Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der integrierten Bewirtschaftungsplanung von Flusseinzugsgebieten. Die europäische Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL, 2000/60/EG) und die europäische Hochwasserrichtlinie (HWRL, 2007/60/EG) setzen dafür neue Maßstäbe, indem beide die Mitgliedsstaaten zur Aufstellung einzugsgebietsbezogener Planungsinstrumente verpflichten. In der Arbeit werden eingangs die wesentlichen Prozesse, theoretischen Modelle und Ansatzpunkte für ein integriertes Management von Flusseinzugsgebieten vorgestellt. Die Anforderungen an Bewirtschaftungspläne und Maßnahmenprogramme der WRRL werden den Vorgaben für die Erstellung der Hochwasserrisikomanagementpläne und ihren planerischen Grundlagen gemäß HWRL gegenübergestellt. Potenzielle Synergien und Konflikte zwischen den Zielen und Maßnahmen werden identifiziert. Der Vergleich der Planungsschritte und -methoden zeigt, dass Abstimmungsbedarf zwischen den Planungsinstrumenten des Flussgebiets- und Hochwasserrisikomanagements für sämtliche Planungsschritte besteht, von der Systemanalyse bis zur Maßnahmenumsetzung. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Konzept für eine integrierte Bewirtschaftungsplanung entwickelt. Das Konzept besteht aus einzelnen fachlich-methodischen Planungsmodulen für jeden Planungsschritt. Sie können im Zusammenhang oder für sich genommen zur Abstimmung zwischen den Plänen des Flussgebiets- und Hochwasserrisikomanagements dienen. Abschließend werden die fachlichen und organisatorischinstitutionellen Potenziale des Konzepts diskutiert und weitergehender Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt. / The thesis addresses the integrated planning of river basins. For this, the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) and the Floods Directive (FD, 2007/60/EC) are setting new benchmarks by committing its member states to set up river basin-wide management plans. At the beginning of the thesis, the most important processes, theoretical models and options of intervention for integrated river basin management are introduced. The requirements for the river basin management plans and the programmes of measures of the WFD will be contrasted with the specifications for the flood risk management plans according to the FD and their fundamental planning documents. Potential synergies and conflicts between the objectives and measures are identified. The comparison of the planning steps and methods show that all planning steps, from the systems analysis to the implementation of measures, require a coordination of the planning instruments of river basin management and flood risk management. Based on these findings, a concept of integrated river basin management planning is developed. The concept is composed of planning modules for each planning step. For the reconciliation between the plans of river basin management and flood risk management, those planning modules can be used in combination or separately. Finally, the technical and institutional potentials of the concept are discussed. Need for further research is identified.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Environmental management systems (EMSs) have been advanced as a tool for successful adoption and implementation of environmental management initiatives in organisations. As with any management system, an EMS needs to be integrated into corporate management so that it may operate in congruence with the other management systems present in an organisation. One framework that has been widely recognised for fostering the process of management systems integration in organisations is Mckinsey's 7-S model of business elements. This model has been used to understand and foster integration in mainstream management and business circles. However, it was the researcher's considered view that the model could be usefully applied in organisations to foster EMS integration. Hence, the study set out to explore the efficacy of Mckinseys 7-S model using a case study, namely Hulett Aluminium. Data collection included reviewing related literature, interviewer administered questionnaires and open-ended interviews. The study had a total of 41 respondents, most of whom were questionnaire respondents. Simple coding sheets and content analysis were used to-analyse the data. It is clear from the study that Mckinsey's 7-S model is useful to understanding EMS integration in organisations. However, the model does not adequately provide for human aspects in the process of dealing with change. The model's inclusion of human aspects seems to be confmed to skills (i.e. capacity and knowledge), with an inclination towards technical imperatives. However, non-technical factors such as the way the employees perceive of the change and how it affects them are also important. Positive perceptions, especially those arising from personal results could serve to reinforce the change process, which apparently is at the heart of EMS adoption and implementation. This study does not present statistically definitive conclusions, but interesting trends and views emerge. It should be regarded as exploratory, providing directions to researchers for further, more in-depth research into the theme of the study. The study also makes recommendations as well as suggestions for further research. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

