Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3042861 bytes, checksum: c35801efccaed5f3893e29c5338bdbb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Restinga is an ecosystem associated to Mata Atlântica, in which the species closest to the sea are adapted to adverse climatic and edaphic conditions. Among recent studies, the leaf is the most utilized organ for the understanding of morphoanatomical relationships between individuals and the environment, while works focusing stem and root are yet incipient. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the morpho-anatomy of adventitious roots and stems of Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears (Amaranthaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) Dc. (Fabaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Stweet (Convolvulaceae), Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae) e Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl. (Goodeniaceae) occurring in a Halophile-Psammophila Reptant formation of the Paulo César Vinha State Park, relating to environment parameters; to describe the secretory structures and to identify the classes of secondary metabolites present in the secretion of leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae and Ipomoea imperati. Soil was sampled and micro environmental measurements were performed. For anatomical evaluations, roots, stems and leaves of different regions were collected and processed following usual techniques in plant anatomy. The soil had few nutrients and organic matter. The micro environmental data showed that herbaceous plants are susceptible to wind speed conditions, relative humidity and evaporation similar to that of sub shrubby species. Morpho-anatomically, the species presented distinct adaptive strategies,specially stolons or rhizomes, aquiferous tissue, aerenchyma in the roots and starch reserve in both stem and root. In Ipomoea pes-caprae and Ipomoea imperati,mucilaginous trichomes and laticifers were described on leaf lamina, and in I. pescaprae, nectaries on petiole. The morpho-anatomical structures found in stems, roots and leaves of the studied species were outstanding features which allowed the survival and competitiveness of these species in the Non-flooded Herbaceous Formation, once they provide adaptive capacity to high temperature, strong wind, high salinity, lack of nutrients, among others. / Restinga é um ecossistema associado à Mata Atlântica, com as espécies próximas ao mar adaptadas a condições climáticas e edáficas adversas. Dentre os estudos atuais, a folha é o órgão mais utilizado para o entendimento das relações morfoanatômicas dos indivíduos com o ambiente, sendo incipientes os trabalhos sobre caules e raízes. Desta forma, o objetivo foi caracterizar a morfoanatomia de raízes adventícias e caules de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears (Amaranthaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) Dc. (Fabaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Stweet (Convolvulaceae), Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae) e Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl. (Goodeniaceae) ocorrentes na formação Halófila-Psamófila Reptante do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, relacionando com parâmetros ambientais; descrever as estruturas secretoras e identificar as classes de metabólitos secundários presentes no secretado das folhas de Ipomoea pes-caprae e Ipomoea imperati. Foram realizadas coletas de solo e medições microambientais. Para avaliações anatômicas, raízes, caules e folhas de diferentes regiões foram coletados, e processados segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. O solo apresentou-se pobre em nutrientes e em matéria orgânica. Os dados microambientais demonstraram que as plantas herbáceas estão sujeitas a velocidade do vento, umidade relativa do ar e evaporação similares às da espécie subarbustiva. Em relação à morfoanatomia, as espécies apresentaram estratégias adaptativas distintas, com destaque para presença de estolões ou rizomas, tecido aquífero e aerênquima nas raízes e reserva de amido tanto no caule quanto na raiz. Em Ipomoea pes-caprae e Ipomoea imperati, foram descritas, na lâmina foliar, tricomas mucilaginosos e laticíferos; e em I. pes-caprae, nectários no pecíolo. As estruturas morfoanatômicas encontradas nos caules, raízes e folhas das espécies estudadas foram características marcantes que possibilitaram a sobrevivência e competitividade dessas espécies na formação Halófila-psamófila Reptante, uma vez que fornecem capacidade adaptativa à alta temperatura, vento forte, alta salinidade, falta de nutrientes, dentre outros.