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Analise dos efeitos da temperatura e do tempo de utilização em elementos sensores tipo tubo de Bourdon / Analyze the effect of the temperature and the time of use in sensing elements type Bourdon tubeIano, Marcos Chogi 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T07:39:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Iano_MarcosChogi_D.pdf: 40621209 bytes, checksum: d971e987a0e70601a78ccb0bd1587e8e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Instrumentos de monitoramento como termômetros, multímetros, voltímetros, manômetros, etc, são imprescindíveis para o controle e confiabilidade de um processo. No entanto, não muito raramente, os cuidados para o perfeito funcionamento destes instrumentos são colocados em segundo plano ou negligenciados. Os resultados destes descuidos, em um primeiro momento, são variações no processo e em um cenário mais negativo, interrupção e possíveis acidentes. Neste estudo, procurou-se analisar os efeitos da temperatura e do tempo de utilização nos elementos sensores de manômetros que utilizam tubo de Bourdon. Para induzir e acelerar estes efeitos montou-se uma bancada de testes composta de um reservatório onde os manômetros foram submergidos e submetidos a variações de temperatura por tempos determinados e um sistema de controle da pressão exercida sobre os manômetros. Tanto no inicio, quanto ao final de cada bateria de solicitação, os manômetros foram re-calibrados. Deste modo, geraram-se parâmetros para comparações e subsídios para se determinar os erros relativos dos instrumentos, oriundos da deterioração dos elementos sensores. Com base nos resultados alcançados puderam-se determinar, de forma a orientar os usuários de instrumentos/sistemas similares, os erros relativos esperados em cada faixa de temperatura, pressão e tempo de utilização destes instrumentos, além de auxiliá-lo na determinação do período ideal para calibrações e conhecimento de sua vida útil. / Abstract: Systems monitoring instruments like thermometers, multimeters, voltmeters, manometers, etc, are of such importance to monitor and processes reliability controlling. However, it's uncommon to have the due cares for their perfect operation being in certain moments put in second place or neglected. The results of those improper cares are the process variation and afterwards a more negative/imprecise scenario, unexpected interruption and worse possible accidents. In this study, it was analyzed the effect of temperature and time when using sensing elements like manometers which use Bourdon tube. To induce and accelerate these effects one work-bench tests was built consisting of a reservoir where the manometers were submerged and submitted under temperature variation to certain pre-determined times and a pressure controlling system on the manometers inserted. Within each pre-determined test sequence as the manometers were re-calibrated. Based on the obtained results this work gives subsidies to determine the deriving relative errors due to the sensing elements deterioration., moreover assist the user on the expected relative errors in each band of temperature, pressure and time, beyond of that determinate the ideal calibration period to obtain a known useful instrument lifetime. / Doutorado / Termica e Fluidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Development of Adapted Capacitance Manometer for Thermospheric ApplicationsOrr, Cameron Scott 08 June 2016 (has links)
An adapted capacitance manometer is a sensor composed of one fixed plate and one movable plate that is able to make accurate pressure measurements in a low pressure environment. Using detection circuitry, a change in capacitance between the two plates can be measured and correlated to a differential pressure. First, a high sensitivity manometer is produced that exhibits a measurable change in capacitance when experiencing a pressure differential in a low pressure space environment. Second, an accurate and precise detection circuit is identified to measure the change in capacitance. Both, the manometer and the detection circuitry, are tested separately and together to confirm accurate measurements when experiencing small pressure differentials. The manometer shows low sensitivity at the desired differential pressure range but reacts predictably when compared to simulations. The manometer also shows an unexpected correlation in capacitance change to temperature change. / Master of Science
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Determination of thermal transpiration effect for biomolecular gases with capacitance manometerJohansson, Martin Viktor January 2015 (has links)
Capacitance manometer with sensors maintained at temperatures above the temperature of the vacuum vessel may read a higher gas pressure than the true value. This arises due to a transport process of molecules induced by molecule-surface collisions called thermal transpiration effect. Thermal transpiration effect depends on the pressure, the temperature gradient, gas, geometry and surface properties of the interconnecting pipe between the capacitance manometer and the vacuum vessel. To determine the height of the thermal transpiration effect for the biomolecular gas tetrahydrofuran, an experimental setup has been built. Its suitability to measure the thermal transpiration effect has been tested. Measurements of thermal transpiration effects for nitrogen and tetrahydrofuran have been analyzed with the semi-empirical Takaishi-Sensui equation. The coefficients of the Takaishi-Sensui equation can be used to determine the magnitude of the thermal transpiration effect for different temperature gradients, diameters of the interconnecting pipe and pressures.
