Dynamic selection and composition of autonomous and loosely-coupled Web services is increasingly used to automate business processes. The typical long-running characteristic of business processes imposes new management challenges such as dynamic adaptation of running process instances. However, current process orchestration engines provide limited flexibility to dynamically adapt to changing runtime conditions (e.g., presence of faults). Additionally, current process specification languages exhibit some limitations regarding modularity of crosscutting management concerns. In particular, monitoring and adaptation logic is often scattered across several process definitions and intertwined with the business logic. This leads to monolithic and complex processes that are hard to understand, reuse, maintain, and evolve. To address these limitations, we developed a policy-based change management framework, named Manageable and Adaptable Service Compositions (MASC), to declaratively express crosscutting monitoring and process adaptation concerns in a separate and modular way. MASC policies use a set of simple, but flexible and relatively powerful, constructs to declaratively specify policies that govern: (1) discovery and selection of services to be used, (2) monitoring to detect the need for adaptation, (3) reconfiguration and adaptation of the process to handle special cases (e.g., context-dependant behaviour) and recover from typical faults in service-based processes. The identified constructs are executed by a lightweight service-oriented management middleware named MASC middleware. The adaptation is transparent because it preserves the original functional behaviour of the business process and does not tangle the adaptation logic with that of the business process. Additionally, policies do not have to be necessarily defined when designing the process; they can also be introduced later during deployment or at runtime. We implemented a MASC proof-of-concept prototype and evaluated it on Stock Trading case study scenarios. We conducted extensive studies to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques and illustrate the benefits of our approach in providing adaptive composite services using the policy-based approach. Our performance and scalability studies indicate that MASC middleware is scalable and the introduced overhead are acceptable.

Dynamic selection and composition of autonomous and loosely-coupled Web services is increasingly used to automate business processes. The typical long-running characteristic of business processes imposes new management challenges such as dynamic adaptation of running process instances. However, current process orchestration engines provide limited flexibility to dynamically adapt to changing runtime conditions (e.g., presence of faults). Additionally, current process specification languages exhibit some limitations regarding modularity of crosscutting management concerns. In particular, monitoring and adaptation logic is often scattered across several process definitions and intertwined with the business logic. This leads to monolithic and complex processes that are hard to understand, reuse, maintain, and evolve. To address these limitations, we developed a policy-based change management framework, named Manageable and Adaptable Service Compositions (MASC), to declaratively express crosscutting monitoring and process adaptation concerns in a separate and modular way. MASC policies use a set of simple, but flexible and relatively powerful, constructs to declaratively specify policies that govern: (1) discovery and selection of services to be used, (2) monitoring to detect the need for adaptation, (3) reconfiguration and adaptation of the process to handle special cases (e.g., context-dependant behaviour) and recover from typical faults in service-based processes. The identified constructs are executed by a lightweight service-oriented management middleware named MASC middleware. The adaptation is transparent because it preserves the original functional behaviour of the business process and does not tangle the adaptation logic with that of the business process. Additionally, policies do not have to be necessarily defined when designing the process; they can also be introduced later during deployment or at runtime. We implemented a MASC proof-of-concept prototype and evaluated it on Stock Trading case study scenarios. We conducted extensive studies to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed techniques and illustrate the benefits of our approach in providing adaptive composite services using the policy-based approach. Our performance and scalability studies indicate that MASC middleware is scalable and the introduced overhead are acceptable.