This report is a final thesis conducted by two students at the Academy of Innovation for Design and Technology at Ma ̈lardalens university in Va ̈ster ̊as, in collaboration with Nextjet. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the different ways in which we can improve the inspection of “Placards & Markings” for Nextjet’s SAAB- 340 aircrafts. This assesment is required by the government in the process of renewing/extending the ARC-airworthiness Review Certificate of the planes. The ARC-process is conducted according to the rules and regulations of the EASA, one of which is a review of the plane’s airworthiness. In this thesis we will explore the plausible ways of inspection while compa- ring and contrasting these different methods. The intent is to find the most adequate and reliable procedure at the lowest cost, with high security. We will focus on three chosen methods: • Visual inspection • ITS - intelligent transport system • Inspection of the aircrafts exterior with the help of a drone New technologies like ITS and drones are on the rampage and has many advantages. Both ITS and drones enables verifiability and are time-efficient methods. Despite this, the visual inspection method is currently most sui- table for Nextjet and their inspection of the ”Placards & Markings”. Visual inspection is an inexpensive alternative that requires no sophisticated equip- ment. A technical instruction must, according to the studied literature, have a structured format. Consideration should be given to the human factors that come into play during a visual inspection, which can be prevented if kept in mind when designing the instruction. The technical instruction that we designed needs to be tested in its real environment to properly evaluate its function.

This study examines how visual and user-generated content affects user engagement training brands' Instagram account. The use of social media has increased in recent years. And it is now an important tool for companies when it comes to reaching out to consumers and engaging with them. But there is still a big knowledge gap when it comes to how information architecture model favorable engagement is achieved. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by using the to find out which kind of content generates the most engagement in the shape of likes on the Instagram post. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative collection methods to analyze how the relationship between content, context and user work together to create a favorable information ecology. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews. And content analysis on selected companies' Instagram accounts. The results showed that users are more likely to engage with a company in a context they find trustworthy. The study also shows that companies should focus on a brand's related content. With a strong focus on their products. They should also avoid content that is time consuming for the users.

This study aims to examine what makes people engage on the social media platform Instagram. Marketing on social media is becoming more and more popular and the biggest difference compared to traditional media is that the users of social media are participants in the marketing process. Engaged participants are thus a prerequisite for successful marketing on social media. How engagement on social media is created was investigated through a quantitative content analysis of three Swedish amusement parks' Instagram accounts, where the purpose was to find out which category of motifs in images resulted in the highest and lowest number of likes. The images were all posted in the summer of 2017. The results of the content analysis were afterwards used in qualitative semi-structured interviews in order to find out why some image motifs engaged more than others. By analyzing the results with an analysis tool based on previous studies, the results were reached. The results showed that images with motifs of amusement parks' various rides and pool attractions achieved the highest numbers of likes on average because they created a high level of emotional engagement among users. Processed images, which contained text and graphic elements, achieved the lowest number of likes on average. The processed image motif created a low degree of engagement as the images were not considered visually appealing, nor did they produce positive feelings or happy memories to the same extent as the motifs in the category of rides and pool attractions.

Social media in general and Instagram specifically has evolved quickly over time. Thanks to this, companies have taken the opportunity to get an easier access to a marketing segment that not only can give visible engagement that could enhance their marketing or branding, but also gives the users a communication channel that easily creates a relationship with the companies. This visible engagement is mostly measured in numbers regarding the amount of followers, likes and comments. What is controlling and/or affecting these numbers is studied by a quite new communicational field, in the wake of social media, its marketing and relational input. This study spreads some light over which elements that can see enhance, and weaken, this engagement regarding visual and textual factors. Through a content analysis method, the 30 latest Instagram posts of three companies within the sustainable area and with similar criterias, such as the amount of followers and having a personal webshop, were analysed. The content analysis result gave a heterogenic group of categories, that not only are distinguished by their different elements but also by the way the companies publish their posts. The genre of the companies (sustainability) is thereby not enough to give a homogenic answer to what creates a high engagement on Instagram, which a number of scientists have stated in previous studies. Social media engagement is thereby something that needs to be looked at even more to find what creates engagement.

