Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-03-14T11:01:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1667774 bytes, checksum: a1cbcd0cc1efabe74b83c8c14b983d08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T11:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1667774 bytes, checksum: a1cbcd0cc1efabe74b83c8c14b983d08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / This study had the proposal the development of relationship manual between magistrates and the media.The main objective came from the practical experience in press office with the magistrates of the Tribunal Regional do Trabalho – PB (TRT-PB), where it were identified many difficulties and misunderstandings in the relationship with the media. From the discussion of a theoretical framework that includes journalism, language, Media Training, spokesperson and competences, it was possible to outline a multifaceted approach to build the manual. Regarding the research methodology, this work is defined as an exploratory research, qualitative and applied purpose, because it proposes solving an identified problem in a specific context, in this case, the relationship of the TRT judges with the media. The proposed manual was fully prepared, and thus, it is believed that it is an important instrument of knowledge, helping to build new competences for magistrates, and consequently represents a social contribution by providing improvements in the availability of information through of media communications. / Este trabalho teve como proposta a elaboração de um manual de relacionamento com a imprensa para magistrados. O objetivo surgiu a partir da experiência prática em assessoria de comunicação junto aos magistrados do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho – PB (TRT-PB), em que foram identificadas muitas dificuldades e equívocos no relacionamento com a mídia. A partir da discussão de um referencial teórico que engloba jornalismo, linguagem, Media Training, porta-vozes e competências, foi possível delinear uma abordagem multifacetada para a construção do referido manual. Em relação à metodologia do trabalho, define-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, de ordem qualitativa e de finalidade aplicada, pois propõe a resolução de um problema identificado em um contexto específico, neste caso, a relação dos magistrados do TRT com a imprensa. O manual proposto foi plenamente elaborado, e, com isto, acredita-se que ele é um importante instrumento de conhecimento, auxiliando a construção de novas competências para os magistrados, e, consequentemente, representa uma contribuição social por oferecer informações específicas sobre a dinâmica do jornalismo.

Cette thèse cherche à discuter les indicatifs de santé auprès du collectif des magistrats du Tribunal Régional du Travail de la 4ème Région,du Rio Grande do Sul réalisée avec des juges de première et de seconde instance considérant l'organisation du travail. Les objectifs spécifiques sont ceux de caractériser la structure de l'organisation du travail du collectif des magistrats, de présenter et mettre en analyse des aspects qui décrivent la subjectivité des magistrats; comprendre la dynamique des rapports et du collectif des magistrats et de proposer des stratégies de construction de santé ayant comme départ la Psychodynamique du Travail. L’apport théorique méthodologique a été la Clinique de la Coopération, de Cristophe Dejours,respectant les étapes de la prérecherche,de la recherche proprement dite et de la validation. Les données ont été obtenues par les 22 entretiens initiaux faits à de différents secteurs; les 20 interviews individuelles avec l'application de l'Inventaire de Risques de Souffrance Pathogène dans le Travail (IRIS), et des 12 scéances collectives réalisées entre Porto Alegre et Caxias do Sul,avec des procureurs substituts,des juges et des juges conseillers. Cette clinique a été construite le long des rencontres selon la disponibilité du collectif avec la préoccupation de comprendre les forces produites par les nouvelles stratégies issues de la technologie virtuelle,plus précisement, du PJE, qui a beaucoup modifié les processus de travail.La description détaillée de la pratique clinique dans toutes les étapes et phases de son parcours s’y trouvent,démontrant les choix et les stratégies réels de la recherche. L’étude a une approche mixte,ayant une emphase qualitative,ce qui est cohérent à l’intention de comprendre l’importance du travail dans une institution marquée par le prescrit des lois,par l’ancienneté et la hiérarchie,dans la subjectivité des travailleurs. On a remarqué que les magistrats se trouvent dans une phase d’adaptation par rapport à l’emploi du Procès Judiciaire Électronique,une fois que la quantité de travail a beaucoup augmenté,apportant des conséquences à la santé physique et psychique, voire au fonctionnement des collectifs.L’ample écoute faite à ce propos, a mis en évidence que la souffrance est inhérente à l’acte de travailler,car, elle met les magistrats en