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-04-28T18:18:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Clarissa Lourenço de Araujo.pdf: 7002934 bytes, checksum: 52d368f8ad6a751f994f7846928d0854 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:18:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Clarissa Lourenço de Araujo.pdf: 7002934 bytes, checksum: 52d368f8ad6a751f994f7846928d0854 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências-Geoquímica. Niterói, RJ / Este estudo teve como objetivo contribuir para caracterização do processo de incorporação biológica de metais por duas espécies fitobentônicas, a macroalga Ulva sp. e a macrófita aquática Ruppia maritima, para subsidiar futuras atividades de monitoramento da contaminação da biota aquática da Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas por metais, bem como de outros sistemas costeiros com condições semelhantes. Este estudo baseou-se na realização de experimentos laboratoriais com o radiotraçador 51Cr (nas formas tri e hexavalente) e com Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb e Zn, para caracterizar a cinética de incorporação destes pelas duas espécies fitobentônicas. As amostras coletadas na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, foram aclimatadas em laboratório e posteriormente submetidas a experimentos onde foram simuladas condições de mistura de águas salinas e fluviais com água marinha artificial de salinidades 7, 15 e 21‰ e de eventos de aumento dos níveis de matéria orgânica na coluna d’água através da adição de ácidos húmicos. A fim de elucidar os processos de sorção e incorporação de metais foram aplicadas ainda, técnicas de remoção de biofilme e de limpeza do material biológico em solução de EDTA. Nos ensaios com 51Cr (III e IV) foi observada que acumulação do metal por Ulva sp. possui relação inversa com a salinidade, enquanto para R. maritima, o máximo de acumulação ocorre em salinidade 21‰. Nos experimentos com adição simultânea de metais foi observada a seguinte ordem de abundância Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu>Mn>Cr. A maior acumulação dos metais foi observada em salinidade 15‰, com exceção apenas do Hg que apresentou máximo de incorporação em salinidade 21% para alga. Nos ensaios com adição de substâncias húmicas foi evidenciada a redução da incorporação de Cu, Pb e Zn por ambas espécies. No tocante ao potencial de acumulação, foi verificada a maior habilidade de sorção de metais por Ulva sp., independentemente da faixa de salinidade aplicada. Nos ensaios de remoção do biofilme aderido a R. maritima foi observada a redução das concentrações de Cu, Mn e Pb, reforçando o papel deste componente na acumulação de íons metálicos por macrófitas aquáticas. Por fim, no ensaio em que o material biológico foi lavado em solução de EDTA, foi observada a tendência de adsorção superficial de Cu, Mn e Pb, enquanto Cr e Zn, são rapidamente internalizados nos tecidos da macrófita. / This study aims to contribute to the characterization of the process of biological incorporation of metals by two benthonic species, the macroalgae Ulva sp. and the aquatic macrophyte Ruppia maritima, to subsidize future activities of monitoring the contamination of aquatic biota of the Rodrido de Freitas Lagoon for metals, as well as other coastal systems with similar conditions. This study was based on laboratory experiments with the radiotracer 51Cr (in forms tri and hexavalent) and with Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and to characterize the kinetics of incorporation of these by two phytobentic species. Samples collected in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon were acclimated in the laboratory and subsequently subjected to experiments where conditions of saline and river water mixed with artificial marine water with salinities of 7, 15 and 21‰ were simulated as well as events that increase the levels of organic matter in the water column through the addition of humic acids. In order to elucidate the processes of sorption and incorporation of metals, techniques for the removal of biofilm and the cleaning of biological material in EDTA solution were also applied. In tests with 51Cr (III and IV) it was observed that accumulation of the metal in Ulva sp. has inverse relationship with salinity, while for R. maritima, the maximum accumulation occurs in salinity 21 ‰. In the experiments with simultaneous addition of metals, the following order of abundance was observed Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu>Mn>Cr. The higher accumulation of metals was observed in salinity 15 ‰, with the exception of Hg that showed maximum incorporation in salinity 21% for algae. In tests with addition of humic substances, the reduction in the incorporation of Cu, Pb and Zn both species was evidenced. In regards to the potential for accumulation, it was verified the greater capability of sorption of metals by Ulva sp., regardless of range of salinity applied. In tests of removal of biofilm attached to R. maritima, the reduction of concentrations of Cu, Mn and Pb was observed, reinforcing the role of this component in the accumulation of metal ions by aquatic macrophytes. Finally, in the biological test material that was washed in EDTA solution, the tendency of surface adsorption of Cu, Mn and Pb was observed, while Cr and Zn are rapidly internalized in the tissues of macrophyte.

