The main goals of this thesis are description of a quite complicated peled breeding topic in the Czech Republic, evaluation of inconsistent taxonomical data, biology and ecology of the Coregonus maraena and Coregonus peled. The approach to peled breeding is in detail evaluated recently as well as in the past. Methods of breeding, fishing out, fish tank breeding and fish transfer are addressed. The questionary survey among peled producers was used for critical evaluation of their experience. The factors that discourage producers from peled breeding (eutrophication, predation by cormorants or otter as well as technological difficulties) were stated. Due to these factors the peled production is limited despite the stabile market demand. The case study of peled production was realized. In the condition of huge fish stock (carp and grass carp) the main negative impacts were confirmed.