face de la réalité de son travail journalier. On a constaté l’emploi de stratégies de défense,telles que la rationalisation,la négation,l’éloignement,l’ironie et l’hyper-accéleration,faisant ressortir les indicatifs de santé employés qui doivent être mieux structurés et devenir plus puissants dans lecollectif,afin de se transformer en stratégies de santé,comme le travail en collectivité,les échanges produites,les pores.Il faut créer des endroits spécifiques aux discussions légales et que permettent le mélange des “ cendres, pour rendre plus démocratique les rapports de travail parmi les instances et les travailleurs,produisant plus de puissance et de santé dans les collectifs de travail. / Esta tese busca discutir indicativos de saúde no coletivo dos magistrados do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região, do Rio Grande do Sul, realizada com juízes de primeira e de segunda instância, considerando a organização do trabalho. Os objetivos específicos são caracterizar a estrutura da organização do trabalho do coletivo de magistrados; apresentar e colocar em análise aspectos que descrevam a subjetividade dos magistrados; compreender a dinâmica das relações e do coletivo de magistrados; e, propor estratégias de construção de saúde a partir da psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O aporte teórico metodológico foi a Clínica da Cooperação, de Christophe Dejours, respeitando as etapas da pré-pesquisa, pesquisa propriamente dita e validação. Os dados foram obtidos através de 22 entrevistas iniciais a diferentes setores, 20 entrevistas individuais com aplicação do Inventário de Riscos de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho (IRIS) e 12 sessões coletivas realizadas entre Porto Alegre e Caxias do Sul, com juízes substitutos, titulares e desembargadores. Esta foi uma clínica que foi construída ao longo dos encontros, seguindo o fluxo da mobilização do coletivo com a preocupação de compreender as forças produzidas pelas novas estratégias de gestão advindas da tecnologia virtual, mais especificamente do PJE, que alterou significativamente os processos de trabalho. Permeia este estudo a descrição pormenorizada da prática clínica em todas as etapas e fases do percurso no campo, ilustrando as escolhas e estratégias do real da pesquisa. O estudo possui abordagem mista, com ênfase qualitativa, o que é coerente à intenção de entender as implicações do trabalho em uma instituição marcada pelo prescrito das leis, pela antiguidade e hierarquia, na subjetividade dos trabalhadores. Percebeu-se que os magistrados se encontram em um espaço de transição em relação a utilização do Processo Judicial Eletrônico, que exacerbou o volume de trabalho, o que está trazendo implicações na saúde física e psíquica e no funcionamento dos coletivos. A ampla escuta realizada sobre o trabalho evidenciou que o sofrimento é inerente ao trabalhar, uma vez que leva os magistrados a se depararem com o real do trabalho no seu cotidiano. Constatou-se a utilização de estratégias de defesa como a racionalização, negação, distanciamento, ironia e hiperaceleração; destacando-se os indicativos de saúde utilizados, que necessitam ser mais bem estruturados e potencializados no coletivo no sentido de se transformarem em Estratégias de saúde, tais como, o trabalho em colegiado, as trocas produzidas, os poros. É necessária a operacionalização de espaços de discussão legítimos que propiciem a mistura das “cinzas”, democratizando as relações de trabalho entre as instâncias e entre os servidores, produzindo mais potência e saúde nos coletivos de trabalho. / This thesis discusses health indicatives, in the collective of the judges of the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region of Rio Grande do Sul, held with judges of first and second instance, considering the organization of work. The specific objectives are to characterize the structure of the organization of the work of the collective of judges; presenting and put into analysis, aspects describing the subjectivity of judges; understand the dynamics of relationships and the collective of judges; and propose health building strategies as from the Psychodynamics of work. The methodological theoretical support was the Clinic for Cooperation, Christophe Dejours, respecting the stages of pre-research, research itself and validation. Data were obtained through 22 initial interviews to different sectors, 20 individual interviews with application of Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work (IRIS) and 12 group sessions held between Porto Alegre and Caxias do Sul, with substitute judges, holders and chief judges. This was a clinic that was built along the meetings, following the flow of the collective's mobilization with the concern to understand the forces produced by the new management strategies arising from virtual technology, specifically the PJE, which significantly altered work processes. This study is permeated by a detailed description of clinical practice at all stages