Until recently, the concept of green logistics has been disregarded by various logistics and transport companies in South Africa. The study on which this dissertation is based explored the green logistics practices that these companies are currently implementing in terms of the key drivers, benefits and barriers. A quantitative research approach was followed, were a survey (Lime) served as the primary research instrument. A census was conducted among 160 companies in Gauteng. The results of the study revealed a significant difference between SMEs (<200) and large (200 and above) companies with regard to their importance rating on green logistics practices. To achieve the primary objective of the study, a framework in green logistics was drafted for SMEs and large companies in South Africa, which outlined practices and opportunities companies can implement in their own businesses to benefit from ‘going green’. The usefulness of the latter mentioned guidelines needs to be tested in future research. / Public Administration and Management / M.. Com. (Logistics Management)

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T17:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 4569845 bytes, checksum: 7094dfceaf6e8a3bbea8b0f8a3ddd4ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T17:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIA LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 4569845 bytes, checksum: 7094dfceaf6e8a3bbea8b0f8a3ddd4ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas - PUC - Campinas / The recent water crisis experienced in southeastern Brazil has been analyzed by several sectors. However, scarcity has been warned for at least four decades by numerous environmental researchers and agencies, whose projections point to climatic extremes, rising temperatures, diseases, scarcity, among other global environmental problems, which have increased especially after the decade of 1950 due to anthropic activities. This research seeks to understand the roots of this crisis that has political, climatic and anthropic origins. For this, we use theoretical revision, documentary survey and field research with the objective of understanding conceptual and factual aspects, as well as apprehending the local reality. We investigated the relationship between the drought and the main environmental problems observed today in Brazilian cities: deforestation, pollution, occupation of environmentally sensitive areas, etc., due to the pressure on natural ecosystems. We review the environmental public policies adopted in the city of Campinas during the period of scarcity, in order to observe the cohesion and contradictions of the measures to manage this event. We also carried out field research with residents of the Anhumas and Capivari river basins, which demonstrated the environmental injustice to which certain social minorities are subject and the logic through which several marginalized social groups bear the socio-environmental liabilities of such development. With this, we seek to contribute to the debate about municipal environmental management by problematizing the strategies adopted by the local water resources policy. / La r?cente crise de l'eau connue dans le sudest du Br?sil a ?t? analys?e par plusieurs secteurs. Cependant, la p?nurie a ?t? annonc?e depuis au moins quatre d?cennies par de nombreux chercheurs et agences de l'environnement, dont les projections indiquent des extr?mes climatiques, la hausse des temp?ratures, des maladies, de la p?nurie, parmi d'autres probl?mes environnementaux mondiaux, qui ont augment? surtout apr?s la d?cennie de 1950 en raison d'activit?s anthropiques. Cette recherche vise ? comprendre les racines de cette crise qui a des origines politiques, climatiques et anthropiques. Pour cela, nous utilisons une r?vision th?orique et documentaire et une recherche sur le terrain dans le but de comprendre les aspects conceptuels et factuels, ainsi que d'appr?hender la r?alit? locale. Nous avons ?tudi? la relation entre la s?cheresse et les principaux probl?mes environnementaux observ?s aujourd'hui dans les villes br?siliennes: la d?forestation, la pollution, l'occupation de zones naturelles sensibles etc., en raison de la pression sur les ?cosyst?mes naturels. Nous examinons les politiques publiques environnementales adopt?es dans la ville de Campinas pendant la p?riode de p?nurie de l?eau, afin d'observer la coh?sion et les contradictions des mesures pour g?rer cet ?v?nement. Nous avons ?galement effectu? de recherche sur le terrain avec des r?sidents des bassins des rivi?res Anhumas et Capivari qui ont d?montr? l'injustice environnementale ? laquelle certaines minorit?s sociales sont soumises et la logique par laquelle plusieurs groupes sociaux marginalis?s subissent les consequences sociales et environnementales d'un