A tarefa de traduzir envolve diversos fatores a serem levados em consideração no momento da elaboração do escopo que servirá de orientação na busca, pelo tradutor, em atingir os objetivos pretendidos com o texto que ele produzirá. Com o objetivo de apontar os elementos mais relevantes presentes nas histórias em quadrinhos infantis com efeitos humorísticos, selecionamos um corpus com as histórias de A Turma da Mônica para servir de base para nossa análise. As histórias foram estudadas em dois idiomas, português e inglês, com o objetivo de identificar os fatores linguísticos e as marcas culturais presentes na obra original, compará-los com a tradução, observando as estratégias usadas pelos tradutores na tentativa de solucionar os possíveis desafios que esses fatores representaram para a obtenção de um resultado satisfatório. Ao final, os resultados fornecidos por meio da análise detalhada do processo de recuperação das situações de humor, das marcas culturais e dos fatores linguísticos contidos nos textos de partida apontaram o grau de dificuldade que cada um dos fatores apresentou para os tradutores. / The translation task involves several factors to be taken into consideration when drafting the scope that will guide the search, by the translator, to achieve the desired goals with the text he will produce. Aiming to pinpoint the most relevant elements present in children\'s stories in the form of comics, with humorous effects, we selected a corpus of Monicas Gang stories to support our analysis. The stories were studied in two languages, Portuguese and English, aiming to identify the linguistic factors and the cultural markers present in the original work, compare them with the translation, observing the strategies used by the translators in an attempt to resolve the possible challenges that these factors posed so as to obtain a satisfactory result. The results provided through detailed analysis of the recovery process of the humor situations, the cultural markers and the linguistic factors contained in the source texts will determine the degree of difficulty that each of the factors presented to the translator.

Este trabalho apresenta a síntese, caracterização e estudo fotoluminescente de nanopartículas à base de óxido misto de estanho e titânio dopadas com európio, térbio e neodímio visando à utilização como marcadores luminescentes em sistemas biológicos. As sínteses foram feitas pelos métodos de coprecipitação, sol-gel proteico e Pechini e as partículas foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia de infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, difração de raios X e espectroscopia de absorção de raios X. Os estudos das propriedades fotoluminescentes foram realizados para os luminóforos dopados com európio, térbio e neodímio, sintetizados pelo método de coprecipitação. Para o luminóforo dopado com európio foi possível calcular os parâmetros de intensidade e o rendimento quântico e este apresentou resultados satisfatórios. Tratando-se de uma marcação em sistemas biológicos fez-se necessário a funcionalização destas partículas para que as mesmas se liguem à parte biológica a ser estudada. Sendo assim, funcionalizou-se as nanopartículas pelos métodos de microondas e Stöber e caracterizou-se por espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia por dispersão de energia e difração de raios X, obtendo-se resposta qualitativa da eficácia da funcionalização. O método espectroscópico da ninidrina foi utilizado para a quantificação da funcionalização dos luminóforos. Os estudos fotoluminescentes das partículas funcionalizadas demonstram a viabilidade do uso destes luminóforos como marcadores luminescentes. / This work presents the synthesis, characterization and photoluminescent study of tin and titanium mixed oxide nanoparticles doped with europium, terbium and neodymium to be used with luminescent markers on biological systems. The syntheses were done by co-precipitation, protein sol-gel and Pechini methods and the nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The photoluminescent properties studies were conducted for luminophores doped with europium, terbium and neodymium synthesized by coprecipitation method. For luminophore doped with europium it was possible to calculate the intensity parameters and quantum yield and it showed satisfactory results. In the case of biological system marking it was necessary the functionalization of these particles to allow them to bind to the biological part to be studied. So the nanoparticles were functionalized by microwave and Stöber methods and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction obtaining qualitative response of functionalization efficacy. The ninhydrin spectroscopic method was used for quantification of luminophores functionalization. The photoluminescent studies of functionalized particles demonstrate the potential applying of these luminophores as luminescent markers.

Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Background: Early detection of individuals who are at risk of developing Glucose Intolerance would decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. MicroRNA is one of the most widely studied biomolecules involved in epigenetic mechanisms, hence it offers unique opportunities in this regard. Circulating microRNAs are associated with disease pathogenesis during the asymptomatic stage of disease. This has therefore attracted a lot of attention as a potential biomarker for identifying individuals who have an increased risk of developing Glucose Intolerance. The identification of high risk biomarkers for Glucose Intolerance will go a long way to eliminate the possible complications that arise due to late diagnosis and treatment of Glucose Intolerance. This could ultimately lead to better ways to prevent, manage and control the Glucose Intolerance epidemic that is rampant worldwide. The aim of the study is to investigate expression of circulating microRNA’s in blood of mixed ancestry subjects with glucose intolerance. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study design involving 36 individuals [who were age, gender and BMI (Body Mass Index) matched] from a total population of 1989 participants of mixed ancestry descent, residing in Bellville South, South Africa was used. Participants were classified as controls (normoglycemic), pre-diabetic (preDM) and diabetic (DM) (screen detected diabetic) according to WHO criteria of 1998. MicroRNAs were extracted from serum using the Qiagen miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit (ThermoFisher). The purified micro RNAs were reverse-transcribed to cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) using the Qiagen RT2 First Strand Kit. Then, using Qiagen miScript SYBR Green PCR kit and miScript miRNA PCR arrays (ThermoFisher), the real time polymerase chain reaction was done to determine the expression profile the circulating micro RNAs present in the serum of the participants. Results: The 36 participants were evenly divided into 3 groups of 12 participants each as mentioned earlier. There were significant differences between groups in the waist (cm) (p=0.0415) and waist/hip ratio (p=0.0011) with highest values in the DM group and lowest in the normal group. Clinical parameters varied significantly according to glycemic status. As expected, the FBG (mmol/L) (p<0.0001), 2 HRs Post Glucose (mmol/L) (p<0.0001), HbA1c (%) (p=0.0009), Fasting Insulin (mIU/L) (p=0.0039), were all highest in the DM and lowest in the control group. In contrast, the 2 HRs Post Insulin (mIU/L) (p = 0.0027) was highest in the preDM group and lowest in the normal group, while the Glucose/Insulin ratio (p=0.0477) was highest in the normal group and lowest in the preDM group. Triglycerides (mmol/L) (p=0.0043) and Total Chol (mmol/L) (p=0.0429) were significantly increased through the three groups, with highest values in the DM group and lowest in the normal group. Furthermore, 12 of the 84 miRNAs studied were expressed through all the 3 groups and they exhibited both inverse and positive correlations between the clinical parameters, especially the glucose parameters (Fasting blood glucose, 2 hours post glucose, Fasting blood insulin, 2 hours post insulin and Glycated Hemoglobin).

No description available.