and phases of the route in the field, illustrating the choices and strategies of the real of research. The study has mixed approach with a qualitative emphasis, which is coherent to the intention to understand the implications of working in an institution marked by prescribed of the laws, by the antiquity and hierarchy, the subjectivity of workers. It was noticed that the judges are in a transitional space regarding the utilization of the Electronic Judicial Process, which exacerbated the workload, which is bringing implications for physical and mental health and functioning of the collectives. The wide listening carried on the work showed that suffering is inherent in the work, since it leads the magistrates confront with the real work in their daily lives. It was verified the use of defense strategies such as rationalization, denial, detachment, irony and hyper-acceleration; highlighting the health Indicatives used which need to be better structured and potentialized in the collective in the sense of becoming health strategies such as work collegially, the changes produced, the pores. It is necessary to the operationalization of legitimate discussion spaces that provide a mixture of "ashes" democratizing the working relationships between the instances and between servers, producing more power and health in the work collectives.

Cette thèse cherche à discuter les indicatifs de santé auprès du collectif des magistrats du Tribunal Régional du Travail de la 4ème Région,du Rio Grande do Sul réalisée avec des juges de première et de seconde instance considérant l'organisation du travail. Les objectifs spécifiques sont ceux de caractériser la structure de l'organisation du travail du collectif des magistrats, de présenter et mettre en analyse des aspects qui décrivent la subjectivité des magistrats; comprendre la dynamique des rapports et du collectif des magistrats et de proposer des stratégies de construction de santé ayant comme départ la Psychodynamique du Travail. L’apport théorique méthodologique a été la Clinique de la Coopération, de Cristophe Dejours,respectant les étapes de la prérecherche,de la recherche proprement dite et de la validation. Les données ont été obtenues par les 22 entretiens initiaux faits à de différents secteurs; les 20 interviews individuelles avec l'application de l'Inventaire de Risques de Souffrance Pathogène dans le Travail (IRIS), et des 12 scéances collectives réalisées entre Porto Alegre et Caxias do Sul,avec des procureurs substituts,des juges et des juges conseillers. Cette clinique a été construite le long des rencontres selon la disponibilité du collectif avec la préoccupation de comprendre les forces produites par les nouvelles stratégies issues de la technologie virtuelle,plus précisement, du PJE, qui a beaucoup modifié les processus de travail.La description détaillée de la pratique clinique dans toutes les étapes et phases de son parcours s’y trouvent,démontrant les choix et les stratégies réels de la recherche. L’étude a une approche mixte,ayant une emphase qualitative,ce qui est cohérent à l’intention de comprendre l’importance du travail dans une institution marquée par le prescrit des lois,par l’ancienneté et la hiérarchie,dans la subjectivité des travailleurs. On a remarqué que les magistrats se trouvent dans une phase d’adaptation par rapport à l’emploi du Procès Judiciaire Électronique,une fois que la quantité de travail a beaucoup augmenté,apportant des conséquences à la santé physique et psychique, voire au fonctionnement des collectifs.L’ample écoute faite à ce propos, a mis en évidence que la souffrance est inhérente à l’acte de travailler,car, elle met les magistrats en face de la réalité de son travail journalier. On a constaté l’emploi de stratégies de défense,telles que la rationalisation,la négation,l’éloignement,l’ironie et l’hyper-accéleration,faisant ressortir les indicatifs de santé employés qui doivent être mieux structurés et devenir plus puissants dans lecollectif,afin de se transformer en stratégies de santé,comme le travail en collectivité,les échanges produites,les pores.Il faut créer des endroits spécifiques aux discussions légales et que permettent le mélange des “ cendres, pour rendre plus démocratique les rapports de travail parmi les instances et les travailleurs,produisant plus de puissance et de santé dans les collectifs de travail. / Esta tese busca discutir indicativos de saúde no coletivo dos magistrados do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região, do Rio Grande do Sul, realizada com juízes de primeira e de segunda instância, considerando a organização do trabalho. Os objetivos específicos são caracterizar a estrutura da organização do trabalho do coletivo de magistrados; apresentar e colocar em análise aspectos que descrevam a subjetividade dos magistrados; compreender a dinâmica das relações e do coletivo de magistrados; e, propor estratégias de construção de saúde a partir da psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O aporte teórico