We study a system of neutral atoms trapped in a three-dimensional optical lattice suitable for the encoding, initialization and manipulation of atomic qubits. The qubits are manipulated by applied electromagnetic fields interacting with dipole moments of the atoms via light shifts, Raman transitions, Zeeman shifts, and microwave transitions. Our lattice is formed by three orthogonal one-dimensional lattices, which have different frequencies so that interference terms average to zero. This geometry allows considerable freedom in designing the component one-dimensional lattices, so that they provide not only confinement but also independent control in each dimension. Our atomic qubits are initialized from a laser-cooled atomic sample by Raman sideband cooling in individual lattice potential wells. We have demonstrated accurate and robust one-qubit manipulation using resonant microwave fields. In practice such control operations are always subject to errors, in our case spatial inhomogeneities in the microwave Rabi frequency and the light shifted qubit transition frequency. Observation of qubit dynamics in near real time allows us to minimize these inhomogeneities, and therefore optimize qubit logic gates. For qubits in the lattice, we infer a fidelity of 0.990(3) for a single pi-pulse. We have also explored the use of NMR-type pulse techniques in order to further reduce the effect of errors and thus improve gate robustness in the atom/lattice system. Our schemes for two-qubit quantum logic operations are based on controlled collisional interactions. We have experimented with two schemes in order to probe these collisions. The first involves manipulation of the center-of-mass wavepackets of two qubits in a geometry corresponding to two partially overlapping Mach-Zender interferometers. Unfortunately, this scheme has proven extremely sensitive to phase errors, as the wavepackets are moved by the optical lattice. The other scheme starts with two qubits in spatially separated traps, and utilizes microwaves to drive one or both qubits into a third trap in-between the two qubits. Once the wavepackets overlap, the collisions create a large energy shift which can be probed spectroscopically.

Den svarta marknaden kostar staten ca 70 miljarder kr eller ca 4% av bruttonationalprodukten. Ekonomisk brottslighet i sin helhet är ett omfattande och aktuellt problem. Kontantbranschen är den bransch som främst berörs av detta. Restaurangbranschen är en av de omtalade branscherna där manipulation av kassaregister pågår. Detta brott sker på många olika sätt, vilket dels kan bero på att det idag inte existerar någon regel som innebär att samtliga ska ha ett kassaregister. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att ur empiriskt underlag öka kunskapen om del mängden av manipulation av kassaregister. Vi ville skapa en uppfattning om vad fenomenet innebär och hur man försöker åtgärda denna typ av brott. Vi har valt att utgå ifrån en kvalitativ undersökning genom öppna och personliga intervjuer med representanter från de olika myndigheterna: Skatteverket, Länsstyrelsen och Ekobrottsmyndigheten. Vi har utgått ifrån ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Vårt teoretiska perspektiv utgår från Baumol William J teori; Entrepreneurship; Productive, Unproductive, and destructive och Becker Gary teori; Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Vårt empiriska underlag är en sammanställning av de tre intervjuerna med de nämnda myndigheterna. Slutsatsen från vår undersökning är att denna typ av brott har varken ökat eller minskat fast med hjälp av den ökade kunskapen har man påbörjat en intensivare motarbetning. En del i bekämpandet mot detta är de vidtagna åtgärderna Skatteverkets insatser och ”Operation Krogsanering” (som består av en samverkan mellan myndigheterna) samt den planerade framtida åtgärden förslaget ”Krav på kassaregister”. Förslaget ska medföra bl.a. hårdare kontroll och har som avsikt att underlätta upptäckt av manipulering genom införande av certifierade kassaregister samt ge Skatteverket ökad kontroll befogenhet.