Até recentemente, o povoamento das Américas era visto como um produto de uma expansão em linhas paralelas do norte para o sul do continente. Sob este cenário, os sítios arqueológicos dos primeiros americanos deveria obedecer um gradiente cronológico seguindo a mesma lógica, independente de sua longitude. Recentemente, no entanto, especialistas começaram a reconhecer que certas características dos diferentes biomas poderiam favorecer diferentes taxas de expansão populacional. Beaton (1991), por exemplo, sugeriu que as expansões humanas em escala continental seriam mais condicionadas às características do ambiente (biomas) de que a distâncias geográficas lineares, ideia esta, também suportada por Dixon (2001). Neste estudo foi testada a hipótese de Beaton e Dixon, aplicada às Américas, investigando se a estrutura genética dos nativos americanos atuais é influenciada pelos biomas que elas ocupam. Para fazer isso, três diferentes tipo de matrizes foram construídas baseadas em dados de DNA mitocondrial e microssatélites de grupos de nativos americanos: uma, formada por distâncias genéticas (Fst) entre as populações, outra formada pelas distâncias geográficas entre as mesmas populações em quilômetros, e uma última formada pelas distâncias fisiográficas. Essas matrizes foram comparadas pela correlação de Pearson seguida de testes de Mantel e parciais de Mantel. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que em geral os diferentes biomas não tiveram um papel significativo na estruturação genética das populações nativas americanas, ao menos como estão distribuídas hoje. / Until recently, the settlement of the Americas was seen as the product of a \"bow wave\" human expansion from north do south. Under this scenario, the archaeological sites of the first americans should obey a chronological gradient following the same logic, independent of their longitude. Recently, however, specialists began to recognize that certain characteristics of different biomes could have favored different rates of demic expansion. Beaton (1991), for instance, suggested that human expansions in continental scales are much more conditioned by the ecological attributes of the macro environmental zones (biomes) involved than by linear geographic distances, an idea also spoused by Dixon (2001). In this study we test Beaton´s and Dixon´s ideas, as applied to the Americas, by investigating if the genetic structure of recent native american populations is influenced by the biomes they occupy. In order to do this, three different kinds of matrices were constructed based on the frequency of mtDNA and microsatelites from native american groups: one formed by the genetic distances (Fst) among the populations, a second one formed by the geographic distances among the same populations in kilometers, and a last one formed by their \"physiographic\" distances. These matrices were compared by Pearson´s correlation followed by Mantel and partial Mantel tests. The results obtained showed that in general the different biomes did not play a significant role in the native american genetic structuring, at least as they are distributed today.

A palavra morfofonológica este da língua espanhola é submetida a análise acústica no presente trabalho com o objetivo de verificar-se padrões prosódicos para seus diferentes usos: referencial (adjetivo/pronome) e metadiscursivo. Os valores dos parâmetros acústicos mensurados para a ocorrência de este referencial são comparados aos das ocorrências de este metadiscursivo com a finalidade de reconhecer-se uma subcategorização do uso metadiscursivo: filler e marcador discursivo. São utilizados dados de fala espontânea do espanhol do México, coletados no website YouTube. Verificamos que, do ponto de vista prosódico, as tendências de comportamento de este referencial metadiscursivo apresentam divergências ou convergências a depender da interpretação pragmática relacionada ao último uso. / The word este of Spanish is acoustically analyzed in the present work in order to verify prosodic patterns for its different uses: referential (adjective / pronoun) and metadiscoursive. The measured values of acoustic parameters for each type of occurrence are compared with the purpose of proposing two different classes inside metadiscoursive use: a filler and a discourse marker. We use spontaneous speech data from Mexican Spanish, collected on the YouTube website.From the prosodic point of view, the behavioral tendencies of metadiscursive and referential este have divergences or convergences depending on the pragmatic interpretation related to the last use.