metodológico foi a Clínica da Cooperação, de Christophe Dejours, respeitando as etapas da pré-pesquisa, pesquisa propriamente dita e validação. Os dados foram obtidos através de 22 entrevistas iniciais a diferentes setores, 20 entrevistas individuais com aplicação do Inventário de Riscos de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho (IRIS) e 12 sessões coletivas realizadas entre Porto Alegre e Caxias do Sul, com juízes substitutos, titulares e desembargadores. Esta foi uma clínica que foi construída ao longo dos encontros, seguindo o fluxo da mobilização do coletivo com a preocupação de compreender as forças produzidas pelas novas estratégias de gestão advindas da tecnologia virtual, mais especificamente do PJE, que alterou significativamente os processos de trabalho. Permeia este estudo a descrição pormenorizada da prática clínica em todas as etapas e fases do percurso no campo, ilustrando as escolhas e estratégias do real da pesquisa. O estudo possui abordagem mista, com ênfase qualitativa, o que é coerente à intenção de entender as implicações do trabalho em uma instituição marcada pelo prescrito das leis, pela antiguidade e hierarquia, na subjetividade dos trabalhadores. Percebeu-se que os magistrados se encontram em um espaço de transição em relação a utilização do Processo Judicial Eletrônico, que exacerbou o volume de trabalho, o que está trazendo implicações na saúde física e psíquica e no funcionamento dos coletivos. A ampla escuta realizada sobre o trabalho evidenciou que o sofrimento é inerente ao trabalhar, uma vez que leva os magistrados a se depararem com o real do trabalho no seu cotidiano. Constatou-se a utilização de estratégias de defesa como a racionalização, negação, distanciamento, ironia e hiperaceleração; destacando-se os indicativos de saúde utilizados, que necessitam ser mais bem estruturados e potencializados no coletivo no sentido de se transformarem em Estratégias de saúde, tais como, o trabalho em colegiado, as trocas produzidas, os poros. É necessária a operacionalização de espaços de discussão legítimos que propiciem a mistura das “cinzas”, democratizando as relações de trabalho entre as instâncias e entre os servidores, produzindo mais potência e saúde nos coletivos de trabalho. / This thesis discusses health indicatives, in the collective of the judges of the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region of Rio Grande do Sul, held with judges of first and second instance, considering the organization of work. The specific objectives are to characterize the structure of the organization of the work of the collective of judges; presenting and put into analysis, aspects describing the subjectivity of judges; understand the dynamics of relationships and the collective of judges; and propose health building strategies as from the Psychodynamics of work. The methodological theoretical support was the Clinic for Cooperation, Christophe Dejours, respecting the stages of pre-research, research itself and validation. Data were obtained through 22 initial interviews to different sectors, 20 individual interviews with application of Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work (IRIS) and 12 group sessions held between Porto Alegre and Caxias do Sul, with substitute judges, holders and chief judges. This was a clinic that was built along the meetings, following the flow of the collective's mobilization with the concern to understand the forces produced by the new management strategies arising from virtual technology, specifically the PJE, which significantly altered work processes. This study is permeated by a detailed description of clinical practice at all stages and phases of the route in the field, illustrating the choices and strategies of the real of research. The study has mixed approach with a qualitative emphasis, which is coherent to the intention to understand the implications of working in an institution marked by prescribed of the laws, by the antiquity and hierarchy, the subjectivity of workers. It was noticed that the judges are in a transitional space regarding the utilization of the Electronic Judicial Process, which exacerbated the workload, which is bringing implications for physical and mental health and functioning of the collectives. The wide listening carried on the work showed that suffering is inherent in the work, since it leads the magistrates confront with the real work in their daily lives. It was verified the use of defense strategies such as rationalization, denial, detachment, irony and hyper-acceleration; highlighting the health Indicatives used which need to be better structured and potentialized in the collective in the sense of becoming health strategies such as work collegially, the changes produced, the pores. It is necessary to the operationalization of legitimate discussion spaces that provide a mixture of "ashes" democratizing the working relationships between the instances and between servers, producing more power and health in the work collectives.