Physically based space planning is a means for automating the conceptual design process by applying the physics of motion to space plan elements. This methodology provides for a responsive design process, allowing a designer to easily make decisions whose consequences propagate throughout the design. It combines the speed of automated design methods with the flexibility of manual design methods, while adding a highly interactive quality and a sense of collaboration with the design. The primary assumption is that a digital design tool based on a physics paradigm can facilitate the architectural space planning process. The hypotheses are that Newtonian dynamics can be used 1) to define mechanical metaphors to represent the elements in an architectural space plan, 2) to compute architectural space planning solutions, and 3) to interact with architectural space plans. I show that space plan elements can be represented as physical masses, that design objectives can be represented using mechanical metaphors such as springs, repulsion fields, and screw clamps, that a layout solution can be computed by using these elements in a dynamical simulation, and that the user can interact with that solution by applying forces that are also models of the same mechanical objects. I present a prototype software application that successfully implements this approach. A subjective evaluation of this prototype reveals that it demonstrates a feasible process for producing space plans, and that it can potentially improve the design process because of the quality of the manipulation and the enhanced opportunities for design exploration it provides to the designer. I found that an important characteristic of this approach is that representation, computation, and interaction are all defined using the same paradigm. This contrasts with most approaches to automated space planning, where these three characteristics are usually defined in completely different ways. Also emerging from this work is a new cognitive theory of design titled 'dynamical design imagery,' which proposes that the elements in a designer's mental imagery during the act of design are dynamic in nature and act as a dynamical system, rather than as static images that are modified in a piecewise algorithmic manner.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas žurnalistų suvoktų ir rutininėje darbo praktikoje taikomų profesinių vertybių santykis su jų vykdoma informacijos ieškos, apdorojimo ir skelbimo veikla, šių plotmių neatitikimas, dėl ko tampa galimas manipuliacijos naudojimas ir žurnalistų dalyvavimas manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Darbe teoriškai pagrįstas žurnalistų profesinių vertybių tyrimas ir aptarti nacionalinės žiniasklaidos instituto galios kultūrinis ir ekonominis kontekstai. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą nustatyti vienpusio, abipusio ir mišraus poveikio komunikaciniai santykiai, išanalizuota sąveikos partnerių padėtis. Empirinio tyrimo duomenys leido nustatyti galimus žurnalistų manipuliacinio mentaliteto tipus. Atitinkamai buvo konstatuotas manipuliacijos vertinimo ir naudojimo santykis, fiksuotas komercinio intereso paskatintas manipuliacijos naudojimo ir žurnalistų atlyginimo dydžio ryšys, išnagrinėta manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir tokio elgesio sąmoningumo sąsaja, išanalizuotas manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir žurnalistų profesinėms vertybėms priešingo elgesio aktyvumo santykis. Darbe taip pat aptarta kintanti cenzūros ir šiuolaikinė žurnalistikos misijos samprata, nustatyta žurnalistų vieta naujienų vadybos manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Tyrimas leido padaryti išvadą, jog naujienų vadybos intervencija į naujienų gamybos procesą yra ekonominių veiksnių nulemto savanaudiškų žurnalistų ir šaltinių profesinių interesų proveržio pasekmė. Naujienų vadyba turi neigiamą poveikį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The problem investigated in the dissertation is the relationship between journalists’ understanding and practice of the professional values in their daily routines and the expansion of news management scenarios into the news production stages. Work presents theoretical framework for the analysis of the professional values as well as the analyses of the power of national media in cultural and economic contexts. Empirical research let to confirm the types of communicative relationships: that of the one-way effect, the mutual effect, and that of the hybrid effect and showed the dynamic position of the journalists during the social interactions of their professional activities. Types of possible manipulative mentality were distinguished in the work. A link between the evaluation of the manipulation and its use was found. The research also showed the relation between the use of the manipulation originated from the materialistic interest and the size of the journalists’ salaries. The connection between the frequency of the manipulation use and the awareness of the use was indicated. The ties between the rate of the manipulation use and the activeness of the contradictory to the professional values behavior were investigated. The research has permitted the detection of manipulative schemes. The use of the manipulation is more often along with the pragmatic professional values. The dissertation states that news management intervention to the news production process is influenced by... [to full text]