La gestion durable des variétés génétiquement résistantes aux pathogènes des cultures nécessite de tenir compte de leurs capacités évolutives. Celles-ci découlent de leur histoire évolutive et de la dynamique actuelle de leurs populations qui peut être modifiée par les activités humaines inhérentes au milieu agricole. La description et l’évaluation des capacités évolutives d’un pathogène ne sont donc possibles que sur des populations issues d’environnements non soumis à des perturbations d’origine anthropique. Les objectifs de ce travail sont donc (1) de reconstruire les histoires évolutives de deux nématodes à kystes, Heterodera schachtii et Heterodera betae et de leur hôte sauvage commun, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, à partir de populations sauvages distribuées sur le littoral du sud de l’Espagne à la Suède ; (2) de décrire, à une échelle plus fine, le fonctionnement et la structure génétique de populations sauvages d’H. schachtii.Nos résultats montrent que la colonisation de la côte Atlantique par les deux nématodes a probablement été influencée par les fluctuations climatiques survenues depuis le dernier Maximum Glaciaire et les courants marins. Les patrons phylogéographiques observés entre H. schachtii et la plante suggèrent des histoires évolutives disjointes contrairement à ceux observés chez H. betae. A fine échelle spatiale, les populations d’H. schachtii sont isolées entre elles, structurées à l’échelle de la plante hôte et présentent de petites tailles efficaces. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le contexte général de la protection des cultures. / The sustainable management of genetic resistances to crop pathogens needs to consider their evolutionary potential. The evolutionary potential results both from the evolutionary history and the current population dynamics of pathogens, which can be affected by human activities occurring in agro-ecosystems. Therefore, they should be described and evaluated on wild pathogen populations free of human-mediated disturbances. The aim of this work is twofold (1) assessing the evolutionary history of two cysts nematodes, Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera betae, and their common wild host, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, in wild populations sampled on the coast from the South of Spain to Sweden; (2) investigating at a fine spatial scale the population genetic structure of H. schachtii .Results show that the colonization of the Atlantic coastline by the two nematodes was probably influenced by climatic fluctuations occurring since the Last Glacial Maximum, along with marine currents. Phylogeographical patterns of H. schachtii and the host-plant suggest a non-shared evolutionary history, which contrasts with the coastal recolonization of Europe observed in H. betae. The fine-scale study evidenced that wild populations of H. schachtii are genetically sub-structured at the level of the host plant, strongly isolated and characterized by small effective population sizes. All these results are discussed in the framework of the sustainable management of nematodes populations in cultivated fields.

Thermal stability of theG37 tRNA methyltransferase proteins from Thermotoga maritima and Aquifex aeolicus have been compared using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. It was shown that the Thermotoga protein is remarkably stable and is denatured at temperatures in excess of 100 degrees Centigrade. The Aquifex aeolicus protein was less stable, denaturing broadly at temperatures between 55oC and 100oC. In contrast, the mesophilic E. coli protein was completely denatured at 55oC. Enzymatic activity of the proteins was measured at various temperatures. Both the Thermotoga and Aquifex enzymes are active at ambient temperatures, and display a significant decrease in activity when the temperature is raised above 50oC. This may relate to subtle changes in protein structure causing an effect on the tRNA based assay. Both enzymes contain inter subunit disulfide bonds which might contribute to thermal stability. Assays of the enzymes in the presence of high concentrations of Dithiothreitol (DTT) did not significantly reduce activity at higher temperatures, but did stimulate activity at lower temperatures. Site directed mutagenesis of non -conserved protein sequences within Thermotoga maritima were initiated in order to determine what structures might confer heat stability on the protein. Alanine mutagenesis of lysine residues 103,104 led to reduced catalytic activity, but did increased activity at higher temperatures. Aspartate is the most common residue at the relative position 166 in the variable loop of most TrmD genes. It has been shown that in E. coli this is essential for catalytic activity and possibly the residue which carries out N1 deprotonation on residue G37 in tRNA. In Thermotoga glutamate is present at this position. Alanine mutagenesis of this residue did not eliminate activity suggesting another nearby residue may function in this capacity in the Thermotoga TrmD protein.

