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Most research into Bergson's influence to date has failed to take enough account of the philosopher's interest in the spiritual of meta-physical dimension of life. In seeking to interpret Bergson's thought many have focused upon 'la durée réelle' or 'l'élan vital' as the key concepts in his whole philosophy. If, instead, one were to begin with Bergson's main continuing preoccupation at first inchoate and only later more fully developed with spiritual activity in life, then the whole philosophy hangs together as a tapestry of one harmonious piece. Not only can it be clearly seen why Bergson opposes Kant and the positivists so vehemently, but it can also be understood why he eventually set his sights upon The two sources of morality and religion. In the eyes of many critics this work, far from completing a natural progression of thought, stands outside the main body of work as something ill-fitting and almost cavalier. This thesis attempts to redress the balance by demonstrating how the spiritual and religious interpretation of life is central to Bergson's thought. Having established this, I have assumed it likely that a lively Catholic interest in Bergson is something quite logical and natural. This proved to be the case. After all, the Catholics in France stood to gain or lose most by the introduction in intellectural circles of a new philosophical 'spiritualism'. They would obviously themselves have a vested interest in the discrediting of materialist and positivist philosophies. However, scholars have not seen the connection between Bergson and Christian thought very clearly and no detailed research into this particular field has been undertaken. I have consequently attempted to review both the general field of Catholic reactions in a largely chronological way and also the detailed ways in which Bergson's thought had on impact upon Catholic writers. My main conclusion from this research is that Bergson's work lent itself to adaptation and alteration to something more orthodox in Catholic terms. However it was some time before it was viewed in a favourable enough light for anything like this to be attempted. Much prejudice and misinterpretation surrounded Bergson for some years. Eventually, however, his theories made deep inroads into the mainstream of Catholic thought. His theories of perception and intuition, of movement and change, of static and dynamic religion, helped bring about a significant change in the development of twentieth century religious thought.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_cm_dr_assis.pdf: 1115773 bytes, checksum: 44916cb54c3cd6e7631940f8a3a238c6 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho estuda o intelectual católico Alceu Amoroso Lima no período histórico de 1928 a 1946 e tem por objetivo provar que esse intelectual passou do conservadorismo à democracia, nesse espaço de tempo, na medida em que abandonou suas idéias autoritárias - oriundas do contato com Jackson de Figueiredo e com o pensamento e a obra de autores conservadores europeus do século XIX, entre os quais Edmund Burke, Louis-Ambroise De Bonald, Juan Donoso Cortés e, principalmente, Joseph De Maistre. Mais tarde, Alceu Amoroso Lima chegou à democracia por meio do contato pessoal com o filósofo católico francês Jacques Maritain e das leituras que fez de sua obra, concretizando esse processo no início da segunda metade da década de 1940, mais especificamente em 1946. Esse processo de mudança pelo qual Alceu Amoroso Lima passou rumo à democracia ocorreu em um dos períodos mais decisivos da história do mundo contemporâneo, as décadas de 1930 e 1940, momento da ascensão e queda dos totalitarismos, da perseguição a judeus, comunistas, e da fragilidade da liberdade e da democracia. A atuação de Alceu Amoroso Lima no Brasil do governo de Getúlio Vargas carrega consigo o ônus de ser constituída pela defesa do princípio de autoridade e da limitação da liberdade, mas revela também a postura de um intelectual que soube, por meio do contato com a filosofia democrática de Jacques Maritain, abandonar posições insustentáveis e se converter à democracia e à liberdade, ainda em tempo, enquanto outros se mantiveram em silêncio. / This dissertation studies the Catholic intellectual Alceu de Amoroso Lima in the historical period from 1928 to 1946 and it was carried out to prove that this intellectual evolved from conservativeness to democracy, in that period, while he discarded his authoritarian ideas - derived from his contact with Jackson de Figueiredo and the thought and works of European conservative writers of the 19th century, such as Edmund Burke, Louis-Ambroise De Bonald, Juan Donoso Cortés and, in particular, Joseph De Maistre. Alceu Amoroso Lima approached democracy by establishing personal contact with the French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain and, by reading his works, he accomplished such a process at the beginning of the second half of the 1940s, more specifically in 1946. The evolution process experienced by Alceu Amoroso Lima towards democracy took place in one of the most decisive periods of contemporary world history, the 1930s and the 1940s, with the ascension and fall of totalitarian regimes, the chase after Jews, Communists, and the debility of freedom and democracy. Alceu Amoroso Limaþs action during Getulio Vargasþs government carries the burden of comprising both his defense of the authority principle and freedom restriction, but also shows the posture of an intellectual who, by having close contact with Jacques Maritainþs democratic philosophy, learned how to discard unsustainable positions and, in time, to convert to democracy and freedom, while other ones kept silence.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanches_el_dr_fran.pdf: 2965019 bytes, checksum: c5a8a94f3a531688f5974767207d5a82 (MD5) / Este trabalho procura identificar o pensamento humanitário de Charles Chaplin usando a seqüência que encerra o seu filme “O grande ditador” (The great dictator, 1940 – EUA) como principal fonte de estudo. Propõe-se ainda confrontar o pensamento do ator e cineasta com o “Humanismo Integral” de Jacques Maritain, bem como com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, estabelecendo relações entre as partes / This work try to identify the Charles Chaplin’s humanitarian thought using the final sequence of the film “The great dictator” (ditto, 1940 – USA) like principal fountain of study. It propose yet to confront the actor’s thought with the “Integral Humanism” of Jacques Maritian, just as with the Human Rights Universe Declaration, make acquaintance between the parts

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce mémoire présente une analyse des influences causées par l’œuvre kierkegaardienne à l’intérieur des différentes conceptions de l’existentialisme du 20e siècle. Considérant tout d’abord deux lectures chrétiennes de l’existentialisme moderne, celle proposée dans l’Introduction aux existentialismes d’Emmanuel Mounier et celle du Court traité de l ’existence et de l ’existant de Jacques Maritain, l’auteur souligne ensuite l’héritage de Kierkegaard et met en évidence l’intérêt porté à la philosophie kierkegaardienne par ces deux penseurs de l’existence du 20e siècle. L’analyse fait ressortir les richesses et les limites de la pensée kierkegaardienne telle que l’appréhendaient Mounier et Maritain, tandis que la présentation de leurs deux conceptions de l’existentialisme aura fait voir comment l’œuvre de Kierkegaard a diversement influencé le cours de l’histoire philosophique.