The problem investigated in the dissertation is the relationship between journalists’ understanding and practice of the professional values in their daily routines and the expansion of news management scenarios into the news production stages. Work presents theoretical framework for the analysis of the professional values as well as the analyses of the power of national media in cultural and economic contexts. Empirical research let to confirm the types of communicative relationships: that of the one-way effect, the mutual effect, and that of the hybrid effect and showed the dynamic position of the journalists during the social interactions of their professional activities. Types of possible manipulative mentality were distinguished in the work. A link between the evaluation of the manipulation and its use was found. The research also showed the relation between the use of the manipulation originated from the materialistic interest and the size of the journalists’ salaries. The connection between the frequency of the manipulation use and the awareness of the use was indicated. The ties between the rate of the manipulation use and the activeness of the contradictory to the professional values behavior were investigated. The research has permitted the detection of manipulative schemes. The use of the manipulation is more often along with the pragmatic professional values. The dissertation states that news management intervention to the news production process is influenced by... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas žurnalistų suvoktų ir rutininėje darbo praktikoje taikomų profesinių vertybių santykis su jų vykdoma informacijos ieškos, apdorojimo ir skelbimo veikla, šių plotmių neatitikimas, dėl ko tampa galimas manipuliacijos naudojimas ir žurnalistų dalyvavimas manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Darbe teoriškai pagrįstas žurnalistų profesinių vertybių tyrimas ir aptarti nacionalinės žiniasklaidos instituto galios kultūrinis ir ekonominis kontekstai. Atlikus empirinį tyrimą nustatyti vienpusio, abipusio ir mišraus poveikio komunikaciniai santykiai, išanalizuota sąveikos partnerių padėtis. Empirinio tyrimo duomenys leido nustatyti galimus žurnalistų manipuliacinio mentaliteto tipus. Atitinkamai buvo konstatuotas manipuliacijos vertinimo ir naudojimo santykis, fiksuotas komercinio intereso paskatintas manipuliacijos naudojimo ir žurnalistų atlyginimo dydžio ryšys, išnagrinėta manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir tokio elgesio sąmoningumo sąsaja, išanalizuotas manipuliacijos naudojimo dažnumo ir žurnalistų profesinėms vertybėms priešingo elgesio aktyvumo santykis. Darbe taip pat aptarta kintanti cenzūros ir šiuolaikinė žurnalistikos misijos samprata, nustatyta žurnalistų vieta naujienų vadybos manipuliaciniuose scenarijuose. Tyrimas leido padaryti išvadą, jog naujienų vadybos intervencija į naujienų gamybos procesą yra ekonominių veiksnių nulemto savanaudiškų žurnalistų ir šaltinių profesinių interesų proveržio pasekmė. Naujienų vadyba turi neigiamą poveikį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xviii, 140 leaves / Each healing encounter, and every treatment, has specific and non-specific treatment effects. Non – specific effects, or placebo effects, are the benefits felt by the patients because of the nature of the healing encounter. Although difficult to quantify and control, a number of authors recognize that the non-specific component of management has an additive effect on the overall clinical outcome. It has been reported that due to the physical interaction and social nature of chiropractic, there is a strong non-specific component in the management process, but to what extent it facilitates in the healing encounter is unknown. It has also been shown that spinal manipulation has a clinical effect which exceeds that of placebo; therefore it is possible for its effect to be muted or amplified, depending on the presence or absence of non-specific effects. For the above reasons this study was conducted in an attempt to map the size of the non-specific effect in the healing encounter by manipulating the practice setting in which the patients were treated.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept.of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2003 xv, 93 leaves / Plantar Fasciitis (PF) is a common injury, and one which is known to be stubborn to many forms of treatment. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of manipulation of the subtalar joint combined with static stretching of the Triceps Surae muscles compared to manipulation alone in the treatment of PF. Studies have shown chiropractic manipulation to be effective in treating this overuse injury, and gastro-soleus stretching is a treatment advocated by many authors, but which has not yet been investigated in combination with manipulation. This study consisted of 40 patients who were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group One received manipulation to restrictions in the subtalar joint, and Group Two received subtalar manipulation in addition to two static stretched of the gastro-soleus muscles.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) -Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. xiii, 44 leaves, Annexures A-F / The purpose of this study is to determine whether the cumulative effect of studying, and practising manual therapeutic techniques (including receiving manipulation), is associated with chiropractic students experiencing low back pain (LBP). According to Smith (2005), students currently registered in the Durban Institute of Technology Health faculty were found to have the highest proportion of LBP when compared to students in other faculties. Thirty seven percent of the students with LBP were chiropractic students. In a study performed by Macanuel et al. (2005) on undergraduate chiropractic training, it was concluded that chiropractic students experience side effects during chiropractic technique class. There is epidemiological evidence that chiropractors are a high-risk group of health professionals who experience low back disorders (Tim 1996, Lorme and Naqv 2003, Rupert and Ebete 2004). Rupert and Ebete (2004) suggest that the majority of chiropractors have suffered an occupational injury primarily related to administering manual procedures.