Cette thèse cherche à discuter les indicatifs de santé auprès du collectif des magistrats du Tribunal Régional du Travail de la 4ème Région,du Rio Grande do Sul réalisée avec des juges de première et de seconde instance considérant l'organisation du travail. Les objectifs spécifiques sont ceux de caractériser la structure de l'organisation du travail du collectif des magistrats, de présenter et mettre en analyse des aspects qui décrivent la subjectivité des magistrats; comprendre la dynamique des rapports et du collectif des magistrats et de proposer des stratégies de construction de santé ayant comme départ la Psychodynamique du Travail. L’apport théorique méthodologique a été la Clinique de la Coopération, de Cristophe Dejours,respectant les étapes de la prérecherche,de la recherche proprement dite et de la validation. Les données ont été obtenues par les 22 entretiens initiaux faits à de différents secteurs; les 20 interviews individuelles avec l'application de l'Inventaire de Risques de Souffrance Pathogène dans le Travail (IRIS), et des 12 scéances collectives réalisées entre Porto Alegre et Caxias do Sul,avec des procureurs substituts,des juges et des juges conseillers. Cette clinique a été construite le long des rencontres selon la disponibilité du collectif avec la préoccupation de comprendre les forces produites par les nouvelles stratégies issues de la technologie virtuelle,plus précisement, du PJE, qui a beaucoup modifié les processus de travail.La description détaillée de la pratique clinique dans toutes les étapes et phases de son parcours s’y trouvent,démontrant les choix et les stratégies réels de la recherche. L’étude a une approche mixte,ayant une emphase qualitative,ce qui est cohérent à l’intention de comprendre l’importance du travail dans une institution marquée par le prescrit des lois,par l’ancienneté et la hiérarchie,dans la subjectivité des travailleurs. On a remarqué que les magistrats se trouvent dans une phase d’adaptation par rapport à l’emploi du Procès Judiciaire Électronique,une fois que la quantité de travail a beaucoup augmenté,apportant des conséquences à la santé physique et psychique, voire au fonctionnement des collectifs.L’ample écoute faite à ce propos, a mis en évidence que la souffrance est inhérente à l’acte de travailler,car, elle met les magistrats en face de la réalité de son travail journalier. On a constaté l’emploi de stratégies de défense,telles que la rationalisation,la négation,l’éloignement,l’ironie et l’hyper-accéleration,faisant ressortir les indicatifs de santé employés qui doivent être mieux structurés et devenir plus puissants dans lecollectif,afin de se transformer en stratégies de santé,comme le travail en collectivité,les échanges produites,les pores.Il faut créer des endroits spécifiques aux discussions légales et que permettent le mélange des “ cendres, pour rendre plus démocratique les rapports de travail parmi les instances et les travailleurs,produisant plus de puissance et de santé dans les collectifs de travail. / Esta tese busca discutir indicativos de saúde no coletivo dos magistrados do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região, do Rio Grande do Sul, realizada com juízes de primeira e de segunda instância, considerando a organização do trabalho. Os objetivos específicos são caracterizar a estrutura da organização do trabalho do coletivo de magistrados; apresentar e colocar em análise aspectos que descrevam a subjetividade dos magistrados; compreender a dinâmica das relações e do coletivo de magistrados; e, propor estratégias de construção de saúde a partir da psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O aporte teórico metodológico foi a Clínica da Cooperação, de Christophe Dejours, respeitando as etapas da pré-pesquisa, pesquisa propriamente dita e validação. Os dados foram obtidos através de 22 entrevistas iniciais a diferentes setores, 20 entrevistas individuais com aplicação do Inventário de Riscos de Sofrimento Patogênico no Trabalho (IRIS) e 12 sessões coletivas realizadas entre Porto Alegre e Caxias do Sul, com juízes substitutos, titulares e desembargadores. Esta foi uma clínica que foi construída ao longo dos encontros, seguindo o fluxo da mobilização do coletivo com a preocupação de compreender as forças produzidas pelas novas estratégias de gestão advindas da