evaluate success of the campaign, which was created locally for the Slovak market. This paper is divided into several parts. The theoretical part deals with marketing communication, communication mix and evaluating of the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. The following chapter is focused on the issue of local and global marketing campaigns in connection with marketing communication. The practical part then introduces company GSK Ltd. and marketing campaign Made in Slovakia. The major part describes several phases of its preparation and implementation. Next section is devoted to the success and effectiveness of the campaign, based on sales data and the results of consumer promotion. The final chapter summarizes the key results and solutions of improving this area, especially for creating new GSK marketing campaigns.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_carlos_jair.pdf: 944704 bytes, checksum: e0145c99b747d62b26c6e480a9112c55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / The state is being geared to the control and centralization of society. This attitude has been perpetuated over the absolute, social and liberal state models for maintaining order and power. In absolutism the truth was identified with of the sacredness of the laws. In liberalism the truth was instrumentalized by pure worship of the rationality of the laws. In the welfare state, even with the semantic expansion, the jurisdiction and power remained correlated. In Brazil, the weak representation in political society favored to monism state that favored the face paternalistic and interventionist. With the imbalance social and expansion of social rights was an escalation in the search of legal protection for the restoration of equality. In the same in proportion that cognitive freedom of the judiciary, there was increased demand that triggered the process to discredit the basis of judicial decisions. In contrast, it is found, through statistical data, that the decisions of first instance is more propitious moment for the realization of the principles of cooperative interactions and orality, and therefore the conclusion of the dispute by conciliation procedure. Denying such a stance, there are speeches in favor of legality, which reinforces the double degree of jurisdiction as a constitutional guarantee, and therefore, unremovable, although this understanding is in misalignment franc with the normative interpretation of legal precedents. The practical result of this dissent is that systematic incursions appellate become unviable the unborn principle of efficiency. The model of the syllogism, still applicable in various situations, allowed way to juridical posture amplified and broke the barrier of absolute, assuming the plausible and reasonable. Had establish the conflict between the legality that legitimizes to appellate systematics and the legality of the efficiency and the equity. Issues such as legal defense and wider debate by appellate process commune to the detriment of those, the example of some questions concerning the procedures collegiate as "judgment-list" and also by comparison of procedural small reforms which extending the powers of judge and allowed to effectiveness of judgments. The landscape scene shows the new projection of Legal Institutions for their restoration and resizing. Jurisdiction should be as quick as possible to the truth, but the new model of fair decision is one that is more in the form of detachment from the concept of universalizing, totalizing visions, of the unity and of absolute certainties. The theme is fractal, the open, the plural. From the point of view of the microsystem legal signals to the tendency of the force of precedent. However, part of the jurisdiction, which is one, uncomfortably, has been ruled out of this process. The base jurisdiction, the accuracy of the strong stamp of legality appellate, are not incorporated as an element of composition of conflicting solutions, behold, its decisions are systematically repulsed. The contemporary juridical posture, apanage of a system of rules and criteria weighting diversified, erected by increasingly plural societies, apparently is consistent in more with this intricate cultural process whose philosophical debates travels the supposed succession between Modernity and Postmodernity / O Estado é um ente vocacionado ao controle e centralização da sociedade. Essa postura tem se perpetuado ao longo dos modelos estatais absoluto, liberal e social pela manutenção da ordem e do poder. No absolutismo houve a verdade identificou-se com a acepção da sacralidade das leis. No liberalismo a verdade foi instrumentalizada pela pura adoração à racionalidade das leis. No Estado Social, mesmo com a abertura semântica, a jurisdição e o poder mantiveram- se correlatos. No Brasil a frágil representatividade da sociedade no plano político deu azo ao monismo estatal que favoreceu a face paternalista e intervencionista. Com o desequilíbrio social e a expansão dos direitos sociais ocorreu a escalada em busca da tutela jurisdicional para a restauração da igualdade. Na mesma proporção que se deu a liberdade cognitiva do Judiciário, ocorreu o aumento da demanda recursal que deflagrou o processo de desprestígio das decisões judiciais de base. Em oposição, fica constatado, através de dados estatísticos, que nas decisões de primeira instância ocorre o momento mais propício para a concretização dos princípios da cooperação intersubjetiva e da oralidade, e portanto a conclusão do litígio pelo procedimento conciliatório. Negando tal postura, existem discursos em prol da legalidade que reforça o duplo grau de jurisdição como perfil de garantia constitucional, e portanto, inafastável, embora esse entendimento se encontre em franco desalinhamento com a interpretação normativa e com os precedentes jurisprudenciais. O resultado prático desse dissenso é que as sistemáticas incursões recursais inviabilizam o nascituro princípio da eficiência. O modelo do silogismo, ainda que aplicável em várias situações, cedeu espaço a juridicidade amplificada que rompeu a barreira do absoluto, admitindo-se o verossímil, o razoável. Instaurou-se o embate entre a legalidade que legitima a sistemática recursal e a juridicidade da eficiência e da equidade. Questões aduzidas como a ampla defesa e ampliação do debate pelas vias recursais comungam em desfavor dessas a exemplo de indagações acerca de alguns procedimentos colegiados como julgamentos em lista e, também, pelo cotejo das minirreformas processuais que alargaram os poderes do magistrado e possibilitaram a efetividade das decisões judiciais. O panorama macrossistêmico demonstra a nova projeção das Instituições Jurídicas pela sua revitalização e redimensionamento. A jurisdição deve ser célere e calcada o mais próxima possível da verdade; porém, o novo modelo de decisão justa é aquela que se apresenta mais sob a forma do desapego ao conceito do universalizante, das visões totalizantes, da unidade e das certezas absolutas. O mote é o fractal, o aberto, o plural. No mircossistema jurídico acena-se à tendência da força dos precedentes. Entretanto, parte da jurisdição, que é una, desconfortavelmente, tem sido alijada desse processo. A jurisdição de base, a rigor da forte chancela da legalidade recursal, não se incorpora como elemento de composição das soluções conflituosas, eis que suas decisões são sistematicamente rechaçadas. A juridicidade contemporânea, apanágio de um sistema de regras e critérios de ponderação diversificados, erigidos por sociedades cada vez mais plurais, aparentemente coaduna-se mais com esse intrincado processo cultural cujos debates filosóficos navegam na suposta sucessão entre a Modernidade e a Pós-modernidade