tel d?veloppement. Avec cela, nous cherchons ? contribuer au d?bat sur la gestion environnementale municipale en probl?matisant les strat?gies adopt?es par la politique locale des ressources de l?eau. / A recente crise h?drica vivenciada no sudeste brasileiro tem sido analisada por diversos setores. No entanto, a escassez ? alertada h? pelo menos quatro d?cadas por in?meros pesquisadores e ?rg?os ambientais, cujas proje??es apontam para extremos clim?ticos, aumento de temperatura, doen?as, escassez, entre outros problemas ambientais de ordem global, os quais t?m aumentado principalmente ap?s a d?cada de 1950 em fun??o de atividades antr?picas. Esta pesquisa busca compreender as ra?zes desta crise que tem origens pol?ticas, clim?ticas e antr?picas. Para tal, utilizamos revis?o te?rica, levantamento documental e pesquisa de campo com o objetivo de compreender aspectos conceituais e factuais, bem como apreender a realidade local. Investigamos a liga??o da seca vivenciada com os principais problemas ambientais observados hoje nas cidades brasileiras: desmatamento, polui??o, ocupa??o de ?reas ambientalmente sens?veis etc., fruto da press?o sobre os ecossistemas naturais. Revisamos as pol?ticas p?blicas ambientais adotadas na cidade de Campinas durante o per?odo de escassez, de modo a observar a coes?o e as contradi??es das medidas para gest?o deste evento. Realizamos ainda uma pesquisa de campo com os moradores das bacias hidrogr?ficas do ribeir?o Anhumas e do rio Capivari que demonstrou a injusti?a ambiental ? qual determinadas minorias sociais est?o sujeitas e a l?gica atrav?s da qual diversos grupos sociais marginalizados arcam com o passivo socioambiental de um dito desenvolvimento. Com isto, buscamos contribuir para o debate acerca da gest?o ambiental municipal problematizando as estrat?gias adotadas pela pol?tica local de recursos h?dricos.

Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been steadily increasing from anthropogenic energy production, development and use. Carbon cycling in the terrestrial biosphere, particularly forest ecosystems, has an important role in regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. US West coast forest management policies are being developed to implement forest bioenergy production while reducing risk of catastrophic wildfire. Modeling and understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to changing environmental conditions associated with energy production and use are primary goals of global change science. Coupled carbon-nitrogen ecosystem process models identify and predict important factors that govern long term changes in terrestrial carbon stores or net ecosystem production (NEP). By quantifying and reducing uncertainty in model estimates using existing datasets, this research provides a solid scientific foundation for evaluating carbon dynamics under conditions of future climate change and land management practices at local and regional scales. Through the combined use of field observations, remote sensing data products, and the NCAR CESM/CLM4-CN coupled carbon-climate model, the objectives of this project were to 1) determine the interactive effects of changing environmental factors (i.e. increased CO���, nitrogen deposition, warming) on net carbon uptake in temperate forest ecosystems and 2) predict the net carbon emissions of West Coast forests under future climate scenarios and implementation of bioenergy programs. West Coast forests were found to be a current strong carbon sink after accounting for removals from harvest and fire. Net biome production (NBP) was 26 �� 3 Tg C yr�����, an amount equal to 18% of Washington, Oregon, and California fossil fuel emissions combined. Modeling of future conditions showed increased net primary production (NPP) because of climate and CO��� fertilization, but was eventually limited by nitrogen availability, while heterotrophic respiration (R[subscript h]) continued to increase, leading to little change in net ecosystem production (NEP). After accounting for harvest removals, management strategies which increased harvest compared to business-as-usual (BAU) resulted in decreased NBP. Increased harvest activity for bioenergy did not reduce short- or long-term emissions to the atmosphere regardless of the treatment intensity or product use. By the end of the 21st century, the carbon accumulated in forest regrowth and wood product sinks combined with avoided emissions from fossil fuels and fire were insufficient to offset the carbon lost from harvest removals, decomposition of wood products, associated harvest/transport/manufacturing emissions, and bioenergy combustion emissions. The only scenario that reduced carbon emissions compared to BAU over the 90 year period was a 'No Harvest' scenario where NBP was significantly higher than BAU for most of the simulation period. Current and future changes to baseline conditions that weaken the forest carbon sink may result in no change to emissions in some forest types. / Graduation date: 2013

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 61-62) Also available in print.

