Maîtrise--Histoire de l'art--Paris 1, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 182-202.

L’Ukraine, indépendante depuis peu, traverse une période de transition et s’efforce de réhabiliter son héritage culturel, philosophique et religieux. Dans la première partie nous présentons l’état du phénomène spécifiquement ukrainien qui est un double enracinement religieux et culturel : tradition byzantine et uniatisme avec son influence occidentale. La deuxième partie contient l’étude des trois périodes de l’évolution de la pensée ukrainienne : pré-skovorodienne, skovorodienne et post- skovorodienne. Skovoroda est la figure centrale de la pensée philosophique ukrainienne. Influencé par la culture occidentale, il fut formé dans la célèbre Académie Pétro Mohyla. Son concept de la philosophie cordocentrique montre l’originalité de sa pensée. Il distingue le cœur supérieur sublimé par les pensées auquel il oppose le cœur commun, celui des désirs. Skovoroda arrive à la conclusion suivante : « lorsque tu te connaitras bien, du même regard tu connaitras aussi le Christ ». Dans la troisième partie, nous présentons un entrecroisement des traditions orientale et occidentale dans les domaines religieux, philosophiques et culturels, ce qui permet de mettre en valeur la spécificité de l’Ukraine. / Ukraine, recently independent is going through a transition period and tries to bring back into favour his cultural, philosophical and religious heritage. In the first part of this study we deal with the ukrainian specificité made of religious and cultural roots : byzantine tradition and uniatism with its occidental influence. The second part is about the study of the three periods of the evolution of the ukrainian thought : pre-Skovorodian, Skovorodian, past-skovorodian. Skovoroda is the central figure of the ukrainian philosophy. Influenced by the occidental culture, he was educated at the famous Academy Petro Mohyla. His concept of the cordocentrique philosophy shows the originality of his ideas. He distinguishes the upper heart sublimated by the ideas to which he opposes the ordinary heart, the heart of desires. Skovoroda arrives at the following conclusion : When you know yourself well, you know the Christ as well. In the third part we deal with the criss-cross of oriental and occidental traditions in the religious, philosophical and cultural fields, allowing to highlight the specificity of Ukraine.

The diploma thesis aims to map the transformation of the image of the Cossacks in the works of key Russian historians of the 19th century and early 20th century. Formulating the topic, the author assumes that the Cossacks played an extremely important role in shaping the concept of Russian history in the 19th century - the era of modern, scientific historical research in the Russian environment. Analysing the Cossack myth, author focuses on the remarkable fact that Russian 19th century and early 20th century historiography with Cossacks its specific leaders (leaders of the Cossack uprisings Kryshtof Kosynsky, Severyn Nalyvaiko, Hetmans Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Vyhovsky, Petro Doroshenko, Ivan Mazeppa) associates (sometimes quite contradictory) with historical processes and roles (defense of Orthodoxy, driving forces in the formation of the Russian state, an anarchist, dangerous element disrupting state order, personification of desire for free life or opposition to Tsarist autocracy). The greatest attention will be paid to the two hetmans of the Ukrainian Cossacks - Khmelnytsky and Mazeppa. At the end of the thesis, the author defines the models and long-term tendencies of shaping the image of the Cossacks and their historical role with regard to the existence of various historical schools and at...