[pt] Este estudo apresenta uma unidade de tratamento móvel recentemente implantada em atividades marítimas de desenvolvimento de petróleo no Brasil. O sistema consiste em dois módulos de tratamento especializados para tratamento de fluidos de perfuração de base não aquosa (FBNA) contaminado com interface de deslocamento e águas residuárias da perfuração marítima. Os módulos componentes do sistema proposto podem ser instalados tanto em instalações em terra ou em plataformas marítimas. A unidade a ser avaliada utiliza a combinação dos tratamentos de demulsificação, floculação, decantação e filtração para separação de FBNA e frações de FBNA da água residual em seus principais componentes. Testes laboratoriais foram realizados de modo a garantir que o sistema teria a capacidade de tratar os resíduos de FBNA contaminado em conformidade às resoluções brasileiras de descarte de efluentes (Resoluções do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente número 357/05 e 430/11). Os ensaios envolveram o ajuste do sistema para operar dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação local, que estabelecem limites muito conservadores de metais e hidrocarbonetos, entre outros parâmetros, os quais os efluentes devem se enquadrar antes da permissão para descarte em águas continentais ou oceânicas. Este estudo apresenta os resultados dos ensaios, os quais demonstraram que os efluentes tratados pelo sistema estão em conformidade com os parâmetros necessários para permissão do descarte em locações de perfuração marítima no Brasil. O próximo passo a ser dado, antes do uso operacional desta recente tecnologia no Brasil, é o acordo de um Plano de Monitoramento Ambiental com o Órgão Ambiental. Os resultados mostraram que o uso do sistema não é apenas economicamente vantajoso, mas também ambientalmente importante, uma vez que ajuda a minimização de resíduos, reutilização de fluidos, aumento do lucro e melhora das margens em operações de perfuração. No Brasil, o uso desta tecnologia tem um perfil inovador e é uma ferramenta que pode contribuir para redução dos elevados volumes de resíduos de perfuração que são atualmente enviados para destinação final em terra. / [en] This study presents the mobile treatment system recently deployed in offshore development activities in Brazil. The system is a specialized two-module treatment of synthetic base mud (SBM) contaminated with wash water and slop water. The modules of the unit are deployable to any drilling environment onshore or offshore platforms. The studied unit treatment process uses a combination of chemical and physical processes such as demulsification, flocculation, settling and filtration to separate SBM and SBM fractions from the slop water into their main components. Laboratorial testing was conducted to ensure that this system would have the capacity to treat SBM-contaminated wastes to comply with the Brazilian Resolutions for Effluents Discharge (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente Resolutions number 357/05 and 430/11). The tests involved adjusting the system to operate within the limits established by the local legislation, which establish very conservative limits of metals and hydrocarbons, amongst other parameters, that effluents have to meet before being allowed to be discharged in continental or oceanic bodies of water. The study presents the test results which show that the system has produced effluent that complies with all the parameters necessary to allow its discharge at the drilling offshore location in Brazil. The next step to be taken, before operational use of this technology in Brazil, is the agreement of a monitoring plan with the environmental agency. Results have shown that the use of such system is not only economically advantageous, but also environmentally significant as it helps minimize the waste, reuse fluid, increase profit, and improve margins in drilling operations. In Brazil, the use of this technology has an innovative profile and it is a tool that can contribute to reducing the high volumes of drilling waste that currently are sent onshore for final waste disposal.

