The dissertation thesis consists of five articles, bringing together results from investigations of macroinvertebrates in running waters. The use of freshwater macroinvertebrate organisms to assess environmental changes was based on the following facts: a) the presence/absence of taxa provide information about abiotic factors and/or about the pollution status of the site, b) they are indigenous and sedentary species, so that the environmental implications can be related to the site they live on, c) the organisms accumulate xenobiotic elements or compounds, thus reflecting the contaminant level in the environment. Localization of the sampling sites was related to the "hot-spots" of environmental problems. The particular investigations were carried out in the Elbe River catchment and in the Czech mountains on the selected headwater streams of the GEOMON network of the Czech Geological Survey. The Elbe was considered one of the most polluted rivers across Europe in the second half of the past century until the socio-economic transformation after 1989. The headwater streams in the Czech Republic were chosen with respect to the problem of acidification. The ability of bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in macroinvertebrate organisms was used to assess the long-term load of the Elbe ecosystem with trace...

Presented diploma thesis deals with the topic of colonisation of newly build fishponds by macrozoobenthos organisms. Most of the authors devote to colonisation of running or periodic waters but colonisation of standing waters is more likely neglected topic. Observed locality is placed in the Northern Moravia. Three fishponds in the newly created pond system were sampled from spring till autumn during the first year after building. Qualitative samples of aquatic biota were taken by hand-net. Macrozoobenthos of fishponds was evaluated from the taxonomic structure and abundance point of view. Due to the high proportional representation of Chironomids and a lack of autecological demands of particular taxa, distribution of organism into particular functional groups was not realized. The influence of fish stock as well as short time period from the pond creation were assessed as the main factors of low taxonomic composition and low abundance of macrozoobenthos. Simultaneously, the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity) of water of fish ponds were monitored. Those were assessed as suitable for stated fishponds types and should not eliminate neither the rearing of fish nor the presence of aquatic invertebrates.

This Master thesis was focused on seasonal development of macrozoobenthos for season 2009-2010, its long-term changes and effects of extreme events on acidified brooks in headwater catchments of the Litavka river in the Brdy Mountains (the Czech Republic). The extreme events are considered: drought, floods and deforestation. Changes in composition of macrozoobenthos were compared with the previous research, which was provided there for season 1999-2000. Headwater catchment of the Litavka river consist of two streams: strongly acidified Litavka-krmelec (LK) and slightly acidified Litavka-hlavní (LH), which is taken as a reference stream. Measured pH levels of LK were in range of 4,00-4,22 (with median 4,10) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 1381-2187 µg.L-1 (with median 1692 µg.L-1 ). Measured pH levels of LH were in range of 4,74-6,22 (with median 5,62) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 8-400 µg.L-1 (with median 33 µg.L-1 ). Concentrations of R-Al are observed due to toxic forms of Al3+ ions on aquatic organisms. The significant differences in composition of macrozoobenthos were also observed. On strongly acidified study site LK were not present acidosensitive groups, such as mayflies, molluscs and some species of caddisflies. All of these...

The impact of vertical distribution of zoobenthos in a pond in response to the biomass stocking of carp ponds was tested in the Rod, Dobrá Vůle, Pohořelec, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds. Except for the Rod pond, various carp biomass was represented in all ponds. Sampling was conducted during the growing season (June and July), and outside the growing season (September). Physico-chemical parameters of water were measured for each sample. All samples were sorted by groups, counted and weighed. The results are presented in graphs. Zoobenthos density of the Dobrá Vůle, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds showed a rising tendency towards deeper parts of the pond sediment. The density of these ponds reached the maximum values in depths of 10-14 cm. This tendency was observed in the occurrence of midges in these ponds. The highest density of midges was observed in the Haslauerteich pond (1,687 individuals per square metre). The above-mentioned ponds were stocked by the common carp (K2-3). The largest density of the tubifexes in the Dobrá Vůle, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds was observed during the September sampling in the shallow parts of the sediment (0-6 cm). The maximum density was 1,031 individuals per square metre. On the Pohořelec pond, the occurrence of zoobenthos during both samplings was recorded only in the depth of 10-12 cm. Other representatives of zoobenthos were present in the Rod, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds. Larvae of Sialis and Chaoboridae were observed as well. The density and biomass was greater in the September sampling. We have noticed a greater settlement in various depths. Their maximum density was in the Haslauerteich pond (218 individuals per square metre).

The impact of vertical distribution of zoobenthos in a pond in response to the biomass stocking of carp ponds was tested in the Rod, Dobrá Vůle, Pohořelec, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds. Except for the Rod pond, various carp biomass was represented in all ponds. Sampling was conducted during the growing season (June and July), and outside the growing season (September). Physico-chemical parameters of water were measured for each sample. All samples were sorted by groups, counted and weighed. The results are presented in graphs. Zoobenthos density of the Dobrá Vůle, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds showed a rising tendency towards deeper parts of the pond sediment. The density of these ponds reached the maximum values in depths of 10-14 cm. This tendency was observed in the occurrence of midges in these ponds. The highest density of midges was observed in the Haslauerteich pond (1,687 individuals per square metre). The above-mentioned ponds were stocked by the common carp (K2-3). The largest density of the tubifexes in the Dobrá Vůle, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds was observed during the September sampling in the shallow parts of the sediment (0-6 cm). The maximum density was 1,031 individuals per square metre. On the Pohořelec pond, the occurrence of zoobenthos during both samplings was recorded only in the depth of 10-12 cm. Other representatives of zoobenthos were present in the Rod, Haslauerteich and Neuteich ponds. Larvae of Sialis and Chaoboridae were observed as well. The density and biomass was greater in the September sampling. We have noticed a greater settlement in various depths. Their maximum density was in the Haslauerteich pond (218 individuals per square metre).