tecnologia virtual, mais especificamente do PJE, que alterou significativamente os processos de trabalho. Permeia este estudo a descrição pormenorizada da prática clínica em todas as etapas e fases do percurso no campo, ilustrando as escolhas e estratégias do real da pesquisa. O estudo possui abordagem mista, com ênfase qualitativa, o que é coerente à intenção de entender as implicações do trabalho em uma instituição marcada pelo prescrito das leis, pela antiguidade e hierarquia, na subjetividade dos trabalhadores. Percebeu-se que os magistrados se encontram em um espaço de transição em relação a utilização do Processo Judicial Eletrônico, que exacerbou o volume de trabalho, o que está trazendo implicações na saúde física e psíquica e no funcionamento dos coletivos. A ampla escuta realizada sobre o trabalho evidenciou que o sofrimento é inerente ao trabalhar, uma vez que leva os magistrados a se depararem com o real do trabalho no seu cotidiano. Constatou-se a utilização de estratégias de defesa como a racionalização, negação, distanciamento, ironia e hiperaceleração; destacando-se os indicativos de saúde utilizados, que necessitam ser mais bem estruturados e potencializados no coletivo no sentido de se transformarem em Estratégias de saúde, tais como, o trabalho em colegiado, as trocas produzidas, os poros. É necessária a operacionalização de espaços de discussão legítimos que propiciem a mistura das “cinzas”, democratizando as relações de trabalho entre as instâncias e entre os servidores, produzindo mais potência e saúde nos coletivos de trabalho. / This thesis discusses health indicatives, in the collective of the judges of the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region of Rio Grande do Sul, held with judges of first and second instance, considering the organization of work. The specific objectives are to characterize the structure of the organization of the work of the collective of judges; presenting and put into analysis, aspects describing the subjectivity of judges; understand the dynamics of relationships and the collective of judges; and propose health building strategies as from the Psychodynamics of work. The methodological theoretical support was the Clinic for Cooperation, Christophe Dejours, respecting the stages of pre-research, research itself and validation. Data were obtained through 22 initial interviews to different sectors, 20 individual interviews with application of Inventory of Risks of Pathogenic Suffering at Work (IRIS) and 12 group sessions held between Porto Alegre and Caxias do Sul, with substitute judges, holders and chief judges. This was a clinic that was built along the meetings, following the flow of the collective's mobilization with the concern to understand the forces produced by the new management strategies arising from virtual technology, specifically the PJE, which significantly altered work processes. This study is permeated by a detailed description of clinical practice at all stages and phases of the route in the field, illustrating the choices and strategies of the real of research. The study has mixed approach with a qualitative emphasis, which is coherent to the intention to understand the implications of working in an institution marked by prescribed of the laws, by the antiquity and hierarchy, the subjectivity of workers. It was noticed that the judges are in a transitional space regarding the utilization of the Electronic Judicial Process, which exacerbated the workload, which is bringing implications for physical and mental health and functioning of the collectives. The wide listening carried on the work showed that suffering is inherent in the work, since it leads the magistrates confront with the real work in their daily lives. It was verified the use of defense strategies such as rationalization, denial, detachment, irony and hyper-acceleration; highlighting the health Indicatives used which need to be better structured and potentialized in the collective in the sense of becoming health strategies such as work collegially, the changes produced, the pores. It is necessary to the operationalization of legitimate discussion spaces that provide a mixture of "ashes" democratizing the working relationships between the instances and between servers, producing more power and health in the work collectives.