The purpose of this study is to investigate what effect COVID-19 has had on the buyer-supplier relationship (BSR) in the ready-made garment (RMG) supply chain (SC) - focusing mainly on the Bangladeshi supplier point of view, but with a complementary perspective of the buyer. As the area is new and relatively unexplored, there is a gap in previous literature and research. It has not previously been studied how COVID-19 affected the relationship between buyer and supplier in the RMG SC. This study aims to narrow this gap. In this study, a qualitative research strategy was adopted, emphasizing words rather than quantification in the data collection and analysis. An inductive approach was used, starting from collecting data, where theories and literature are proposed towards the end of the research process as a result of interviews. A narrative state of the art review of literature was conducted to provide a comprehensive and unbiased review. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with Bangladeshi supplier managers were conducted over Zoom or Teams. The empirical data were coded in first-order concepts, second-order concepts, and aggregate level through the qualitative research program Nvivo. Four main second-order concepts could be identified from the interviews with the supplier side. The codes and empirical data were then analyzed through a developed analysis model based on the Conceptual Model of Social Capital. The effects that COVID-19 has had on BSR from a Bangladeshi supplier perspective are discussed and presented.

The main objective of master’s thesis is to analyze the European market as a potential market for the expansion of Hamacas RGV. This Colombian company is focused on production of hand-made traditional high-quality products for example hammocks. In the first part are introduced basic theoretical concepts and marketing analyses which are crucial when planning the expansion strategy. Second part starts with the company’s overall overview and continues with analyses of conditions of external and internal European environment as a potential market for Hamacas RGV expansion in the future. The conclusion is made at the end with the recommendations which are built on examined analyses.

Africa is home to more than 40% of the world’s population of internally displaced persons (IDPs).4 IDPs, according to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement5, are persons or groups of persons who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence as a result of – or in order to avoid the effects of – armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, natural disasters or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised state border. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. S Tindifa at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

1 The concept of carpooling, its development and recent comprehension in judicial practice Abstract This thesis focuses on the concept of carpooling, its development and understanding of this concept in commonly spoken and legal language, including the current view of the Czech and European courts. A significant part of the work addresses the legal classification of carpooling. The first part describes the development of carpooling from its inception to the present. In the recent years, carpooling was often associated with the development of modern technology which caused confusion about the exact content of the concept of carpooling. In the second part I analyse carpooling from a linguistic viewpoint, both in terms of commonly used language and from a legal point of view. This also answers the question of whether the content of the concept "carpooling" has possibly changed over time. The third chapter looks at the relationship between carpooling and commercial activity. I try to find out whether any form of carpooling may also have commercial features. I also aim to establish whether there is a certain limit to when an activity can still be considered as carpooling. The fourth chapter discusses the most important case laws in the Czech and European context which deal with the solution of unfair competitive...