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur bosnier i Sverige har hanterat krigs- och folkmordstrauma med fokus på händelseutvecklingen i Bosnien-Hercegovina under 1990-talet. Med utgångspunkt i intervjuer med bosnier i Sverige, som överlevde kriget. Med hjälp av en analytisk modell av Suzanne Kaplan, analyseras hur överlevarna minns folkmordet och kriget. Därutöver hur det har påverkat dem och vilka strategier som används för att bearbeta det förflutna.Det överlevarna minns starkast från kriget i Bosnien 1992–1995 var krigsutbrottet, folkmordet i Srebrenica samt flykten under kriget. Ifrån krigsutbrottet minns de särskilt den rädsla som skapades av bomb- och granatattacker. En rädsla som aldrig försvinner utan finns fortfarande kvar 25 år senare. Under folkmordet i juli 1995 dog många pojkar och män. Det var särskilt svårt för anhöriga att inte kunna säga farväl till sina släktingar. Inte nog med det att många män och pojkar dog i juli, utan också att det tog oerhörd lång tid att hitta kropparna. Än idag identifieras defekta skelett med hjälp av DNA-matchning, som sedan begravs av anhöriga i Potočari Genocide Memorial Center. En enorm besvikelse finns bland de överlevande, för att ingen ingrep för att stoppa folkmordet på över 8000 människor i Srebrenica 1995. På olika sätt tog sig överlevare fram till tryggare platser såsom; släktingar i Turkiet, via buss till Polen därefter färja till Sverige, smuggling till Tyskland och vissa bodde kvar i Bosnien-Hercegovina men flyttade till säkrare områden. Intervjustudien visar att kriget påverkade överlevarna på olika vis bland annat i form av psykisk ohälsa i olika utsträckning samt att föräldralösa är mer ansvarsfulla men också mer sårbara,vilka är några faktorer som överlevarna påverkats av kriget. Dessutom påverkas överlevare den 11 juli som är minnesdagen för folkmordet i Srebrenica, vilket uppmärksammas i såväl Bosnien som internationellt. Det finns en variation när det gäller hur överlevarna hanterar krigs- och folkmordstrauma, men gemensamt för alla är någon form av upprättelse, att ansvariga står till svars. Det vanligaste sättet att hantera krigs- och folkmordstrauma är att samtala om överlevarnas upplevelser antingen via professionell hjälp eller med vänner och släkt. En kortsiktig strategi för att orka leva överhuvudtaget är att förtränga minnen. En mer långsiktig strategi är att acceptera deras krigs- och folkmordstrauma, vilket innebär att fokus ligger mer på framtiden än det förflutna. Genom att utsätta sig för svåra situationer samt att hjälpa andra som har det svårt blir vardagen mer hanterbar. Begrepp: krigs- och folkmordstrauma, påverkansfaktorer, hanterbara strategier / This essay examines how Bosnians in Sweden have dealt with war and genocide trauma with a focus on the course of events in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the 1990´s. Based on interviews with Bosnians in Sweden who survived the war. With the help of an analytical model by Suzanne Kaplan, it is analysed how the survivors remember the genocide and the war. In addition, how it has affected them and what strategies are used to process the past.What the survivors especially remember from the war in Bosnia 1992–1995 were the outbreak of war, the genocide in Srebrenica and the flight during the war, what they remembered most is the fear created by bomb and grenade attacks. A fear that never disappears and still exists, 25 years later. During the genocide in July 1995 many boys and men died. It was especially difficult for relatives not to be able to say goodbye to their family members. Not only did many men and boys die in July, but it also took an incredibly long time to find the bodies. Even today, defective skeletons are identified using DNA matching, which was then buried by relatives in Potočari Genocide Memorial Center. There is a huge disappointment among the survivors, because no one intervened to stop the genocide of over 8000 people in Srebrenica in 1995. In various ways, survivors found refuge in: Turkey, by bus to Poland and then ferry to Sweden, by smuggling to Germany and some remained in Bosnia-Herzegovina but moved to safer areas.The interview study shows that the war affected the survivors in various ways, including in the form of mental illness to vulnerable, which are some factors that the survivors were affected by the war. In addition, survivors are affected on July 11, which is the day of the genocide in Srebrenica, which is celebrated in Bosnia as well as internationally. There is a variation in how survivors handle war and genocide trauma, but common to all is some form of redress, that those who are responsible to be held accountable. The most common way to deal with war and genocide trauma is to talk about the survivors experiences either through professional help or with friends and relatives. A short-term strategy for being able to live at all is to repress memories. A more long-term strategy is to accept their war and genocide trauma, which means that the focus is more on the future, than the past. By exposing yourself to difficult situations and helping others who are having a hard time, everyday life become more manageable. Concepts: war and genocide traumatization, affecting factors, manageable strategies