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Análise do fenômeno de cavitação em bomba centrífugaCoelho, Welington Ricardo [UNESP] 30 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
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Previous issue date: 2006-01-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:10:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
coelho_wr_dr_ilha_prot.pdf: 3240058 bytes, checksum: f2c138a1a2cb98ce4eb9f9618ea59484 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cavitação em bombas centrífugas é a formação de bolhas de vapor do fluido bombeado na região de sucção do equipamento. As bolhas de vapor formadas em algum local do escoamento, em geral na região de sucção da bomba, entrarão posteriormente em colapso. Este fenômeno é importante cientificamente, tecnicamente e economicamente. Cientificamente é interessante, pois envolve o escoamento de um fluido em estado líquido, simultaneamente ocorre a formação de bolhas de vapor, que também escoam juntamente ao fluido líquido. O processo de vaporização e condensação de um fluido é complexo, pois envolve mudança de fase, um fenômeno térmico não linear. Tecnicamente, é importante porque quando o escoamento se dá com cavitação os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos do escoamento bem como da bomba, em geral, são fortemente alterados na direção termodinâmica de maior produção de irreversibilidades. Economicamente, é custoso porque a cavitação, em geral, leva a perda de eficiência termodinâmica dos processos e em conseqüência haverá maior custo na produção de um dado bem, diminuindo a eficiência econômica e a competitividade da empresa. O escoamento com cavitação na sucção de bombas apresenta três aspectos danosos principais: cavitação pulsante com baixa vazão; cavitação não pulsante com baixa altura útil; e erosão cavitacional. A cavitação pulsante é caracterizada por grande formação de bolhas de forma transitória com baixa freqüência e grande amplitude, gerando forças vibratórias importantes no sistema de bombeamento. A cavitação pulsante também causa colapso do fluxo de massa do fluido bombeado com valores que vão do fluxo normal da instalação até valores quase nulos, transitoriamente. Na cavitação pulsante a erosão cavitacional e a queda na altura útil são pequenas... / Cavitation in centrifugal pumps is the development of vapor bubbles from the pumped liquid into equipment suction region. Vapor bubbles developed somewhere in the flow, generally in the pump suction, will afterwards along the flow to collapse. This phenomenon is scientifically, technically and economically important. Scientifically, it is interesting because involves the flow of a fluid on liquid state, and simultaneously happens vapor bubbles development that also flow together the liquid fluid. Fluid vaporization and condensation processes are complex because involves phase change, a non-linear thermal phenomenon. Technically, it is important because when the flow happens with cavitation the flow and pump hydrodynamic parameters, generally, are strongly modified toward bigger thermodynamic irreversibility production. Economically, it is expensive because cavitation, generally, leads to thermodynamic process efficiency loss, and consequently it will have bigger costs for production of a given good, then decreasing economic efficiency and company competitiveness. Flow with cavitation in the pump suction presents three main devastating aspects: surging cavitation with low flow rate; steady cavitation with low total head; and cavitational erosion. Surging cavitation is characterized by unsteady, low frequency and high amplitude, intense bubbles development, producing strong vibration forces into the pumping system. Surging cavitation also causes the collapse of pumped fluid mass flow rate with values that goes from the normal flow to values that almost reach the zero flow, unsteadily. In surging cavitation, the cavitational erosion and the breakdown in total head are small. In steady cavitation the mass flow rate, and even the flow rate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Análise do fenômeno de cavitação em bomba centrífuga /Coelho, Welington Ricardo. January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: João Batista Aparecido / Banca: Jose Luiz Gasche / Banca: Paulo Gilberto de Paula