The legislative amendment that came into effect in 2003 meant tax free sales of business-related shares. The amendment allows for packaging of real estate in companies where the company's shares are sold tax free. Sale of limited companies is not public information, which posed a problem for property valuers because they no longer have the same access to location-priced data. This study aims to investigate if the property valuation has changed with respect to that information regarding a company transfer of real estate is not public. Ten interviews were conducted to obtain the basis for the study. The interviewees were selected to represent a broad perspective from different parts of the real estate market. It is established that all major property transactions is conducted as corporate transactions resulting in a difficulty for property valuers. Property valuation has become more extensive as the comparable sale is done as corporate transactions. Property valuers spend more time with the information collection and the analysis of comparative sales. Cash flow method and location price method is determined as the most common valuation methods. Cash flow method can sometimes considered a reconstruction after the event and cash flow method can also be seen as a location price method. Property valuers need full information about a transaction to be able to use it as comparison. This leads to the valuers consider themselves to have more knowledge than they can report. Interview responses indicate that transparency has declined due to the fact that the information retrieval has become more difficult. / Den lagändring som trädde i kraft 2003 innebar skattefri försäljning av näringsbetingade andelar. Lagändringen möjliggör paketering av fastigheter i bolag där aktierna i bolaget avyttras skattefritt. Avyttring av aktiebolag är inte offentlig information, vilket har medfört problem för fastighetsvärderare eftersom de inte längre har samma tillgång till ortsprismaterial. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om fastighetsvärdering har förändrats med hänsyn till att information om bolagsöverlåtelse av fastigheter inte är offentligt. Tio intervjuer genomfördes för att erhålla underlaget för studien. Intervjupersonerna valdes ut för att utgöra ett brett perspektiv från olika delar av fastighetsmarknaden. Det kan konstateras att alla större fastighetsaffärer sker som bolagsförvärv vilket medför en svårighet för fastighetsvärderarna. Fastighetsvärdering har blivit mer omfattande i och med att jämförelseobjekten sker som bolagsöverlåtelse. Värderarna lägger ner mer tid på informationsinsamlingen och analysen av jämförelseobjekten. Kassaflödesmetoden och ortsprismetoden fastställs som de vanligaste värderingsmetoderna. Kassaflödesmetoden kan ibland anses vara en efterhandskonstruktion och kassaflödesmetoden kan även ses som en ortsprismetod. Värderarna behöver fullständig information om en affär för att kunna använda den som jämförelseobjekt. Detta leder till att värderarna anser sig ha större kunskap än de kan redovisa. Intervjusvaren tyder på att transparensen har minskat i och med att informationsinhämtningen försvårats.

Among the four dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social, and cultural), it is the latter aspect that is least examined. However, understanding how culture contributes to the long-term sustainability of communities and societies is one key to a holistic understanding of sustainability itself, and further how it can impact the textile in different cultures. This project is based on understanding cultural influence when practice is moved from one place to another. As traditional artisans struggle with addressing the consequences of economic issues and finding new models of conducting their temporal business, their very existence and preservation contribute to the long-term sustainability of communities and societies as a whole. This project is taken further by following two approaches: first, to understand the values and ideals embedded in traditional textile which contributes to the textile industry and serves as the foundation of long-term survival; second, by acting ‘culturally sustainable,’ to ensure its endurance, thus vouching for safe interests of future generations. The project presents a perspective of a traditional practice moving from India to Sweden as a craft practice instead of a business opportunity to produce functional products. It investigates what happens to an Indian practice when it merges with the aesthetics of Swedish craft and culture. This paper puts light on the fact that eastern crafts are led by western designers and associations for its globalisation into industries. However, it is followed by the negative impact in the form of the exploitation of artisans and the loss of tradition in traditional crafts in this process. Also leading to singularity in craft all over world losing the cultural value. This practice-based research brings the two cultures (Indian and Swedish) and their traditional practices together in one work, presenting the influence of it on each other and presenting my perspective on these cultures being part of both without losing the cultural value and leading to the evolution of traditional practice.

Following the banning of imported textiles, the Government of Rwanda introduced the “Made in Rwanda” policy in 2015 to encourage local domestic markets and the citizens of the country to buy Rwandan-made products. This thesis evaluates the impact of the import restrictions or the “Made in Rwanda” policy on the Rwandan people so far. An exploratory study on the Rwandan fashion and textile industries is portrayed to understand potential stakeholders’ perspectives overshadowing the growth of local domestic businesses. A literature review of the textile industry in the African context was conducted before gathering five interview participants to participate in the study. Two fashion houses, one apparel manufacturing company, and two local tailors were interviewed for this study. A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) was used to analyze the data collected during the interviews. The findings of this thesis show that the end of secondhand clothing has resulted in people not being able to afford Rwandan-made garments. “Made in Rwanda” textiles are perceived as not affordable for everyone and have bad quality. Furthermore, this thesis opens the conversation about the new activities of Chinese firms relocating to Rwanda for a transfer of knowledge and technologies, but this perception could be misguided. This thesis thus seeks to start a conversation on identifying areas from improvements in the policy and challenges faced by local markets and consumer activity in the industry after the introduction of the import restriction.