「社基保育」（Community-Based Conservation）是強調「由下到上」（bottom-up）的自然資源管理模式。透過在地民眾的參與（participation），不僅減少政府在自然資源管理的支出，形成為社區居民認可的資源管理模式；更重要的，透過居民參與，社基保育連結地方自治（self-governance）與民主（democracy），實踐公共財合產（coproduction）與增效（synergy）的效果。因此社基保育不僅有生態保育的優勢，更有政治與經濟面的討論意義。 以往對社基保育的研究，多以鄉村或原住民地區的資源管理為研究範例，這些地區藉由居民的共議或傳統文化，獲得居民認同，刺激居民主動參與。然而若將研究焦點轉向都市地區，社基保育能否發揮相同功效？透過本研究的兩個案例—台北市富陽自然生態公園與台南市巴克禮紀念公園，社基保育在都市社區中仍有實行的可能。但相較鄉村與原民社區，都市社基保育的參與者更多，彼此溝通協調需要更多成本，形成集體行動也更不容易。本研究兩個案例中的里長，皆發揮動員居民的功能，並代表居民和其他參與者如政府、非營利組織溝通，降低居民參與的成本，營造居民集體行動的雛形。而政府、非營利組織與居民在社基保育過程中的關係，將影響社基保育能否達成在地落實的目標。 / Community-Based Conservation is the model emphasizing “bottom-up” power of managing natural resources. It reduces the government’s cost of resource management, and becomes a widely accepted model by the locals through their participation. Furthermore, it combines Coproduction, Synergy, local Self-Governance, and Democracy Governance through the locals’ direct participation. Therefore, Community-Based Conservation not only has advantage in ecological conservation, but also shows importance in politics and economics. Previously, the researches on Community-Based Conservation often take resource management models in rural and indigenous areas as their cases. These models obtain the residents’ identity and stimulate their active participation by their discussion or the influence of traditional culture. But if we transfer the researches’ focus to urban areas, can Community-Based Conservation play the same role? Through the two cases in this thesis: Fuyang Eco Park in Taipei and Barclay Memorial Park in Tainan, it is possible to implement Community-Based Conservation in urban areas. However, compared with rural and indigenous areas, there are more participators in urban areas. It costs more to make them coordinate and communicate with each other well. Consequently, it is very important to inspire the locals to participate in Community-Based Conservation. In these two cases, both Neighborhood magistrates construct the model by mobilizing the residents, communicating with different participators such as the government, non-profit organizations, and reducing the cost of their participation. The relationship between the government, non-profit organizations and the residents in the process of Community-Based Conservation will affect the fulfillment in urban areas.

THESIS ABSTRACT This MA thesis examines the portrayal of King Richard III (1452-1485) in texts preceding William Shakespeare's canonical play on this subject. By analyzing a wide range of sources written between the 1480s and the 1590s, it traces how the reputation of Richard III as an epitome of a tyrant, a usurper and a royal murderer was created and consolidated. At the same time, special attention is paid to innovations and deviations from this interpretation that contributed to the diversification of the King's image. The first chapter covers some of the most significant historiographic works of the Tudor era: The Second Continuation of The Crowland Chronicle, chronicles by Polydore Vergil, Edward Hall, and Raphael Holinshed, Thomas More's historical narrative, as well as a less-known manuscript by Dominic Mancini who described the early months of the reign of Richard III. The second chapter examines the transformation of the historical topic into poetry. The image of Richard III is analyzed in as diverse sources as, on the one hand, a popular ballad and, on the other hand, a prominent poetically-didactic work A Mirror for Magistrates. The representation of Richard III on the English stage is discussed in the third chapter in connection with Thomas Legge's university drama Richardus Tertius and the...