by Chen Ming-jie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-95). / List of Abbreviations --- p.I / List of Tables --- p.II / List of Figures --- p.III / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Volvariella volvacea and the purposes of this study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Background of Volvariella volvacea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Purposes of this molecular study on Volvariella volvacea --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Molecular studies in edible mushrooms --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Recombinant DNA technology --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Ribosomal RNA gene-PCR (rDNA-PCR) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Random amplified DNAs by polymerase chain reaction --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cell cultivation and maintenance --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Solutions and chemicals --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Solutions for DNA extraction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Solutions for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Solutions for DNA labeling and detection --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Colorimetry --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Chemiluminescence --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Hybridization solution --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- PCR primers --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- SOC medium --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- DNA extraction and purification --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Genomic DNAs --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Plasmid DNA --- p.21 / Chapter 2.6 --- Formation of complementary ends --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Partial digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme Sau3A I --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Production of vector arms --- p.23 / Chapter 2.7 --- Ligation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8 --- Transformation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Chemical transformation method --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1.1 --- Preparation of competent E. coli cells --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1.2 --- Transformation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Electroporation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2.1 --- Preparation of electro-competent cells --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2.2 --- Electroporation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.9 --- Southern transfer and hybridization using non- radioactive method --- p.27 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Random labeling the V.volvacea genomic DNA by digoxigenin-11-dUTP --- p.28 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Conventional PCR to amplify and label cloned DNA inserts --- p.28 / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Southern blotting --- p.29 / Chapter 2.9.4 --- Prehybridization --- p.29 / Chapter 2.9.5 --- Hybridization --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.6 --- High stringency washing --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7 --- Detection --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7.1 --- Color detection --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7.2 --- Chemiluminescent detection --- p.31 / Chapter 2.9.8 --- Reprobing --- p.31 / Chapter 2.9.9 --- Colony hybridization --- p.31 / Chapter 2.10 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP- PCR) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Amplification of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA- PCR) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11 --- Pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Preparation of protoplasts --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Embedding of chromosomal DNAs --- p.34 / Chapter 2.11.3 --- Electrophoresis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.11.4 --- Southern blotting and hybridization --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Construction of a partial genomic library for Volvariella volvacea --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Genomic DNA purification and restriction enzyme digestion --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Preparation of vector arms --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Ligation and transformation --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of clones in the genomic library --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Fishing out ribosomal RNA gene from the genomic library by homologous rDNA probe --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Strain typing --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Strain typing by RFLPs using moderately repetitive probes --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Strain typing by PCR-based protocols: AP-PCR and RAPD --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Strain typing by PCR- RFLPs --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5 --- Electrophoretic karyotype analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Protoplast preparation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- The electrophoresis condition --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Southern hybridization --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1 --- Genomic library --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Generation of molecular markers --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- RFLPs --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- AP-PCR and RAPD methods --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- PCR- RFLP of rRNA gene --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Comparison of the four types of molecular markers --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Electrophoretic karyotype by PFGE --- p.74 / Conclusion --- p.80 / References --- p.81

Ma, Buig Yue Brigette. / Thesis M.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-270). / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 18, November, 2016).