The work presented in this thesis stemmed out of the apparent lack of a method for incorporating salinity effects into environmental life cycle assessments. Salination of the water resources is a well-known problem in South Africa, and is of strategic concern. Any environmental decision support. tool that does not allow the evaluation of salinity effects therefore has limited applicability in the South African context. The starting-point for the work presented in this thesis was to evaluate existing impact categories, and the characterisation models used to calculate equivalency factors for these impact categories, in an attempt to incorporate salinity effects into existing categories and/or characterisation models. The types of effects that elevated (above normal background levels) dissolved salt concentrations have on the natural and man-made environment were evaluated, and it was concluded that, although there was some overlap with existing impact categories, some of the salinity effects could not be described by existing impact categories. It was also concluded that there are clear and quantifiable causal relationships between releases to the environment and salinity effects. A separate salinity impact category was therefore recommended that includes all salinity effects, including; aquatic ecotoxicity effects, damage to man-made environment, loss of agricultural production (livestock and crops), aesthetic effects and effects to terrestrial fauna and flora. Damage to the man-made environment is evaluated in terms of effects on equipment and structures, interference with processes, product quality and complexity of waste treatment, and is used as an indicator for the environmental consequences derived from the caused additional activity in the man-made environment. Once a conceptual model for a separate salinity impact category had been formulated, existing characterisation models were evaluated to determine their applicability for modelling salinity effects. Salination is a global problem, but generally restricted to local or regional areas, and in order to characterise salinity effects, an environmental fate model would be required in order to estimate salt concentrations in the various compartments, particularly surface and subsurface water. A well-known environmental fate and effect model was evaluated to determine if it could be used either as is, or in modified form to calculate salinity potentiaIs for LCA. It was however concluded that the model is not suitable for the calculation of salinity potentials, and it was therefore decided to develop an environmental fate model that would overcome the limitations of existing model, in terms of modelling the movement of salts in the environment. In terms of spatial differentiation, the same approach that was adopted in the existing model was adopted in developing an environmental fate model for South African conditions. This was done by defining a aunit South African catchmenta (including the air volume above the catchment), which consists of an urban surface; rural agricultural soil (and associated soil moisture); rural natural soil (and associated moisture), groundwater (natural and agricultural) and one river with a flow equal to the sum of the flows of all rivers in South Africa, and a concentration equal to the average concentration of each river in the country. A non steady-state environmental fate model (or, hydrosalinity model) was developed that can predict environmental concentrations at a daily time-step in all the compartments relevant to the calculation of salinity potentials. The environmental fate model includes all the major processes governing the distribution of common ions (sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, chloride and bicarbonate) in the various compartments, and described as total dissolved salts. The effect factors used in the characterisation model were based on the target water quality ranges given by the South African Water Quality Guidelines in order to calculate salinity potentials. The total salinity potential is made up of a number of salinity effects potentials, including; damage to man-made environment, aquatic ecotoxicity effects, damage to man-made environment, loss of agricultural production (livestock and crops), aesthetic effects and effects to terrestrial fauna and flora. The total salinity potentials for emissions into the various initial release compartments are shown in the table below. Initial release compartment Atmosphere River Rural natural surface Rural agricultural surface Total salinity potential (kg TDS equJkg) 0.013 0.16 0.03 1.00 The salinity potentiaIs are only relevant to South African conditions, and their use in LeA in other countries may not be applicable. This, in effect, means that the life cycle activities that generate salts should be within the borders of South Africa. It has been recognised that the LCA methodology requires greater spatial differentiation. Salination is a global problem, but generally restricted to local or regional areas on the globe, and it is foreseen that local or regional salinity potentials would need to be calculated for different areas of the earth where salinity is a problem. The LCA practitioner would then need to know something about the spatial distribution of LCA activities in order to apply the relevant salinity potentials. The LCA practitioner should also take care when applying the salinity potentials to prevent double accounting for certain impacts. Currently, this is simple because no equivalency factors exist for common ions, or for total dissolved salts as a lumped parameter. The distribution of salinity potentials, which make up the total salinity potential, appears to be supported by the environmental policies and legislation of South Africa, in which irrigation using saline water is listed as a controlled activity, and subject to certain conditions. The major recommendations regarding further work are focussed on the collection of data that will allow further refinement of the model, and to decrease the uncertainty and variability associated with the results. The values of the published equivalency factors are dependent on the mathematical definition of the local or regional environment, and these values have been calculated for Westem European conditions. Equivalency factors may vary by several orders of magnitude, depending on how the local or regional conditions have been defined. It is therefore recommended that the model developed in this work ultimately be included into a global nested model that can be used to calculate equivalency factors for other compounds, including heavy metals and organic compounds. This would result in equivalency factors for all compounds that are relevant to South Africa. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 61-62).