Dominant un vaste territoire au nord des Alpes occidentales, les Allobroges ont su profiter de l’essor insufflé par le Pax Romana. Leur cité, Vienne, au coeur de la Narbonnaise, connaît sa période la plus florissante aux deux premiers siècles de notre ère, fondant sa remarquable prospérité sur différentes promotions juridiques et sur une certaine réussite économique. Le peuple allobroge et ses notables prennent le parti d’une latinisation précoce et nouent dès le début du Principat des liens étroits avec Rome, ce qui entraine des mutations culturelles et sociales profondes.Bien que cette cité romanisée et aristocratique nous soit bien connue, la complexité de sa société s’exprime encore aujourd’hui autour de notions telles que l’identité, le rôle ou la fonction. Or, la qualité et la diversité du patrimoine archéologique, les témoignages épigraphiques comme iconographiques parvenus jusqu’à nous peuvent permettre de mieux comprendre la construction identitaire de ce peuple.En effet, Le développement municipal va s’accompagner d’une dimension spirituelle. L’implication des magistrats civils et des institutions religieuses à travers les prêtrises référencées, l’influence des grandes familles, la portée des actes d’évergétisme de citoyens plus ou moins fortunés et la place des femmes dans la ferveur viennoise expliquent notamment le développement et la vitalité du culte impérial, le succès rencontré par les divinités gréco-romaines, l’implantation de religions à Mystères et la pérennité de certaines divinités indigènes.Cette étude propose aux lecteurs de saisir les interactions entre dévots, dédicants et intégration des élites tout au long de cette période pour apporter un éclairage nouveau sur cette société singulière, tout en appréhendant les particularités et la richesse du panthéon viennois / Dominating a north western-Alpes vast territory, the Allobroges have taken advantage of the growth breathed by the Pax Romana. Their civitas, Vienna, in the heart of Narbonne area, knows its bourishing period on the first both centuries, basing its remarkable prosperity on various legal promotions and on a certain economic success. The allobroge people and his notables choose an earlier romanisation and establish narrows links connections with Rome as soon as the start of the Principat which influence deeps cultural and social alterations.Although our good knowledge about this romanised and aristocratic civitas, the complexity of his society still express itself today around notions like identity, role or function. Now, the quality and diversity of the archaeological culture heritage, the epigraphic and iconographic evidences reached until us allow for better understanding the identity structure of this people.So, it's a fact that the municipal growing will be accompanied by a spiritual dimension. The involvement of the civilian magistrates, religious institutions through the referenced priesthood, the influence of the great families, significance of the displayed religious acts of citizen, more or less riched and the place of the women in the viennese fervour, notably explain the development and the vitality of the imperial religion, the success met by the greek-roman divinities, the establishment of religions with mysteries and the permanence of some native divinities.This study proposes to the readers to seize the interactions between devouts persons, dedicaters and integration of the elites during all this period for providing a new lighting on this singular society, grasping the particularities and wealth of the viennese's Pantheon

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This research examines how, when and why the Romans assigned and defined the tasks of preparing and commanding fleets during the Republic. In doing so, it brings new evidence to bear on the wider debates about the nature of the prouincia and the institutional and administrative development of the Roman empire. The communis opinio is that a prouincia originally represented a functional “sphere of operation” that was allotted or assigned to a magistrate and that it only later developed a geographical meaning with territorial connotations through the process of “provincialisation.” This research challenges that view through an analysis of the evidence for the definition, assignment and practical use of the prouincia classis and other prouinciae connected with the command of fleets. Drawing upon and analysing the lists of administrative arrangements to be found in the “annalistic” sections of the surviving books of Livy’s History, it argues that prouinciae were defined in specific geographical and functional terms long before the development of permanent territorial empire. This offers a new perspective which points to and elucidates the flexible use of the prouincia as a means of separating magistrates and promagistrates in space or by function in space. It argues that the rationale for this was to limit conflicts between commanders over command and triumphal rights. By combining evidence from a wide range of sources after the loss of Livy’s History from 167, the research shows that the above rationale for demarcating prouinciae still applied in the first century B.C. However, it also demonstrates that there were significant changes with the assignment of vast Mediterranean-wide naval prouinciae in the first half of the first century B.C. It argues that the definition of these prouinciae was made possible by the development of a singular collective Mediterranean-wide ora maritima, which was brought about by the Romans’ increasing “acknowledgement of empire.” The negative political and institutional implications of these developments are also assessed. Finally, in discussing the above, this research also provides new insights into the role and auctoritas of the Senate, the function and freedom of magistrates, and the Romans’ conceptualisation of their empire.