Toro / Resumo: Cavitação em bombas centrífugas é a formação de bolhas de vapor do fluido bombeado na região de sucção do equipamento. As bolhas de vapor formadas em algum local do escoamento, em geral na região de sucção da bomba, entrarão posteriormente em colapso. Este fenômeno é importante cientificamente, tecnicamente e economicamente. Cientificamente é interessante, pois envolve o escoamento de um fluido em estado líquido, simultaneamente ocorre a formação de bolhas de vapor, que também escoam juntamente ao fluido líquido. O processo de vaporização e condensação de um fluido é complexo, pois envolve mudança de fase, um fenômeno térmico não linear. Tecnicamente, é importante porque quando o escoamento se dá com cavitação os parâmetros hidrodinâmicos do escoamento bem como da bomba, em geral, são fortemente alterados na direção termodinâmica de maior produção de irreversibilidades. Economicamente, é custoso porque a cavitação, em geral, leva a perda de eficiência termodinâmica dos processos e em conseqüência haverá maior custo na produção de um dado bem, diminuindo a eficiência econômica e a competitividade da empresa. O escoamento com cavitação na sucção de bombas apresenta três aspectos danosos principais: cavitação pulsante com baixa vazão; cavitação não pulsante com baixa altura útil; e erosão cavitacional. A cavitação pulsante é caracterizada por grande formação de bolhas de forma transitória com baixa freqüência e grande amplitude, gerando forças vibratórias importantes no sistema de bombeamento. A cavitação pulsante também causa colapso do fluxo de massa do fluido bombeado com valores que vão do fluxo normal da instalação até valores quase nulos, transitoriamente. Na cavitação pulsante a erosão cavitacional e a queda na altura útil são pequenas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cavitation in centrifugal pumps is the development of vapor bubbles from the pumped liquid into equipment suction region. Vapor bubbles developed somewhere in the flow, generally in the pump suction, will afterwards along the flow to collapse. This phenomenon is scientifically, technically and economically important. Scientifically, it is interesting because involves the flow of a fluid on liquid state, and simultaneously happens vapor bubbles development that also flow together the liquid fluid. Fluid vaporization and condensation processes are complex because involves phase change, a non-linear thermal phenomenon. Technically, it is important because when the flow happens with cavitation the flow and pump hydrodynamic parameters, generally, are strongly modified toward bigger thermodynamic irreversibility production. Economically, it is expensive because cavitation, generally, leads to thermodynamic process efficiency loss, and consequently it will have bigger costs for production of a given good, then decreasing economic efficiency and company competitiveness. Flow with cavitation in the pump suction presents three main devastating aspects: surging cavitation with low flow rate; steady cavitation with low total head; and cavitational erosion. Surging cavitation is characterized by unsteady, low frequency and high amplitude, intense bubbles development, producing strong vibration forces into the pumping system. Surging cavitation also causes the collapse of pumped fluid mass flow rate with values that goes from the normal flow to values that almost reach the zero flow, unsteadily. In surging cavitation, the cavitational erosion and the breakdown in total head are small. In steady cavitation the mass flow rate, and even the flow rate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Mätosäkerhet vid kalibrering av referensutrustning för blodtrycksmätning : En modell för framtagning av mätosäkerhet för referensmanometer WA 767 / Measurement uncertainty for calibration of reference equipment for blood pressure measurement : A model for obtaining measurement uncertainty of reference manometer WA 767Patzauer, Rebecka, Wessel, Elin January 2016 (has links)