Saltmarshes are highly valued habitats but the majority of the Eden Estuary's saltmarsh was buried under sea defences and ad hoc rubbish dumps during the last century. Without saltmarsh, the degraded shoreline may be even more vulnerable to rising sea levels and increased wave and tidal energy. This study investigated planting native saltmarsh species, common in the estuaries of Eastern Scotland, to restore saltmarsh development and sedimentation to the Eden Estuary's shoreline. The survival and growth of the sedge Bolboschoenus maritimus (Sea Club-rush) and the grasses Phragmites australis (Common Reed) and Puccinellia maritima (Common Saltmarsh Grass) were compared in planting trials. These were seeded or transplanted onto unvegetated upper mudflats in front of eroded P. maritima saltmarsh and a disused rubbish dump. The longer term sustainability of this practice was assessed by comparing sediment deposition and surface elevation in the transplant sites, natural saltmarsh and upper unvegetated mudflats. B. maritimus outperformed P. australis and P. maritima. Springtime, high density planting was successful, whereas seeds, planting in autumn and low density planting failed. Growth in the transplanted B. maritimus sites was relatively slow for the first three years but subsequently overtook growth of the seaward edge of natural B. maritimus marsh. Sediment was not deposited on natural P. maritima and was low on upper unvegetated mudflats and in young transplant sites. Most deposition occurred in four year old sites of B. maritimus. Sediment surface elevation in natural P. maritima remained constant throughout the year, but increased in all the other sites during the summer. The upper mudflat was the only site to erode during winter. A significant, positive association was found between tide height and sediment deposition, while winds from the south-east were associated with significantly more deposition than winds from the south-west. The direct planting of saltmarsh vegetation has restored a valuable and rapidly disappearing habitat to the degraded shoreline of the Eden Estuary. The low-cost and simplicity of this restoration practice give it great potential as a sustainable coastal management option that should be explored in other Scottish estuaries. This form of restoration could help to increase the resilience and reduce the vulnerability of degraded shorelines to climate change and rising sea levels.

A Thermotoga marítima (Tm) é uma bactéria que vive em temperaturas na faixa dos 65 até 90°C, com temperatura ótima do redor dos 80°C. A proteína TM1030 de Tm, é um regulador transcricional da família TetR (Tetracycline repressor protein) reguladores da expressão génica das proteínas TetA e TetB (Tetracycline resistance protein). Neste trabalho se rodarem 200ns de trajetória de dinâmica molecular a três temperaturas (293, 323 e 353K) da proteína TM1030 (PDB-1Z77) usando o pacote GROMACS com o potencial Amber99 e solvente explicito numa caixa cúbica com 90Å de comprimento, observando que RMSD da estrutura média da trajetória é menor em relação à estrutura cristalográfica, além disso que num primer momento esse RMSD tem uma mudança grande e que se estabiliza com uma maior velocidade nas maiores temperaturas. Também foi feito um analise de modos normais na mesma estrutura usando o mesmo potencial, mas com solvente implícito, usando o modelo GBSA, minimizando a estrutura até ter um coeficiente de força média de 6,4x10-8J·mol-1·cm-1 que assegura um bom mínimo local. Das trajetórias simuladas a partir das 6 menores frequências se achou uma relação com os movimentos observados nas dinâmicas moleculares e os esperados na transição alostérica entre as duas estruturas cristalográficas. Finalmente se calculam os fatores de temperatura das três trajetórias de dinâmica molecular, observando que seus esses fatores de temperatura aumentam com o aumento da temperatura, contrario do esperado da cristalografia onde diminuam com o aumento da temperatura do sistema. / The Thermotoga maritima (Tm) is a bacterium who can lives at temperatures of 65 to 90°C, with optimum temperature around of 80°C. The TM1030 protein of Tm is a transcriptional regulator from TetR family (Tetracycline repressor protein) regulators of gene expression of the TetA and TetB protein (Tetracycline resistance protein). In this work 200ns of molecular dynamics trajectory was run at three temperatures (293, 323 and 353K) of TM1030 protein (PDB-1Z77) using GROMACS package with Amber99 potential and explicit solvent in a cubic box with length 90A, noting that RMSD of the average structure of the trajectory is smaller with respect to the crystallographic structure, in addition, in a first time this RMSD have a large change and stabilizes at a higher speed at higher temperatures. There was also an analysis of normal modes on the same structure using the same potential, but with implicit solvent, using the GBSA model, minimizing the structure to have a medium force coefficient of 6,4x10-8J·mol-1·cm-1which ensures a good local minimum. Of the trajectories simulated from 6 lower frequencies was found a relationship with the movements observed in molecular dynamics and expected the allosteric transition between the two crystal structures. Finally was calculate the temperature factor of the three trajectories of molecular dynamics, observing their temperature factors increase with increasing temperature, contrary to expectations of crystallography which decrease with the increase of the system temperature.

