To manage common resources such as water bodies, forests and the air is complex since several stakeholders are involved and affected by the use of the resource. One way to manage common resources is through co-management. Co-management is a decentralized method that empowers the local level and enables collaboration between the government and the local community. Co-management within fishing communities can be realized through so called Beach Management Units (BMUs). Around Lake Victoria, there are 1087 BMUs. One of these BMUs is located in Ggaba, Kampala, Uganda and the purpose of this study is to highlight benefits and shortcomings connected to co-management within fisheries. The study aims to explore if and how sustainability aspects are tackled through the co-management of fisheries. The data was collected using qualitative semi-structured interviews where six BMU members contributed with their experiences. In addition, data was collected from a qualitative content analysis on two BMU guideline documents, representing the central level. The results showed that the Ggaba BMU provides a platform for creating control through collaboration. The local levels’ perception on co-management within fisheries seems to correspond with the central level’s aim of the management. Another indication is that the BMU has brought upon positive effects on economic, social and ecological aspects on the society of Ggaba. However, corruption and illegal fishing are two identified barriers which seems to limit the function of the Ggaba BMU and the level of co-management. / Gemsamma resurser så som vattendrag, skogar och atmosfären är komplexa att hantera eftersom flera aktörer är involverade och påverkas av resursanvändningen. Ett sätt att hantera gemensamma resurser är genom samförvaltning. Samförvaltning är en decentraliserad förvaltningsmetod som möjliggör ett samarbete mellan den lokala och statliga nivån vid beslutsfattande. Omkring Victoriasjön realiseras samförvaltning genom så kallade Beach Management Units (BMUs). Dessa utgörs av 1087 stycken varav en BMU är lokaliserad i Ggaba, Kampala, Uganda. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa fördelar och brister kopplade till samförvaltning av fiske. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om och hur aspekter inom hållbar utveckling kan tacklas genom det decentraliserade styret av fiske. Data insamlades genom sex stycken kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessutom gjordes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av två BMU-riktlinjedokument, vilka representerar den centrala nivån. Det empiriska materialet visade att Ggaba BMU utgör en plattform för strukturering, kontroll och samarbete. Den lokala nivåns syn på samförvaltning inom fiske verkar överensstämma med den centrala nivåns avsikt av samförvaltning. Resultatet indikerar även att BMUn har påverkat ekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska aspekter i Ggaba på ett positivt sätt. Problem med korruption och olagligt fiske identifierades dock, vilka verkar begränsa BMUns funktion och möjligheterna till samförvaltning.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2008. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-12T12:27:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tiago_gandra.pdf: 4024866 bytes, checksum: 3540cf3f3ea76e36028fd0985ef4ab5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-17T18:40:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tiago_gandra.pdf: 4024866 bytes, checksum: 3540cf3f3ea76e36028fd0985ef4ab5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-17T18:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tiago_gandra.pdf: 4024866 bytes, checksum: 3540cf3f3ea76e36028fd0985ef4ab5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho trata de dois instrumentos de suporte à gestão ambiental previstos no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro (PNGC) - o Sistema de Informações Geográficas Costeiras (SIGERCO) e o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico Costeiro (ZEEC) - utilizando o Município de Rio Grande (RS) como estudo de caso. Ele consiste na organização e integração de dados no SIGERCO de maneira que este possa auxiliar no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia simples, flexível e replicável para a elaboração do ZEEC. Existe uma forte demanda para que os municípios costeiros elaborem seus ZEEC, mas as experiências anteriores utilizaram metodologias e resultados que não seguem os critérios e classes definidos pelo PNGC. Para a construção do ZEEC é necessária a definição da Unidade Ambiental de Gestão (UAG’s) adequada. Para tal, foram compilados diversos tipos de divisão territorial já realizadas na região. Para a definição das UAG’s foi escolhida a abordagem geomorfológica, baseando-se em experiências anteriores registradas na bibliografia. Os critérios definidos pelo PNGC para o ZEEC são subjetivos, possibilitando uma enorme gama de zoneamentos distintos, dependente dos pesos atribuídos a cada critério e da definição de quebras de classe. Foram avaliados e comparados quatro experimentos de ZEEC segundo as diretrizes do PNGC, bem como um ZEEC obtido com os critérios utilizados em Santa Catarina e o zoneamento aprovado no Plano Ambiental Municipal (PLAM) de Rio Grande. O SIGERCO produzido para o município pode representar um salto na compreensão e difusão de conhecimentos científicos para a tomada de decisões, desde que seja disponibilizado via internet e esteja em constante ampliação e atualização. A metodologia proposta nesta dissertação exige poucos dados para a elaboração do ZEEC (geomorfologia, vegetação, usos dos solos e censo do IBGE), o que possibilita a rápida elaboração ou adequação dos ZEEC’s. A subjetividade da metodologia proposta deve ser o espaço de flexibilidade para a decisão, que deverá ser tomada através de consultas públicas a todos os atores sociais. Apesar de não seguir os critérios e classes propostos, o ZEEM aprovado no PLAM de Rio Grande não apresentou grandes diferenças espaciais de proposição de usos quando comparado ao ZEEC proposto. Portanto, o ZEEM atual deve ser testado na prática, implementado e revisado periodicamente, o que seria uma boa oportunidade a adequação aos critérios propostos no PNGC. / This work dealt with two instruments created by the Brazilian Government to support the environmental management in the context of the Brazilian National Plan for Coastal Management (PNGC), using the city of Rio Grande (RS) as a case study. Such instruments were the Geographical Information System of the Coastal Zone (SIGERCO) and the Coastal Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEEC). It consisted of the organization and integration of data in the SIGERCO in a manner that can assist the development of a simple methodology for the elaboration of the ZEEC. There is strong demand that coastal cities elaborate their ZEEC; however, previous experiences have used methodologies and results that do not follow the criteria and classification defined in the PNGC. For ZEEC construction, the definition of Environmental Management Units (EMU’s) is necessary. Therefore, diverse types of territorial division already elaborated in the city area were compiled. Geomorphology was chosen for defining the geographical limits of the EMUs, based on previous experiences in literature. The criteria defined by the PNGC for the ZEEC are subjective, making an enormous gamma of distinct zonings possible, depending on the weights attributed to each criterion and the chosen class breaks. In this work, four ZEEC experiments were evaluated and compared, as well as a ZEEC following the State of Santa Catarina zoning and the zoning approved in the Municipal Environmental Plan (PLAM) of Rio Grande. The SIGERCO organized for this city can represent a large improvement in comprehension and diffusion of scientific knowledge to decision-makers. However, it has to be available on the internet, and constantly updated. The ZEEC methodology proposed in this work demands few data for its elaboration, consisting basically of geomorphological and land-use maps and socio-economic data collected by IBGE. This makes possible the fast adequacy of zonings already elaborated and the construction of new ones for the entire Brazilian coast. Moreover, the establishment of criteria weights and class breaks must be carried out through public consultations, involving decision-makers, scientific community and organized civil society. Although it did not follow the established methodology, the ZEEM approved in the PLAM did not present large spatial differences in the uses proposition when compared to the ZEEC. Therefore, the ZEEM must be tested in the real world and periodically be revised. This would be a good opportunity for adjusting it to the criteria considered in the National Plan for Coastal Management.

This diploma work has been made on legal basis, of which the framework is act no. 240/2000 Coll. (the Crisis Act) and other related legal regulations.The objective of the submitted study is to evaluate, by means of comparison of the structure and organization at the time of preventive measures and resolving of emergencies or crisis situations, readiness of single crisis management units of the regional self-government and public administration in South Bohemia.As a result it can be stated that the place and role of the crisis management in the structures of the South Bohemian public administration are irreplaceable and functional as far as resolving of emergencies and crisis situations is concerned, in spite of the fact that the rules are not always fixed and their interpretation is not always clear, which is caused by certain deficiencies in legal framework.

Ce travail de thèse s'insère dans une démarche globale d'acquisition des connaissances sur la tortue verte (Chelonia mydas) dans l'océan Indien occidental et ce afin de disposer d'éléments scientifiques essentiels à la mise en place d'une gestion cohérente et efficace de cette espèce menacée. Dans un premier temps, appliquant différentes modèles statistiques, ce travail a visé à établir des données de référence sur l'abondance des tortues vertes femelles en reproduction et les tendances sur le long terme des principales populations. Dans un second temps, il a consisté à déterminer la structure génétique et les relations qui existent entre les différentes populations de cette espèce. Enfin, la conservation des tortues marines étant étroitement liée aux pressions extérieures, ce travail a tenté dans un troisième temps de caractériser les pressions anthropiques qu'elles subissent, et notamment celles liées à la pêche. L'ensemble de ces résultats a permis de réaliser des avancées majeures dans la connaissance de la biologie et de l'écologie de la tortue verte et de disposer d'une vision régionale fiable de l'état de conservation de cette espèce dans l'océan Indien occidental. Leur compilation a ainsi permis d'identifier des zones régionales prioritaires de protection mais aussi des sites de vigilance plus spécifiques comme celui d'Europa. Enfin cette synthèse met en lumière les priorités de recherche et les approches scientifiques à favoriser à l'avenir pour améliorer les connaissances et affiner les priorités de conservation non seulement des tortues marines, mais aussi de la mégafaune marine en général. / This thesis is a comprehensive work aiming to improve scientific knowledge on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in order to provide key scientific evidences needed for the implementation of coherent and effective management measures to protect at the Western Indian Ocean scale this threatened species. In a first step, this work aimed to established baseline data on the abundance of green turtles nesting females and long term trends of some key nesting populations of the region by applying different modelling methods. In a second step, this work determined the regional genetic structure of this species and the relationships that exists between the different populations. Finally, the conservation of marine turtles being closely dependant to external pressures, this work tried to characterize theanthropogenic pressures they face, more specifically those related to fishing activities. All these results allowed unraveling some key gaps on the biology and ecology of the green turtle in the region and led to a global vision of the conservation status of this species in the Western Indian Ocean. The compilation of the results enabled the identification of regional priority areas for protection, but also some more specific threatened sites such as Europa. Finally, this synthesis shedslight on research priorities and scientific approaches to be promote in the future to unlock other keyscientific issues and refine conservation priorities, not only of marine turtles, but also of marine megafauna as a whole.