Submitted in partial compliance for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / The aim of this study was to investigate patient management protocols of low back pain (LBP) by chiropractors in the greater Durban metropolitan area. In this investigation a more generalized approach was chosen to investigate trends within the field of patient management and education for LBP. The study population of 80 chiropractors in the greater Durban metropolitan area, required a minimum response rate of 70% to obtain statistical significance (Esterhuizen, 2008), which was achieved. This study involved a quantitative descriptive design utilizing a questionnaire developed and validated by the researcher and focus group. The questionnaire was comprised of three sections, including personal information, treatment protocols and patient management with advice and education. Statistical analysis involved the use of SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), a data analysis tool. Descriptive objectives were analysed with frequency tables and cross-tabulation tables (Esterhuizen, 2008). Demographic variables and practice variables were assessed for association with responses to the questionnaire using Pearson’s Chi square test in the case of categorical demographics and responses (Esterhuizen, 2008). Bar graphs were included to reflect the treatments that were always or frequently used by respondents (Esterhuizen, 2008). There appeared to be a wide range of influences on practice philosophy and methods, independent of demographics and training institute. A chiropractor’s age was regarded as significant with regard to philosophical orientation. However, the majority of these chiropractors obtained their qualifications from international colleges. vi Spinal manipulations directed at quadratus lumborum myofascial trigger points were strongly advocated by respondents. Specific short lever manipulations were the preferred manipulation technique for treatment of LBP. Sacroiliac joint manipulation was also considered important by a significant proportion of respondents. Respondents most commonly recommended the use of mobilizations and cryotherapy when contra-indications to manipulation were evident. There was consensus in the number of days before the first follow-up after an initial treatment for a presentation of acute LBP, where 96.42% of respondents recommended follow-up at day 1 or 2. In chronic LBP first follow-up after initial treatment was recommended by 41.1% of respondents on day 2; 28.6% day 3 and 8.9% on day 1. Management protocols for acute LBP appeared to be more uniform when compared to management of chronic LBP. Despite the variances in philosophy and management protocols amongst respondents, there remains consensus that manual articular manipulation remains the mainstay in chiropractic treatment protocols for both acute and chronic LBP.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Through the literature review it has become apparent that low back pain is a very real problem in most societies. It has been suggested that there is enough evidence to prove the relationship between low back pain and local muscle dysfunction and that focus in management of these patients should be the rehabilitation of these muscles by exercise. Literature suggests that optimal core muscle strength, control and endurance working synergistically with the rest of the neuromusculoskeletal system is necessary for lumbar spine stability . Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition is caused by distension and/or damage of a joint and is thought to disable the muscle from contracting all its muscle fibres. When a joint is injured it is thought that AMI causes muscle weakness, which in turn hampers the rehabilitation process of that joint despite complete muscle integrity. Spinal manipulative therapy has been shown to alter the excitability of spinal muscle motor neurons due to the stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the joint capsules suggesting that SMT could be a means to remove this inhibitory action. The literature supports the hypothesis that a decrease in the neurological deficit caused by AMI may result in a faster recovery rate. Aims The aim of this study is to determine the immediate effect of thoraco-lumbar spinal manipulation compared to lower lumbar spinal manipulation on core muscle endurance and activity in patients with mechanical low back pain by assessing the correlation between the objective and subjective measures. Method A prospective, convenience sample with purpose allocation (pre /post) clinical trial was used as the sampling method. Thirty participants where placed in two groups, group one and group two, of fifteen people each. Group one underwent spinal v manipulative therapy between L4 and S1 spinal levels. Group two underwent spinal manipulative therapy in between T8 and L1 spinal levels. The objective and subjective testing was done pre- and post-intervention. The objective data was that of a surface EMG attached bilaterally over the internal oblique as well as a prone abdominal draw in biofeedback test. The subjective data included a pain numerical rating scale (0-100). Results The results showed to partially favour group two (thoraco-lumbar), in both increased endurance time that would prove that AMI does in fact inhibit the transversus abdominis and obliques internus, thus it would hinder the rehabilitative process. Some of the statistics where not in favour of the aims, as there was no difference in the effect of group one or two on the NRS, as both improved consistently. It would be recommended that use be made of fine-wire EMG for testing the activity in both the obliques internus and the transversus abdominis, which would allow for more consistent readings, thus adding strength to the research.