<p>Högkvarteret beslutade 2004 att interoperabilitet med Natos metoder har högsta prioritet i Försvarsmakten. Därför är underrättelsemetoden Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) vägledande för svensk underrättelsetjänsts framtagande av beslutsunderlag. Försvarsmaktens underrättelsehandbok betraktar dock IPB som en inte ”i alla avseenden tydlig” metod. Eftersom krigföring inom mark-, luft- och den maritima arenan karaktäriseras av olika faktorer, vilka ej framgår i IPB, existerar här ett problemområde. Uppsatsen behandlar problemområdet inom den maritima arenan på taktisk nivå. Syftet är att undersöka IPB-metodens genomförande och innehåll då den genomförs för att tillgodose ett ytstridsförbands taktiska underrättelsebehov. Uppsatsens frågeställningar söker svar på hur den maritima arenan respektive sjökrigföring generellt påverkar innehållet i, samt genomförandet av, IPB-metoden.</p><p>Studiens teoretiska grund utgörs av IPB-metoden, vilken främst används till att strukturera undersökningen. Uppsatsen genomförs med kvalitativ innehållsanalys av svensk marin doktrin, reglementen, handböcker samt modern litteratur om sjökrigföring på taktisk nivå. Dessa källor skall ge perspektiv på IPB-metoden och dess respektive steg.</p><p>En allmängiltig grundsats gällande sjökrigföring är att den som anfaller effektivt först vinner striden. Uppsatsen har funnit att IPB-metoden, vilken syftar till bedömning av motståndarens farligaste respektive troligaste handlingsvägar, speglar detta axiom bristfälligt. Om IPB, då den genomförs i en marin kontext, istället koncentreras mot den duellsituation som är karaktäristisk för sjökrigföring, skapas ett beslutsunderlag som bättre överensstämmer med vad litteraturen förordar. En sådan förändring i fokus för IPB förändrar hela metoden i grunden.</p> / <p>The purpose of the study is to examine the use of the NATO method known as Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB), since the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in 2004 decided that interoperability with NATO methods is of high priority.</p><p>Combat on the ground, in the air and at sea is characterized by different factors. This circumstance is however not very clear in the Swedish interpretation of IPB. This shortcoming constitutes the problem that this study has looked into. IPB will be examined from a naval point of view at a tactical level. The question that has been asked is how naval tactical combat and the maritime environment influence the use of IPB.</p><p>The study uses the IPB-method itself as theoretical framework. Swedish doctrine, naval regulations and handbooks as well as modern literature on naval combat have been analysed in order to give perspectives on IPB. </p><p>It is common knowledge today that the essence of success in naval combat at a tactical level is to <em>attack effectively first</em>. The main conclusion is, however, that IPB, which focuses on estimates of the adversary’s courses of action, reflects this maxim poorly. The results of the study show that the intelligence output would be more adequate if IPB, when used in a naval tactical context, was concentrated on an analysis of the duel between ships.</p>

Högkvarteret beslutade 2004 att interoperabilitet med Natos metoder har högsta prioritet i Försvarsmakten. Därför är underrättelsemetoden Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) vägledande för svensk underrättelsetjänsts framtagande av beslutsunderlag. Försvarsmaktens underrättelsehandbok betraktar dock IPB som en inte ”i alla avseenden tydlig” metod. Eftersom krigföring inom mark-, luft- och den maritima arenan karaktäriseras av olika faktorer, vilka ej framgår i IPB, existerar här ett problemområde. Uppsatsen behandlar problemområdet inom den maritima arenan på taktisk nivå. Syftet är att undersöka IPB-metodens genomförande och innehåll då den genomförs för att tillgodose ett ytstridsförbands taktiska underrättelsebehov. Uppsatsens frågeställningar söker svar på hur den maritima arenan respektive sjökrigföring generellt påverkar innehållet i, samt genomförandet av, IPB-metoden. Studiens teoretiska grund utgörs av IPB-metoden, vilken främst används till att strukturera undersökningen. Uppsatsen genomförs med kvalitativ innehållsanalys av svensk marin doktrin, reglementen, handböcker samt modern litteratur om sjökrigföring på taktisk nivå. Dessa källor skall ge perspektiv på IPB-metoden och dess respektive steg. En allmängiltig grundsats gällande sjökrigföring är att den som anfaller effektivt först vinner striden. Uppsatsen