by Lai, Shiu Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-147). / TITLE PAGE --- p.I / THESIS COMMITTEE --- p.II / ABSTRACT --- p.III / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.V / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VI / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XII / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) Analysis of Lent inula edodes / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of Study --- p.4 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review / Chapter 2.1 --- Biology of Lentinula edodes / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Overview," --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Life Cycle of Lentinula edodes --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Dedikaryotization (Monokaryotization) --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Genome Analysis of the Mushroom --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Genetic Markers of Lentinula edodes / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Overview --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Auxotrophic Markers --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Biochemical Markers --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Molecular Markers / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- RFLPs --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- PCR-Based Markers --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The principle of PCR --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Applications of PCR on Mushroom Studies --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Principle of AP-PCR --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Applications of AP-PCR on Mushroom Studies --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- Genetic Linkage Analysis / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Overview --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- The LOD Score Method --- p.34 / Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 3.1 --- Mushroom Strains and Culture Media --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Culture Method --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- Solutions --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4 --- Primers --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- Isolation of DNA from Lentinula edodes / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Mini-Preparation of Fungal DNA from L. edodes for PCR amplification --- p.42 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Cesium Chloride Method: Mini-Preparation of Fungal DNA for PCR amplification --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6 --- Quantitative Measurements of DNA --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7 --- Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) for the Amplification of Genomic DNA of L. edodes --- p.45 / Chapter 3.8 --- Analysis of DNA Samples with Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.9 --- Analysis of DNA Samples with Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) --- p.47 / Chapter 3.10 --- Silver Staining --- p.48 / Chapter 3.11 --- Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis of Polymorphic DNA Fragments / Chapter 3.11.1 --- Elution and Amplification of DNA --- p.49 / Chapter 3.11.2 --- PCR-SSCP --- p.50 / Chapter 3.12 --- Segregation and Linkage Analysis / Chapter 3.12.1 --- Chi-Square Test --- p.51 / Chapter 3.12.2 --- The LOD Score Method --- p.52 / Chapter 4. --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- DNA Extraction --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- AP-PCR Amplified Fragments and Fragment Number --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3 --- Dedikaryotization Demonstration --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4 --- Identification of Polymorphic Genetic Markers --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- AP-PCR Fingerprints from Single Primer --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- AP-PCR Fingerprints Using Two Primers --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- Segregation of Polymorphic Markers in Single Spore Isolates (SSIs) --- p.81 / Chapter 4.6 --- Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) of Identified Polymorphic DNA Fragments --- p.86 / Chapter 4.7 --- Linkage Analysis of the Identified AP-PCR Markers --- p.89 / Chapter 5. --- Discussions / Chapter 5.1 --- DNA Extraction --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2 --- Arbitrary Primers --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3 --- Dedikaryotization Demonstration --- p.95 / Chapter 5.4 --- Identification of Polymorphic Genetic Markers --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- AP-PCR Analysis of a Mushroom --- p.97 / Chapter 5.6 --- Mendelian Segregation Pattern of the Polymorphic Markers --- p.99 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion and Further Studies --- p.101 / Chapter 2. Electrophoretic Karyotype Analysis of Lentinula edodes / Chapter 7. --- Introduction --- p.106 / Chapter 8. --- Literature Review / Chapter 8.1 --- Overview --- p.108 / Chapter 8.2 --- Protoplasts --- p.109 / Chapter 8.3 --- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Principle --- p.110 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Applications of PFGE in Studies of Fungi --- p.112 / Chapter 9. --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 9.1 --- Strains and Culture Media --- p.114 / Chapter 9.2 --- Solutions --- p.114 / Chapter 9.3 --- Production of Lentinula edodes Protoplast --- p.115 / Chapter 9.4 --- Electrophoretic Conditions --- p.116 / Chapter 9.4.1 --- Condition for Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes --- p.117 / Chapter 9.4.2 --- Condition for Candida albicans chromosomes --- p.117 / Chapter 9.4.3 --- Condition for Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes --- p.118 / Chapter 10. --- Results / Chapter 10.1 --- Protoplast Production of Lentinula edodes / Chapter 10.1.1 --- Effects of Age of Mycelium on Protoplast Yield --- p.119 / Chapter 10.1.2 --- Effects of Various Osmotic Stabilizers on Protoplast Yield --- p.121 / Chapter 10.1.3 --- Effects of Two Lytic Enzymes on Protoplast Yield --- p.123 / Chapter 10.1.4 --- The Optimal Condition --- p.123 / Chapter 10.2 --- Electrophoretic Karyotype of L. edodes --- p.124 / Chapter 11. --- Discussions / Chapter 11.1 --- Protoplast Production of Lentinula edodes --- p.126 / Chapter 11.2 --- Electrophoretic Karyotype --- p.127 / REFERENCES

A palavra morfofonológica este da língua espanhola é submetida a análise acústica no presente trabalho com o objetivo de verificar-se padrões prosódicos para seus diferentes usos: referencial (adjetivo/pronome) e metadiscursivo. Os valores dos parâmetros acústicos mensurados para a ocorrência de este referencial são comparados aos das ocorrências de este metadiscursivo com a finalidade de reconhecer-se uma subcategorização do uso metadiscursivo: filler e marcador discursivo. São utilizados dados de fala espontânea do espanhol do México, coletados no website YouTube. Verificamos que, do ponto de vista prosódico, as tendências de comportamento de este referencial metadiscursivo apresentam divergências ou convergências a depender da interpretação pragmática relacionada ao último uso. / The word este of Spanish is acoustically analyzed in the present work in order to verify prosodic patterns for its different uses: referential (adjective / pronoun) and metadiscoursive. The measured values of acoustic parameters for each type of occurrence are compared with the purpose of proposing two different classes inside metadiscoursive use: a filler and a discourse marker. We use spontaneous speech data from Mexican Spanish, collected on the YouTube website.From the prosodic point of view, the behavioral tendencies of metadiscursive and referential este have divergences or convergences depending on the pragmatic interpretation related to the last use.