Influencers har idag ett stort inflytande på konsumenter vilket, till viss del, blivit avgörande för företag. Det förekommer mer frekvent att influencers även skapar egna grundade varumärken. Denna studie har utgått från fyra svenska influencers som har ett eget grundat varumärke. Dessa influencers och deras varumärken är Therése Lindgren (Indy Beauty), Katrin Zytomierska (Clean Eating), Rebecca Stella Dion (Rebecca Stella Beauty) och Alice Stenlöf (A-dsgn). Studien syftar till att undersöka hur en influencers skandal påverkar deras eget grundade varumärke på Instagram. Detta undersöktes med hjälp av två kvantitativa metoder. Den första metoden, digital datainsamling, analyserade antalet gilla-markeringar och antalet kommentarer på varumärkenas Instagram. Studien undersökte sedan individers agerande gentemot influencernas varumärke genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Resultatet som framkom var att medelvärdet för gilla-markeringarna minskade för tre av fyra av varumärken efter skandalen. Medelvärdet för kommentarer minskade för ett av fyra varumärken. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visade att respondenterna aktivt tog avstånd från att gilla varumärkets inlägg på Instagram efter skandalen. Den främsta anledningen till detta var att de inte ville stötta influencers förens de såg en förändring i influencerns agerande. Respondenterna ville även motta en offentlig ursäkt från influencern innan de var beredda att förlåta influencern. / Today influencers have a great influence on consumers, which to some extent, has become crucial for companies. It is more common for influencers to also create their own established brands. This study has been based on four Swedish influencers that have their own established brand. These influencers and their brands are Therése Lindgren (Indy Beauty), Katrin Zytomierska (Clean Eating), Rebecca Stella Dion (Rebecca Stella Beauty) and Alice Stenlöf (A-dsgn). The study aims to investigate how an influencer's scandal affects their own founded brand on Instagram. This was investigated using two quantitative methods. The first method, cross-sectional study, analyzed the number of likes and the number of comments on the brands Instagram. The study then examined respondents’ actions online towards the influencers brand through a quantitative survey. The result showed that the average number of likes decreased after the scandal for three out of four influencer brands. The average number of comments decreased for one out of four brands. Moreover, the results from the survey revealed that the respondents actively choose not to like posts from influencer brands on Instagram after the scandal. The main reason for this was that the respondents did not want to support influencers until they were convinced the influencers had changed their behaviors and actions. Furthermore, the respondents also wanted to receive a public apology from the influencer before they were prepared to forgive the influencer.

Det finns olika variationer av vägledningshjälpmedel som hjälper spelaren att navigera sig i en 3D-omgivning. I denna kvalitativa studie kommer det undersökas hur spår, ljud och markeringar som vägledningshjälpmedel kan stödja en spelare i en 3D-labyrint. Genom att undersöka de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen skapades en prototyp där de tre vägledningshjälpmedlen separerades i tre olika labyrinter. Respondenterna som deltog i studien spelade igenom de tre labyrinterna med och utan vägledningshjälpmedel för att kunna undersöka hur de stödjer respondenterna under spelsessionen. Data samlades in med hjälp av stimulated recall metoden och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Insamlad data analyserades med hjälp av Empirisk fenomenologisk psykologi (EPP) metoden. Resultatet som uppstod från analysen presenterade respondenternas individuella upplevelse samt de fyra övergripande teman som sammanställdes från data. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att spåret var den optimalaste vägledningshjälpmedlet, däremot delade både ljud och markeringar samma egenskaper som vägledningsshjälpmedel. Dessutom bildade respondenterna spatialt minne med hjälp av unika landmärken, samt utgick respondenterna från egna vägledningsstrategier när de tre hjälpmedlen inte var tillgängliga. / There are different types of wayfinding aids that help the player navigate through a 3D environment. This qualitative study investigates how breadcrumb trails, sounds, and markers as wayfinding aids can support a player in a 3D maze. First, the researchers created a prototype to examine the three wayfinding aids and placed them into three different mazes. Then, the respondents who participated in the study played through those three mazes with and without wayfinding aids to investigate how they supported the respondents during the game session. Next, data were collected using the stimulated recall method and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the Empirical phenomenological psychology (EPP) method. The results that occurred from the analysis showed the respondent's individual experiences and the four overall themes that emerged from the data. In summary, the results indicated that breadcrumb trails were the most optimal wayfinding aid. However, both sound and markers shared the same characteristics as wayfinding aids. In addition, the respondents developed spatial memory with the help of unique landmarks and used other wayfinding strategies when the wayfinding aids were unavailable.

