Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: John Rumrich. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this work is to illuminate how white male hegemony over women and minorities is inscribed through the process of film representation. A critical interrogation of six film texts produced over the last decade yields pertinent examples of how the process of hegemonic negotiation works to maintain power for the ever changing modes of postindustrial masculinity. Through the process of crisis and recuperation the central male characters in these films forge new, more acceptable attributes of masculinity that allow them to retain their centrality in the narrative.

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Magister Artium - MA / This thesis seeks to understand the visual representation of female masculinity in Marvel and DC comic books, and further contribute to the fields of linguistics and gender studies. The subject matter discussed issues around gender identity, masculinity, and visual representation. Currently, there is a lack of literature available on the subject matter of female masculinity in comic books, therefore creating a gap in knowledge about how women are being represented in comic books. The goal of this thesis was to contribute to this knowledge, and in doing so, further adding more knowledge about the subject matter for future researchers in the field. The theoretical framework included a diverse approach of social theories and perspectives, namely: Multimodal Discourse Analysis, Intertextuality, Dialogicality, and Queer Theory. The goals of this thesis were to understand the various modes used in the representation of female masculinity that have evolved over time, and how these modes contribute to developing characters who challenge the traditional gender norms and rules. The data that was used for this thesis was collected from comic books in which female characters are in leading roles, namely Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers) and Wonder Woman. / 2022

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Many societal problems in Brazil, including sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and fatherlessness, are said to be related to hegemonic masculine development, commonly known as toxic masculinity. Very little research has been conducted in Marriage and Family Therapy and related fields that explores masculinity in the context of family systems and within relational frameworks. Current research in this area focuses largely on the negative aspects of traditional masculinity that reinforce narrow stereotypes rather than highlight possibilities of relationally healthy masculine development. The aim of this study was to develop a constructivist grounded theory of relational masculinity in Brazil by interviewing 10 diverse Brazilian men who reject relationally unhealthy patterns related to hegemonic masculinity.

The topic of masculinity is something that has a lot of research done on it with it covering different spectrums of masculinity and how it affects society. Media has always played a part in how society is shaped and what is valued and therefore has had its effect on how masculinity is viewed. Today however social media has taken an important spot for both political and societal topics for younger individuals (Zimmerman, 2020), meaning more power for the individuals who create this type of content as they are seen as role models by their audience (Zimmerman, 2020). There are a few big creators who cover the topic of masculinity with one of them being Jordan Peterson. The format of short videos has exploded in popularity on platforms such as YouTube, TikTok and Instagram but as it is a newer format of video less research has been done on the topic of masculinity and the material of shorts. This thesis will analyse videos in the form of shorts where Jordan Peterson is present with an aim of getting an understanding what type of masculinity is being presented as there are several different types of masculinity that have different traits. The thesis will also look for a connection between what is presented in the videos and the crisis of masculinity which refers to that there is something that is troubling men in today’s society (McDowell, 2000). In the end the findings will be presented which indicate that there is a connection between what is being said in the videos and the crisis of masculinity as well as several examples that highlight both hegemonic masculinity, toxic masculinity, and patriarchal power structures.

This study tested the hypotheses that 1) authoritarian and traditionally masculine men respond to depictions of male-male intimacy with anger, 2) this anger predicts aggression toward gay men, and 3) anonymity moderates this effect. Data from 978 men were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online participant pool and survey delivery mechanism. Results from SEM analyses confirmed hypotheses 1 and 2, indicating that traditionally masculine and authoritarian men experience anger in response to a video clip depicting male-male intimacy, b = .22, SE = .08, p < .01, and that this anger predicts greater aggression against a gay male target than a heterosexual target, b = .53, SE = .17, p < .01. The hypothesis that anonymity influences the link between anger and aggression was not supported.

Although social research on sexuality is growing in Latin America, studies into tolerance are scarce. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between queer male practices and tolerance amongst a group of gay, bisexual and travesti men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To explore this issue 83 men were interviewed and ethnographic research was carried out with the gay rights organisation Arco-Íris and AIDS organisation ABIA. Whilst current literature generally positions the queer community as requiring tolerance from an intolerant society, this study suggests that intolerance of certain gendered and sexualised behaviours is produced within the queer community and affects queer male behaviours. It is suggested that factors such as race, class, religious belief and notions of beauty, style and respect influence the construction and experience of various sites across the city, such as the home, the workplace, the gay scene and the street as tolerant and intolerant. Current work is expanded through exploring the relationship between gendered and sexualised behaviours and (in)tolerance in understudied spaces, such as LGBT organisations, religious spaces and online communities. It is argued that future work must consider the way in which tolerance and intolerance function within the queer community as this study has done, rather than relying on taken-for-granted assumptions that intolerance towards queers originates from those outwith the queer community.

This dissertation explores the ways that specific constructions of "masculinity" and related "gendered" discourses of political power helped shape the foreign policy decisions of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. I argue that both prescriptive and proscriptive aspects of an elite "ideology of masculinity" played an important role in Kennedy administration innovations like counterinsurgency programs or the Peace Corps. The U.S. intervention in Vietnam under both Presidents was shaped in significant ways by a decision-making process embedded in a gendered discourse that equated negotiation with "appeasement," "softness," feminized weakness, and the collapse of boundaries; the use of force was construed as "tough-minded," a pragmatic "hardness" to buttress vital imperial and domestic political boundaries. This dissertation places analytical and interpretive emphasis on the heretofore largely unexamined role of gender and culture in American foreign policy of the Cold War. The study has two aspects. The first focuses on the creation of elite masculine "identity-narratives"; I examine the patterns of masculine socialization common to Kennedy and the elite "establishment" figures he recruited to staff his national security bureaucracy. I discuss patterns of experience in sex-segregated educational, fraternal, and military institutions, and the ritual ordeals employed by those institutions to create overlapping brotherhoods of privilege and power. I examine their experience of the gendered and sexualized political discourse of the nineteen-fifties, and the lessons they learned from the government purges which equated "subversion" and "sex perversion" when targeting victims. The second aspect of the study examines the "real world" consequences of the prescriptive and proscriptive ideology of masculinity shared by the national security staff of Kennedy and Johnson. I look at the ways that programs like counterinsurgency or the Peace Corps were shaped by ideals of masculine strenuousness and heroism, and in turn used as a political theater of masculinity for domestic political purposes. Decision-making about Vietnam was inextricably bound up with "private" identity-narratives of masculine power, and a public political discourse revolving around questions of "strength" or "weakness" in leaders. The politics of masculinity shaped the cost-benefit reason of U.S. policy-makers.