Community of phytophilous macrozoobenthos (PM) represents an important component of fishponds ecosystems concerning biomass as well as essential part of food webs. There are evident linkages between PM and water macrophytes. Their influence on PM is the main topic of many scientific papers which state three main water macrophyte characters with the strongest impact on PM - coverage, biomass and morphological complexity. The main aim of this diploma theses was to analyse linkages between four different water macrophyte species and PM in eight different fishponds devided into two groups according their localisation- třeboňské a rakouské. Water macrophyte species have any influence on PM abundance in both fishpond groups. Water macrophyte species have significant influence on biomass of PM in třeboňské and rakouské fishponds analysed together and also in both fishpond groups analysed separately. PM biomass was significantly higher in Glyceria maxima during first sampling period in both fishpond groups. Water macrophyte species have significant influence on PM diversity in třeboňské and rakouské fishponds analysed together and in rakouské fishponds group analysed separately. Just one variable, water macrophyte species, was analysed in my diploma thesis, but some others abiotic and biotic variables influence phytophilous macrozoobenthos community in fishponds littoral zones as well. That´s why conclusions of this thesis should be interpreted circumspectly.

This diploma thesis elaborates on the influence of constructed wetlands on macrozoobenthos of the respective recipients. Constructed wetlands near the town of Hostětín were chosen for this research project, as well as its recipient Kolelač river delta where cleaned water is drained into. The report also contains analysis of Kolelač's stream area which took place during April 2013 under the auspices of the TA02020128 project by T.G.Masaryk Water Research Institute Brno. Investigation was performed in five sites labeled L1-L5. Of these, L3 was placed in the vicinity below the outfall of constructed wetlands. The research involved a one-time collection of quantitative and qualitative samples of macrozoobenthos by the so called PERLA method. Different characteristics for each facility were analyzed in order to carry out a comprehensive survey. This included for example: abundance, amount of taxons; diversity; taxonomic composition of microzoobenthos; as well as other ecological factors of Kolelač stream quality affected by the constructed wetlands. Macrozoobenthos' studied using abiotic factors demonstrate that the L3 drainage area in closest proximity to constructed wetlands is more polluted than other locations. Analysis by a multi-metric index ranked L3 into the 3rd group, indicating that a medium ecological water quality was present, whereas other locations are ranked into the 5th group with the highest ecological quality of water.

The aim of this study was a comphensive assessment of the food of pikeperch fry in the monoculture rearing from the stage of summer fry to the stage of autumn fry in ponds with three different types of management and assessment of the influence of individual treatments for pikeperch production. The experiment was performed in small ponds in experimental facility of FFPW in Vodňany. The variants of pond treatment were: a) ponds with additional prey fish (fry of common carp (C. carpio) and grass carp (C. idella)), b) ponds with installed substrate from heather, c) control variant without any support of natural food of pikeperch. All treatments had four repetitions. Rearing of pikeperch fry lasted 97 days. In all treatments, the opportunistic food strategy of pikeperch fry was recorded during the whole period of rearing and the main recorded food was macrozoobenthos, especially insect larvae. Bigger species of zooplankton had also been often found in the stomachs of pikeperch. Considerable development of macrozoobenthos in all experimental ponds was probably caused by the presence of submerged macrophytes. Thus, this factor made harder to estimate influence of installed substrates from heather for production of pikeperch fry and composition of its food. In the treatment with prey fish, the total length (F (9. 450) = 91.1; p < 10-3) and weight (F (9. 450) = 61.9; p < 10-3) of pikeperch fry were for the whole period of rearing significantly higher in comparison to the other treatments. In addition, the survival of pikeperch in the treatment with prey fish reached to 56 - 92,4 % at the end of rearing. In the treatment with substrate from heather, the total length and weight of pikeperch was significantly higher in comparison to the control treatment only in the first term of sampling. In the rest of pikeperch fry rearing period were the values comparable or higher in control treatment. Thus, for the rearing of pikeperch from the stage of summer fry to the stage of autumn fry is appropriate to stock prey fish in ponds. In comparison to installation of artificial substrate, the diversity of water environment, which is subsequently able to provide sufficiently wide natural food for reared pikeperch, seems to be more decisive.

The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.

The work is focused on monitoring changes in benthic communities in the longitudinal gradient of the river Lužnice. The river flows through to the pond area Třeboňsko and the largest pond of the Czech Republic - Rožmberk. It is examine affect of pond on benthic communities. The work involves collecting benthos according to the PERLA method on four profile in four seasons, the analysis of chemical parameters and data processing. The values of SI (saprobiological index) in the longitudinal gradient were from SI 1.8 to SI 2.6. SI values were at the outflow of Rožmberk higher than at inflow. The lowest values were in the first profile Suchdol (SI 1,8 ? SI 2,1) and higher values were in the last profile Vlkov (SI 2,4 ? 2,6). The chemical parameters at outflow were observed increased values of BOD5, TOC, NL105, NL505, chlorophyll and total P but lower values of nitrogen forms (Ntotal,NH4, N-NO3-). On the each profile was the significant change in the incidence or absence of certain groups. Profiles Suchdol and Hlína were diferent than Lužnice and Vlkov especially in the presence of stoneflies, dragonflies, beetles, and individuals generally indicates good water quality. Profiles at outflows from Rožmberk (Lužnice and Vlkov) showed a continued presence of bloodsuckers and more species indicating high organic pollution. NMDS method confirmed impact of sites in communities rather than period (R2 = 0.6 at significance level of p = 0.001).