Covid-19 pandemin skapade många begränsningar i det fysiska mötet för företag i Sverige. Problematiken för de företag som inte kunde erbjuda sin produkt på samma sätt digitalt var det som skapade ett intresse att genomföra denna studie. Många företag fick göra ett skifte och fokusera mer på de digitala verktygen under den här tiden. Därför valde gruppen att fördjupa sig i hur företag på Instagram arbetar med sitt innehåll för att skapa engagemang. Frågorna som besvarades togs fram med syftet att skapa en uppfattning kring vilken av de tre framtagna inläggs kategorierna som skapar högst engagemang, rationella inlägg, interaktionella inlägg eller transaktionella inlägg. Samt hur innehållet på Instagram kan förändras beroende på om det fysiska mötet är begränsat eller ej.En kvalitativ fallstudie på Liseberg genomfördes i form av dokumentanalys på företagets Instagramkonto. Resultatet kopplades därefter samman med den tidigare forskningen inom engagemang, digital marknadsföring, sociala medier marknadsföringsstrategi och Social Exchange Theory. Studien är avgränsad till att endast mäta engagemang baserat på gilla-markeringar och kommentarer. Vikten av att ett företag behöver engagemang för att vara konkurrenskraftiga klarläggs samt relevans att företag finns på sociala medier. Resultatet visade att de transaktionella inläggen hade betydligt högst engagemang, men även att de interaktionella inläggen skapade högt engagemang. Förslagsvis borde företag under perioderna de har nedstängt fokusera just på dessa två kategorier som uppmanar till att skapa engagemang i form av gilla-markeringar och kommentarer. Studien visade också hur Liseberg anpassade mängden samt innehållet av deras inlägg under de olika perioderna för att hålla sig aktuella med vad besökarna efterfrågade. Studien är skriven på svenska. / Covid-19 pandemic created a lot of limitations for companies when it came to the physical meeting. The problem that occurred when companies no longer were able to offer their product in reality created an interest in this study. Many companies had to make a shift and focus more on digital tools during this time. Therefore, this group chose to dive into how a company on Instagram works with their content to create engagement. The questions that were answered were developed with the aim of creating knowledge about which of the three developed post categories create the highest engagement, rational posts, interactional posts or transactional posts. As well as how the content on Instagram may change depending on whether the physical meeting is limited or not.A qualitative case study on the amusement park Liseberg was carried out in the form of document analysis on @Lisebergab Instagram. The result was then connected with the previous research on engagement, digital marketing, social media marketing strategy and the Social Exchange Theory. The study is limited to only measuring engagement based on likes and comments. The importance of companies needing engagement to be competitive is clarified, as well as the relevance of companies being on social media. The transactional posts received the highest engagement, but it was also shown that it is not financially sustainable to focus on this too much.The results showed that transactional posts had the highest engagement, but also that interactive posts created high engagement. It is suggested that companies during periods of shutdown should focus on these two categories that encourage engagement in the form of likes and comments. This study also showed how Liseberg adapted the amount and content of their posts during different periods to stay current with what visitors demanded from the company. Following will this paper be written in swedish.