Avdelningen för Medicinsk teknik på Akademiska sjukhuset har uppdaterat befintliga kalibreringsprotokoll för Welch Allyn 767 som används som referensmanometer vid kalibrering av blodtrycksmätare. I protokollet ska det enligt ISO 9001 och ISO 13485 ingå att vid varje kalibreringspunkt ange mätosäkerheten. Rutiner kring detta var inte definierade. En modell för att ta fram mätosäkerhet utformades utifrån standardiserade metoder från “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” och anpassades för att kunna användas på den medicintekniska avdelningen. En mätmetod för kalibrering togs fram och med modellen beräknades mätosäkerhet för en referensmanometer. Mätosäkerheten med definierad mätmetod blev lägre än den av Welch Allyn specificerade mätosäkerheten på ± 3 mmHg. Felfortplantning från kalibrering till blodtrycksmätning undersöktes. Mätosäkerheten ökade i varje steg, varför avdelningen bör ta fram ett protokoll för hur kalibrering genomförs, och på så sätt förbättra spårbarheten. / The department of Medical Technology at Akademiska sjukhuset has updated their current protocol for calibration for Welch Allyn 767, which serves as a reference manometer for blood pressure meters when being calibrated. According to ISO 9001 and ISO 13485, the protocol has to include a measurement uncertainty for every given point of calibration. The routines regarding this were undefined. A model for retrieving measurement uncertainty was designed using standardized methods from “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” and was customized to be used at the department of Medical Technology. A method for calibration was created and used to calculate the measurement uncertainty for the reference manometer. This measurement uncertainty was smaller than the one specified by Welch Allyn, which was ± 3 mmHg. Propagation of uncertainty from the calibration to the blood pressure measurement was investigated. The measurement uncertainty increased in every step. Therefore, the department should introduce a protocol for how a calibration is performed, and thereby improve the traceability.
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Mätosäkerhet vid kalibrering av referensutrustning för blodtrycksmätning : En modell för framtagning av mätosäkerhet för referensmanometer WA 767 / Measurement uncertainty for calibration of reference equipment for blood pressure measurement : A model for obtaining measurement uncertainty of reference manometer WA 767Patzauer, Rebecka, Wessel, Elin January 2016 (has links)
Avdelningen för Medicinsk teknik på Akademiska sjukhuset har uppdaterat befintliga kalibreringsprotokoll för Welch Allyn 767 som används som referensmanometer vid kalibrering av blodtrycksmätare. I protokollet ska det enligt ISO 9001 och ISO 13485 ingå att vid varje kalibreringspunkt ange mätosäkerheten. Rutiner kring detta var inte definierade. En modell för att ta fram mätosäkerhet utformades utifrån standardiserade metoder från “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” och anpassades för att kunna användas på den medicintekniska avdelningen. En mätmetod för kalibrering togs fram och med modellen beräknades mätosäkerhet för en referensmanometer. Mätosäkerheten med definierad mätmetod blev lägre än den av Welch Allyn specificerade mätosäkerheten på ± 3 mmHg. Felfortplantning från kalibrering till blodtrycksmätning undersöktes. Mätosäkerheten ökade i varje steg, varför avdelningen bör ta fram ett protokoll för hur kalibrering genomförs, och på så sätt förbättra spårbarheten. / The department of Medical Technology at Akademiska sjukhuset has updated their current protocol for calibration for Welch Allyn 767, which serves as a reference manometer for blood pressure meters when being calibrated. According to ISO 9001 and ISO 13485, the protocol has to include a measurement uncertainty for every given point of calibration. The routines regarding this were undefined. A model for retrieving measurement uncertainty was designed using standardized methods from “Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement” and was customized to be used at the department of Medical Technology. A method for calibration was created and used to calculate the measurement uncertainty for the reference manometer. This measurement uncertainty was smaller than the one specified by Welch Allyn, which was ± 3 mmHg. Propagation of uncertainty from the calibration to the blood pressure measurement was investigated. The measurement uncertainty increased in every step. Therefore, the department should introduce a protocol for how a calibration is performed, and thereby improve the traceability.
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