Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao-SELMA.pdf: 1364010 bytes, checksum: 5110016b72698ae07033570a648e11f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-22 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study had as objective the analysis of how the demands of violence against children and teenagers affect the working process of health sector professionals: in the process of assistance, in the production of registers and in the formation of a professional identity. The methodology design used involves a qualitative approach in social research, with a case study through interviews and official registers in the target institution and the municipality. The study was conducted in a public hospital in Manaus. The data analysis was based on Bardin s (1977) content analysis methodology, developing the categories: definitions of the subject by the professionals, types of violence acknowledged, strategies presented for cases identification, violence impacts on health sector professionals, the follow up to the cases in the Health Institution according to the professionals, the difficulties identified and challenged in the management of cases, the directing to other institutions and its follow up by the Health institution, the formation of professionals and their knowledge of the ECA (Child and Teenager Estatute) and repercussion in the still dreamed integral assistance. The results showed under-notification of cases, little follow up and no monitoring of the cases of violence, which could be the reflex of the lack of training of professionals, recognized by 100% of the interviewees, who recognized having non-sufficient knowledge about the ECA, no belief in a solution for the cases with the accountability of those responsible and almost non-existent public policies for social and psychological support to follow up the identified cases, adding up to the constant stress faced by these professionals. / Este estudo teve como objetivo, analisar como a demanda dos maus-tratos à criança e ao adolescente afeta o processo de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde na produção da assistência, na produção de registro e na conformação de uma identidade profissional. O desenho metodológico utilizado é de uma abordagem qualitativa em pesquisa social, um estudo de caso, por meio de entrevistas e levantamento das ocorrências dos casos registrados na instituição e no município, sendo o campo de estudo um serviço de pronto atendimento infantil num Hospital Público de Manaus. A análise dos dados foi baseada nos princípios do método de análise de conteúdo, de Bardin (1977). A partir da análise, foram desenvolvidas as categorias: definições do tema pelos profissionais, tipos de maus-tratos conhecidos, estratégias apresentadas na identificação dos casos, marcas dos maus-tratos nos profissionais da saúde, percursos dos casos na Unidade de Saúde segundo os profissionais, barreiras nomeadas e enfrentadas no manejo dos casos, encaminhamentos e monitoramentos realizados pela unidade, formação dos profissionais, conhecimento do ECA e repercussões na ainda utópica proteção integral. Os resultados analisados apontam para uma sub-notificação, pouco encaminhamento e nenhum monitoramento dos casos de maus-tratos, que podem ser reflexos de pouca capacitação dos profissionais em identificar os casos, expressa por 100% dos entrevistados que reconheceram serem insuficientes os seus conhecimentos a respeito do ECA, e apresentaram uma descrença na resolução dos casos pelas instâncias da responsabilização, bem como a quase inexistência de políticas públicas e serviços de suporte psicossocial para encaminhar os casos encontrados, contribuindo ainda mais no aumento do nível de estresse vivenciado pelos profissionais na unidade estudada.

Background: Child abuse in South Africa is a significant public health concern with severe negative outcomes for children; however, little is known about risk and protective factors for child abuse victimisation. This thesis investigates prevalence rates, perpetrators, and locations as well as predictors of physical, emotional and sexual child abuse victimisation. It also examines the influence of potential mediating and moderating variables on the relationships between risk factors and child abuse. Methods: In the first study, a systematic review of correlates of physical, emotional and sexual child abuse victimisation in Africa was conducted. The review synthesised evidence from 23 quantitative studies and was used to inform the epidemiological study. For study two to four, anonymous self-report questionnaires were completed by children aged 10-17 (n=3515, 57% female) using random door-to-door sampling in rural and urban areas in two provinces in South Africa. Children were followed-up a year later (97% retention rate). Abuse was measured using internationally recognised scales. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regressions, and mediator and moderator analyses. Results: The first study, the systematic review, identified high prevalence rates of abuse across all African countries. It identified a number of correlates which were further examined using the study data from South Africa. The second study found lifetime prevalence of abuse to be 54.5% for physical abuse, 35.5% for emotional abuse, 14% for sexual harassment and 9% for contact sexual abuse. Past year prevalence of abuse was found to be 37.9% for physical abuse, 31.6% for emotional abuse, 12% for sexual harassment and 5.9% for contact sexual abuse. A large number of children experienced frequent (monthly or more regular) abuse victimisation with 16% for physical abuse, 22% for emotional abuse, 8.1% for sexual harassment and 2.8% for contact sexual abuse. Incidence for frequent abuse victimisation at follow-up was 12% for physical abuse, 10% for emotional abuse and 3% for contact sexual abuse. Perpetrators of physical and emotional abuse were mostly caregivers; perpetrators of sexual abuse were mostly girlfriends/boyfriends or other peers. The third study found a direct effect of baseline household AIDS-illness on physical and emotional abuse at follow-up. This relationship was mediated by poverty. Poverty and the ill-person’s disability fully mediated the relationship between household other chronic illnesses and physical and emotional abuse, therefore placing children in families with chronic illnesses and high levels of poverty and disability at higher risk of abuse. The fourth study found that contact sexual abuse in girls at follow-up was predicted by baseline school drop-out, physical assault in the community and prior sexual abuse victimisation. Peer social support acted as a protective factor. It also moderated the relationship between baseline physical assault in the community and sexual abuse at follow-up, lowering the risk for sexual abuse victimisation in girls who had been physically assaulted from 2.5/1000 to 1/1000. Conclusion: This thesis shows clear evidence of high levels of physical, emotional and sexual child abuse victimisation in South Africa. It also identified risk and protective factors for child abuse victimisation which can be used to inform evidence-based child abuse prevention interventions.