har funnit att IPB-metoden, vilken syftar till bedömning av motståndarens farligaste respektive troligaste handlingsvägar, speglar detta axiom bristfälligt. Om IPB, då den genomförs i en marin kontext, istället koncentreras mot den duellsituation som är karaktäristisk för sjökrigföring, skapas ett beslutsunderlag som bättre överensstämmer med vad litteraturen förordar. En sådan förändring i fokus för IPB förändrar hela metoden i grunden. / The purpose of the study is to examine the use of the NATO method known as Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB), since the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters in 2004 decided that interoperability with NATO methods is of high priority. Combat on the ground, in the air and at sea is characterized by different factors. This circumstance is however not very clear in the Swedish interpretation of IPB. This shortcoming constitutes the problem that this study has looked into. IPB will be examined from a naval point of view at a tactical level. The question that has been asked is how naval tactical combat and the maritime environment influence the use of IPB. The study uses the IPB-method itself as theoretical framework. Swedish doctrine, naval regulations and handbooks as well as modern literature on naval combat have been analysed in order to give perspectives on IPB.  It is common knowledge today that the essence of success in naval combat at a tactical level is to attack effectively first. The main conclusion is, however, that IPB, which focuses on estimates of the adversary’s courses of action, reflects this maxim poorly. The results of the study show that the intelligence output would be more adequate if IPB, when used in a naval tactical context, was concentrated on an analysis of the duel between ships.

[pt] A análise e comparação dos dados de geração, transporte, tratamento e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos gerados durante as duas campanhas (2011 e 2013) da atividade de perfuração marítima exploratória no Bloco BM-J-2, sem e com a utilização de uma área de armazenamento temporário de resíduos exclusiva para esta operação teve como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade dessas duas alternativas de operacionalização do gerenciamento de resíduos em regiões onde a indústria de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás não está consolidada. O atendimento aos requisitos legais brasileiros, com a implementação do Projeto de Controle da Poluição para atendimento às orientações da Nota Técnica CGPEG/DILIC/IBAMA numéro 01/11, permitiu que os dados gerados durante as duas campanhas de perfuração pudessem ser comparados, ainda que gerados em momentos operacionais distintos. A similaridade do perfil de geração de resíduos nos dois períodos de operação e os resultados das diferentes estratégias de gerenciamento adotadas, permitiu definir a utilização da área de armazenamento temporário, ainda que exclusiva e construída para atendimento à operação, como melhor estratégia de gerenciamento também para regiões em que a indústria de EeP ainda não está consolidada, com incremento qualitativo das formas de tratamento e disposição final adotadas e melhoria de indicadores quantitativos, como redução do número de eventos de transporte. / [en] The analysis and comparison of generation, transportation, treatment and final disposal data of the solid waste, generated during two campaigns (2011 and 2013) of exploratory offshore drilling activity in Block BM-J-2, with and without the use of a waste temporary storage exclusive area for this operation aimed to verify the applicability of these two waste management operational alternatives in regions where the oil and gas exploration and production industry is not consolidated. The compliance with Brazilian legal requirements, with the implementation of Pollution Control Project according to Technical Note CGPEG / DILIC / IBAMA number 01/11 guideline, allowed the comparision of data generated during the two drilling campaigns, even though they have been generated in different moments. The similarity of waste generation profiles of both operational periods and the results of different management strategies adopted, allowed to define the use of the temporary storage area, even if exclusive and built for the operation, as the best management strategy for regions where the EeP industry still not consolidated, with qualitative increase of treatment and disposal methods adopted and quantitative indicators improvement, as reduction of transport events.